CIM Course - K01V Windows Operating Systems Chapter 1/5 Getting Started with Windows 10

application

a computer program designed to help a user perform a task for a specific purpose such as, creating documents using a word processing application.

Task View Button

lets you see and switch between open apps - including desktop apps

File Explorer Back and Forward buttons

Provides the ability to navigate to other folders you have already opened without closing the current folder window. These buttons work with the address bar, after you use the address bar to change folders, you can use the back button to return to the previous folder

Virtual Desktop

an additional desktop to organize and quickly access groups of windows to work with just the apps

Windows Start Menu Most Used

displays a list of the apps that the user uses the most; updates constantly during use of Windows 10

File Explorer Quick Access Area

displays commonly accessed locations, such as documents, and desktop

Windows 10 local account disadvantage

lets you connect to the Internet but you will not have the advantage of having your personal arrangement of apps displayed on your Start menu everytime you sign in to that PC

two ways to sign in on a Windows 10 computer

local account or a Microsoft account. either one requires an email address to be associated with a user account name.

Zip and Unzip

refers to the process of compressing (zipping) and extracting (unzipping)

platform

refers to the underlying computer system on which application programs can run, essentially referred to the as the same term operating system

Snipping Tool Menu Toolbar, Split button New Arrow, and Menu

Split button is an arrow attached to a button that displays a menu. A menu is a list of commands within a category, and a group of menus at the top of a program window is referred to as the menu bar.

Create a PIN to use in place of passwords

Start > Settings > Accounts > Sign-In Options

Change Desktop Background

Start > Settings > Personalization > Background, select picture or browse > Click Lock Screen, select picture or browse

File Explorer Content Pane

displays the contents of the current folder or location, if you type text into the Search box, only the folders and files that match your search will display, including files in subfolders

Compressed folder

may contain a group of files that were combined into one compressed folder, making it easier to share a group of files.

Three major tasks of an operating system

1. Manage computer's hardware 2. Manage the application software installed in the computer 3. Manage the data generated from the application software

Windows Defender

A built-in antimalware software that protects against computer viruses, spyware, and malicious or unwanted software aka malware from being installed.

Taskbar

Contains buttons to launch programs and buttons for all open programs; by default, it is located at the bottom of the desktop, you can move it. You can customize the number and arrangement of buttons

Recycle Bin

Contains files and folders that you delete. When you delete a file or folder from a location on your hard disk drive, it s not actually deleted; it stays in the Recycle Bin if you decide to restore it, until the Recycle Bin is emptied

Windows 11 Backup and Restore

Control Panel > Backup and Restore (Windows7 Mode)

Show hidden icons

Displays additional icons related to your notifications

File Explorer Quick Access Toolbar

Displays commonly used commands; you can customize this toolbar by adding and deleting commands and by showing the toolbar below the ribbon instead of above the ribbon

Notification area

Displays notification icons and the system clock and calendar; sometimes referred to as the system tray

Desktop background

Displays the colors and graphics of your desktop; you can change the desktop background to look the way you want, such as using a picture or a solid color, the background is also referred to as Desktop Wallpaper

Speakers icon

Displays the status of your computer's speakers (if any)

Network notification icon

Displays the status of your network

Task View

Displays your desktop background with a small image of all open programs and apps. click once to open, click again to close

Windows Start Menu Power, Settings, and Signed-in User Buttons

Enable the user to put the computer to sleep, shut down, restart; show the settings window to change Windows 10 settings; display the icon or picture of the signed-in user

File Explorer folder structure and path

Folder structure is a sequence of folders in the folder structure. the actual location of the file is the path it takes within the folder structure.

Snipping Tool Snip Modes

Free-Form Snip: draw an irregular line such as a circle around an area of the screen Rectangular Snip: draw a precise box by dragging the mouse pointer around an area of the screen to form a rectangle Windows Snip: captures the entire displayed window Full-Screen snip: captures the entire screen

File Explorer Help button

Opens a Bing search for Windows 10 help

Windows Store

Opens the Windows Store where you can select and download Windows apps.

Windows Firewall

Protection built into Windows 10 that can prevent hackers or malicious software from gaining access to your computer through a network or the Internet

File Explorer Refresh button

Refreshes the current path

Search for Snipping Tool and "Snip", then pin to Taskbar

Search Box > Enter Snipping (autocompletes), right click on the Snipping Tool to display Jump List > Click Pin or Unpin from either Start Menu or Task Bar a program within Windows 10 that captures an image of all or part of your computer's screen. Snip is what the captured image is called, which can be annotated, saved, copied, or shared for example via email

Search Limitations Hard Drive, Cloud, and USB

Searching is limited on a USB drive - it does not look at the content inside a file. Searching on internal hard drive or OneDrive, the search extends to words and phrases actually inside the files. If you delete a file or folder form a USB drive, it is gone and cannot be retrieved vs files deleted on hard drive or OneDrive can still be recovered from the Recycle Bin

Desktop

Serves as a surface for your work, like the top of an actual desk. You can arrange icons which are small pictures that represent a file, folder, program, or other object

booting the computer

The process of turning on a computer when the computer has been completely shut down.

booting vs waking up the computer

Windows 10 does not require the user to completely shut down the computer except to install or repair a hardware device, in most cases moving the mouse or pressing a key will wake the computer in a few seconds.

Cortana Activated

Windows10 Search Bar if "Ask me anything" doesn't show, then cortana is not active

Microsoft SharePoint

a Microsoft technology that enables employees in an organization to access information across organizational and geographic boundaries

Windows Network and Sharing Center

a Windows 10 feature in the Control Panel where you can view basic network information

Windows 10 Notepad

a basic text-editing program included in Windows 10 that you can use to create simple documents.

electronic (digital) file

a collection of information stored on a computer under a single name, examples include a word or excel document, an excel workbook, a picture, a song, or a program

folder

a container in which you can store and organize electronic files by labeling folders and its contents.

File Explorer Shortcut Menu

a context-sensitive menu that displays command and options relevant to the active object after it is right-clicked

Windows 10 lock screen

a default picture from Microsoft or a picture selected by the user. can be personalized to display calendar, mail, time, day, and date. the app runs in the background and show you quick status and notifications even when the screen is locked. may also display a badge which is an icon, or small images that represent commands, files, applications, or other windows that show status such as the internet connection, battery time, or summarized information such as how many unread emails or a number of new posts and or messages.

Filtered list

a display of files that is limited based on specified criteria

File Explorer Folder and Subfolder

a folder is a basic organizing tool for files where you can store files that are related to one another within a folder. you can also place a folder inside another folder, which is referred to as a subfolder.

Internet of Things (IoT)

a growing network of physical objects that will have sensors connected to the Internet, used for home automation devices like lights and appliances

application developer

a person who writes a computer application, must be written for one or more platforms, the most popular of which are the iOS platform, the Android platform, and the Windows platform

removable storage device

a portable device, such as a USB flash drive, a flash memory card, or an external hard drive, on which you can store files and makes it easier to transfer or copy files between computers and mobile devices.

program

a set of instructions that a computer uses to accomplish a task.

app

a shortened version of the term application, typically a smaller application designed for a single purpose. Examples include social media apps like Facebook, the Weather Channel, Skype, Zoom and Facebook Messenger, they can run on a desktop, laptop, and mobile devices like tablets and smartphones.

operating system

a specific type of computer program that manages other programs on a computing device such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a smartphone, a tablet computer, or a game console.

File Explorer Ribbon

a user interface within Windows that groups commands for performing related tasks for example copy, paste, delete, rename, creating folders, emailing or zipping items, and changing views of file explorer

File Explorer Folder Hierarchy

an arrangement where items are ranked and where each level is lower rank than the item above it

Windows 10

an operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation that works with mobile computing devices and also with traditional desktop and laptop PCs

mouse pointer

any symbol that displays on your screen in response to moving your mouse

Windows Start Menu Play and Explore Section

apps that relate to games or news apps that the user has installed. The heading title can be customized or completely deleted

Windows Start Menu Life At A Glance

apps that relate to the users own information such as Mail, Calendar, Contacts. The heading title can be customized or completely deleted

Windows apps

apps that run on Windows devices such as a Windows phone, Windows tablet, and a Windows desktop PC.

File Explorer includes Compressed Folder Tools

available in the ribbon, to assist in extracting compressed files

Windows Steps Recorder

captures the steps you perform on your computer, including a text description of where you clicked and a picture of the screen during each click

File Explorer Minimize the Ribbon button

collapses the ribbon so that only the tab names are displayed

desktop app

commonly refers to a computer program that is installed on the hard drive of a personal computer, and requires a computer operating system like Microsoft Windows or Apple macOS to run. Examples are full featured versions of Microsoft Office such as word and Excel, Adobe Photoshop.

The operating system's functions

consists of many smaller programs, stored as system files, which transfer data to and from disk and transfer data in and out of the computer's memory. Other functions include hardware-specific tasks such as checking to see if a key has been pressed on the keyboard and it it has, displaying the appropriate letter or character on the screen.

Windows Tiles

customizable arrangement of the rectangular boxes on the right of the Start Menu, visual icon or representation of apps, websites, programs, folders and tools that can be run or activated by simply clicking or tapping on them

Windows Dashboard

customizable mini one-screen viewable and clickable windows (similar to tiles) that links to information and programs that matter to the user through which to connect with the people, activities, places, and apps that the user cares about.

File Explorer Quick Access

displayed by default, lists recent files and folders worked on. usually the default folders are: Desktop, Downloads, Documents, and Pictures, any other folders worked on frequently will be added. the benefit of the Quick Access list is that it is customizable by right-clicking in any file or folder and click Pin or Unpin to and from Quick Access

Snap Assist

displays 50/50 split screen view of two apps, begin by clicking the title bar of a window, and quickly drag it to the side left or right, another option is Windows key and Left or Right arrow to snap the windows left or right.

Windows 10 Start Menu

displays a list of installed programs on the left and a customizable group of square and rectangular boxes on the right

Progress Bar

displays in a dialog box, and also display on the File Explorer taskbar button with green shading. Indicates visually the progress of a task such as a copy process, a download, or a file transfer.

File Explorer File list

displays the contents of the current folder or location. if you type a search, only the folders and files that match your search will display including files in subfolders

File Explorer Previous Locations button

displays the path to locations you have visited recently so that you can go back to a previously working directory quickly

File Explorer Status Bar

displays the total number of items in a location or the number of selected items and their total size

Windows ScreenTip

displays useful information when you perform various mouse actions such as hovering or pointing to screen elements aka objects.

File Explorer Column headings

identifies the columns in Details view. by clicking the column heading name, you can change how the file list are organized; by right-clicking or clicking the right of the heading, you can select other columns to add to the file list.

File Explorer Search Box

locates files stored within the current location when you type a search item

Windows Store App

opens the Windows Store to locate and download more apps

File Explorer Up Button

opens the location where the folder you are viewing is saved - also referred to as the parent folder

Computer Resources

physical parts of the computer such as the CPU (central processing unit), memory, and any attached devices such as a printer, are collectively known as resources. The operating system keeps track of the status of each resource and decides when a resource needs attention and for how long.

File Explorer This PC

provides navigation to your internal storage and attached storage devices including optical media such as a DVD drive

Add or remove Toolbar Options

right-click an empty location in taskbar > Check or Uncheck desired options like Address or Links

Download

the action of transferring or copying a file from another location - such as a cloud storage location or from an Internet site - to your computer.

File Explorer Navigation Pane

the area on the left side of the File Explorer window, shows storage locations, drives that are connected to the computer and the folders

Two areas of the Action Center

the vertical panel that displays on the right side of the screen when you click the icon in the notifications area of the taskbar. The upper portion displays notification from apps installed where the user elected to received notifications. The bottom displays Quick Actions - buttons that take yo to frequently used system commands

Sign-in requirements variation at a college or place of employment

these computers are controlled by an organization's IT (Information Technology) professionals, who are responsible for maintaining a secure computing environment for the entire organization.

Extract Files and Folders

to decompress, or pull out files from a compressed form.

Start button

Displays the Start menu

Search Box

If Cortana - Microsoft's intelligent personal assistant - is disabled, this will indicate Search the web and Windows. Assuming Cortana is enabled, this will indicate Ask me anything.

Parts of a GUI

A pointer - any symbol that displays on screen in response to moving the mouse and lets you select objects and commands A pointing device - such as a mouse or touchpad to control the pointer Icons - small images that represent commands, files, applications, or other windows. You can select an object's icon and drag it to move or double-click a program icon to start a program. A desktop - a simulation of a real desk that represents your work area; where you can arrange icons such as shortcuts to programs, files, folders, and various types of documents in the same manner you would arrange physical objects on top of a desk.

Customizing Cortana Windows10

Click the Cortana search box, on the left click Settings icon, click the hamburger icon on the top left to display menu commands, click About Me to customize Cortana's name and other settings

Windows Sleep, Hibernate, and Shutdown Modes

Desktops typically use 80-320 watts when in use. Laptops typically use 15-60 watts of energy when in use. Sleep Mode - Windows 10 saves your work into RAM, turns of the screen and any other moving parts but still uses minimal power to retain RAM. When user presses a key, or moves the mouse, the system wakes up to the lock screen. This is the best option to save energy typically uses anywhere from 2 watt for laptops, and 5-10 watts in desktops Hibernate Mode - Windows 10 saves your work into the hard disk, allowing the computer to be turned off completely and use no energy. Commonly used in laptops. Shutdown Mode - All open programs and files close, including network connections and any powered parts are turned off. Shutting down your computer at the end of each day is not required because sleep mode can be just as effective without using a significant amount of energy. It's just important to make sure you've automatically set your computer to go to sleep after a certain period of inactivity

Action Center

Displays the Action Center in a vertical pane on the right of the screen where you can see app notifications - such as the new mail or new alerts from Microsoft or from social networks like Facebook at the top and access commonly used settings at the bottom

File Explorer Maximize/Restore and Minimize button

Increases the size of a window to fill the screen, click the two squares to restore previous size, click the minimize button to remove the window from the screen without closing it, minimized windows can be re-opened by clicking the associated window icon in the taskbar

Microsoft Edge Browser

Launches Microsoft Edge, the web browser program developed by Microsoft that is included with Windows 10

File Explorer

Launches the File Explorer program, which displays the contents of folders and files on your computer and on connected locations, and also enables you to perform tasks related to your files and folders such as copying, moving, and renaming. If your File Explorer icon does not display, click the Start button, point to the File Explorer icon, right-click, point to More, and then click Pin to taskbar

File Explorer Preview Pane

Lets you quickly preview or see the file without opening, it will also show the first slide and scroll to the slides of a PowerPoint, or pages of documents without opening them.

universal apps

Windows apps that use a common code base to deliver the app to any Windows device - a desktop or laptop PC, a Windows phone, a Windows tablet, or an Xbox game console

Microsoft's HoloLens

a see-through holographic computer that uses the same code base for a windows universal app. this is Microsoft's augmented reality "mixed reality", using multiple sensors, advanced optics, and holographic processing that melds seamlessly with its environment to display useful information blended with the real world or even simulate a virtual world

Windows File name extension

a set of characters at the end of a file name that helps Windows understand what kind of information is in a file and what program should open it. a " .txt " file is a simple file consisting of lines of text with no formatting and that almost any computer can open and display

File Explorer Close button

closes the window

File Explorer Address Bar

displays your current location in the folder structure as a series of links separated by arrows. clicking an arrow to the right of a folder name in the address bar displays a list of the subfolders in that folder. the address bar is also an active control with which you can step from the current folder directly to another folder above or below within the same folder structure, just by clicking the folder name

File Explorer Back, Forward, Recent locations , Up buttons and parent folder

enables the user to navigate to other folders already opened without closing the current window. these buttons work with the address bar; after you use the address bar to change folders, you can use the Back button to return to the previous folder. Use the Up button to open the location where the folder you are viewing is saved - also referred to as the parent folder

File Explorer Details Pane and File Properties

from the File Explorer Ribbon, click View then Details Pane the details pane displays the most common file properties associated with the selected file. file properties refer to information about a file, such as the author, the date the file was last changed, and any descriptive tags - properties that help to find and organize files

Windows 10 Microsoft Account advantage

lets you download apps from the Windows store, get your online content like email, social network updates, news automatically displayed in an app when you sign in. The computer becomes your connected device where you - not your files are the center of activity

Copy Command to Clipboard

places a copy of selected files or folders on the Clipboard, where it will be stored until used again to Paste or copy somewhere else. The clipboard is a temporary storage area for information that a user has copied or moved from one place and use somewhere else.

Customizing the Action Center Notifications (Windows10 and Windows11)

right-click on the date and time section, select Notification & Actions for Windows10 and Notification Settings on Windows11

Start Menu Tiles

serves as a connected dashboard to all of your important programs, sites, and services. the view is tailored to your information and activities

Windows Live Tiles

similar to regular Windows Tiles with the exception that they are constantly updated with the latest information

cloud storage

storage space on an Internet site that can also display as a drive on your computer, an example is GoogleDrive that appears as a regular drive when viewed from File Explorer

Compressed Files

the common format or packaging of downloaded files, which are reduced in size, taking up less storage space, and can be transferred to other computers faster than uncompressed files.

mobile device platform

the hardware and software environment for smaller-screen devices such as tablets and smartphones. For example, the NFL Mobile app is available for Apple mobile devices, Windows mobile devices, and Android Devices.

Data Management

the most important and most often used function of the operating system is managing your files and folders.

Windows GUI

the operating system uses a Graphical User Interface, using graphics such as an image of a file folder or wastebasket that you can click to activate an item.

hard disk drive (HDD or hard drive)

the primary storage device located inside the computer where electronic files and software programs may be stored, once formatted with a file system that the operating system recognizes, it is assigned a drive letter.

Windows 10 Multiple User Accounts on a single computer

useful because you can share a computer with other people in your family or organization and each person can have his or her own information and settings - none of which others can see. Each user on a single computer is referred to as a user account.

Creating a Windows 10 Personal Dashboard

where you can pin and organize apps on the start menu, right click a pinned app to resize, or drag to empty area and a bar will appear where you can name the new grouped section if there are more than one pinned app moved

Snipping Tool after snipping a screen

you can annotate, mark or highlight using the pen or highlighter icons, make notes, save copy, or share the snip.

Windows 10 usage and outlook

you can write and create using traditional desktop apps, read, socialize and communicate using Windows Store apps. Windows on PC has some characteristics of a smartphone or tablet - it is connected, it is mobile, and is centered on people and activities.