CIS EXAM ch1

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Fifth Generation computers

- Artificial intelligence - voice and touch (input)

Early Competitors

- Commodore PET 2001 - Radio Shack's TRS-80 - The osborne

Embedded computers

- Embedded into a product and designed to perform specific tasks or functions for that product - cannot be used as general purposes ex) household appliances, thermostats, sewing machines, cars

Third Generation computers

- Integrated Circuits (ICs) - Keyboards & monitors

Future of Fifth Generation computers

- Optical computers - Tiny computers that utilize nanotechnology - General purpose computers built into everyday devices

Microprocessors

- Small chip containing millions of transistors - Created by Intel Corporation - Functions as the central processing unit (CPU) - Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire computers - Most of today's traditional computers fall into this category - Personal computer

System software

- Starts up the computer and controls its operations - the main computer of system software that enables a computer to operate, manage its activities and the resources under its control, run application programs, and interface with users

Altar 8800

- The first personal computer - sold as a kit - switches for input - lights for output - Bill Gates & Paul Allen created a compiler for BASIC

Second Generation computers

- Transistor - Punch cards & magnetic tape (input) - Invented at Bell Laboratories - Replaced vacuum tubes

Mobile devices

- a very small device with some type of built-in computing or Internet capability - Typically based on mobile phones - Typically have small screens and keyboards ex) smartphones, handled gaming devices, tablets, smart watches

Desktop computer

- can use tower case, desktop case, or all in one - can be PC, computer, or Macintosh - not designed to be portable

System Software (even more)

- cannot function without OS computer - Boots the computer and launches programs at the user's direction - Most use a GUI to interact with the user via windows, icons, menus, buttons, etc. - Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.

Application software (even more)

- creating letters, budgets, etc - Managing inventory and customer databases - editing photographs - scheduling appointments - viewing Web pages - Spending and receiving email - recording or playing CDs, DVDs - playing games

Enormous

- entire room - powered by thousands of vacuum tubes

External Hardware

- located outside the system unit - connect to the computer via a wired or wireless connection ex) printer, speaker

Fourth Generation computers

- microprocessors - IBM PC, Apple Macintosh - Keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers - magnetic disks, flash memory, and optical disks (storage) - Computer network, wireless technologies, Internet

Portable computer

- notebook (laptop) computers - open to reveal keyboard and screen - table computers - notebooks - ultra mobile PCs (UMPCs) (handheld computers)

Appliance software

- programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer ex) writing letters or playing game

Define a computer user

- the people who use computers to perform tasks or obtain information - anyone who use a computer

6 basic categories of coputers

1, embedded computers 2, Mobile devices 3, Personal computers 4, Midrange Servers 5, Mainframe computers 6, Super computers

What are the 6 categories of computers

1. Embedded computer 2. Mobile devices 3. Personal computers 4. Servers 5. Mainframe computers 6. Super computers

What are the 5 basic operations

1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Storage 5. Communication

UNIVAC

1st commercially successful electronic digital computer

ENIAC

1st successful high-speed electronic digital computer By W. Mauchy and J

Computer network

A collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together: SHARE & COMMUNICATE

Servers

A medium-sized (mid-range) computer used to host programs and data for a small network - users connect via a network with a computer, thin client, or dumb terminal ex) lawyer, doctors

Transistor

A small device made of semiconductor material that acts like a switch to open or close electronic circuits

Personal computers (microcomputer)

A type of computer based on a microprocessor & designed to be used by one person at a time - desktop computer - portable computer

Wireless hotspots

Allow students to access the internet and campus resources

Mainframe computers

Also called Higher end servers, Enterprise class servers Powerful computer used by large organization to manage large amounts of centralized data

The main processing devices for a computer is

CPU (central processing unit) - located inside the system unit and performs the calculations and comparisons needed for processing - controls the computer's operations - brain of the computer process involving "memory" GPU (Geographic processing unit) - additional processors

CPU

Central processing unit The chip located on the motherboard of a computer that performs most of the processing for acomputer

Modem/router

Communication (ex)

allows user to communicate electrically with others and to access remote information via the Internet or home, school, or company computer network

Communications devices

Hardware + Software

Computer

Fourth Generation computers witnessed the development of

Computer network Wireless technology Internet

First Generation computers

Enormous UNIVAC ENIAC

Supercomputer

Fastest, most expensive, most powerful type of computer

Pervasive computing

Few aspects of daily life remain untouched by computers & computing technology Trend > computers and technology are integral part of our life

Smart homes

Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the house or a smartphone

Email address

Identifies people for e-mail exchange ([email protected])

Uniform resource locator (URL)

Identifies specific web pages (http://abc.com/234567) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) File Transfer Protocol (ftp://)

keyboard (ex)

Input

What is computer, what does it do?

Input, processing output, storage, communication a programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, presents the results, and stores the data or result as needed.

ICs

Integrated Circuits - Invented by Jack Kiby of Texas Instruments - small chip containing thousands transistors

Abbreviations (Acronyms)

LOL

Differences in online communications

Less formal Netiquette - Be polite and considerate of others - refrain from offensive remarks Abbreviations (acronyms) and emotions are used

Is the Internet the World Wide Web?

No WWW - The collection of web pages available through the internet

IP address

Numeric address that identifies computers (207.46.197.32)

File Transfer Protocol (ftp://)

Often used for file exchange

printer

Output (ex)

Why learn about computers? Why do you need basic computer literacy?

Pervasive computing (ubiquitous computing) Convergence Computer become an integral parts of our lives Computer literacy

Optical computer

Process data using light instead of electrons, or tiny computers that utilize nanotechnology, or as entire general-purpose computers built desks, home appliances, and other everyday devices

System unit (ex)

Processing

System unit

Storage (ex)

What are 2 classification software?

System software - Starts up the computer and controls its operations Application software - programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer

2 Types of software

System software Application software

Domain name

Text-based address that identifies computer website (abc.com)

What is software

The instructions, also called computer programs, that are used to tell a computer what it should be

Internet

The largest and most well-known computer network in the world Internet traffic consists of : - EMail - WWW - File Transfers - VoIP To access internet - need modem or network adapter - might require a user name and password - internet connection (direct/dial-up connections)

What is hardware?

The physical parts of a computer system, such as the keyboard, monitor, printer

Hardware

The physical parts of computer - Internal Hardware - External Hardware There are Hardware associated with all five computer operations Process CPU

Software

The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do

Smart appliances

Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication technology

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://)

Typically used to display web pages

Netiquette (rules)

Use descriptive subject line Don't shout Watch what you say Don't spam your contract Be cautious Think before you send or post

VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol - The process of placing telephone calls via the Internet

Early 1990s

WWW Graphical Web browser personal use

WWW

World wide web (WEB) The collection of web pages available through the Internet

Is the Internet a network?

Yes Internet - The largest and most well-know computer network, linking billions of devices all over the world

Define a computer network

a collection of computers and other devices that are connected in order to share hardware, software, and data, as well as to communicate electronically with one another

Define computer

a programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, presents the results, and stores the data or results as needed

Communication on the Internet requires an

address: 1. IP Address 2. Domain name 3, (URL) Uniform resource locator 4. E-mail address

Apple 1 & Apple 2

by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak - used Motorola processor - First fully contained microcomputer - Highly Successful

Network -

connections (COMMUNICATE & SHARE)

any piece of equipment that is used to input data into the computer

input

Before 1980

large, expensive, few people had access mostly for high-volume processing tasks

Internal Hardware

located inside the main box (system unit) of the computer ex) keyboard, mouse

early 80s

microcomputers (inexpensive, increase)

Share and communicate

network

accepts processed data from the computer and presents the results to user

output

System unit (5functions)

processing and storage

IMB PC

small-computer market in 1981

used to store data on or access data from storage media

storage devices


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