CIS EXAM ch1
Fifth Generation computers
- Artificial intelligence - voice and touch (input)
Early Competitors
- Commodore PET 2001 - Radio Shack's TRS-80 - The osborne
Embedded computers
- Embedded into a product and designed to perform specific tasks or functions for that product - cannot be used as general purposes ex) household appliances, thermostats, sewing machines, cars
Third Generation computers
- Integrated Circuits (ICs) - Keyboards & monitors
Future of Fifth Generation computers
- Optical computers - Tiny computers that utilize nanotechnology - General purpose computers built into everyday devices
Microprocessors
- Small chip containing millions of transistors - Created by Intel Corporation - Functions as the central processing unit (CPU) - Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire computers - Most of today's traditional computers fall into this category - Personal computer
System software
- Starts up the computer and controls its operations - the main computer of system software that enables a computer to operate, manage its activities and the resources under its control, run application programs, and interface with users
Altar 8800
- The first personal computer - sold as a kit - switches for input - lights for output - Bill Gates & Paul Allen created a compiler for BASIC
Second Generation computers
- Transistor - Punch cards & magnetic tape (input) - Invented at Bell Laboratories - Replaced vacuum tubes
Mobile devices
- a very small device with some type of built-in computing or Internet capability - Typically based on mobile phones - Typically have small screens and keyboards ex) smartphones, handled gaming devices, tablets, smart watches
Desktop computer
- can use tower case, desktop case, or all in one - can be PC, computer, or Macintosh - not designed to be portable
System Software (even more)
- cannot function without OS computer - Boots the computer and launches programs at the user's direction - Most use a GUI to interact with the user via windows, icons, menus, buttons, etc. - Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.
Application software (even more)
- creating letters, budgets, etc - Managing inventory and customer databases - editing photographs - scheduling appointments - viewing Web pages - Spending and receiving email - recording or playing CDs, DVDs - playing games
Enormous
- entire room - powered by thousands of vacuum tubes
External Hardware
- located outside the system unit - connect to the computer via a wired or wireless connection ex) printer, speaker
Fourth Generation computers
- microprocessors - IBM PC, Apple Macintosh - Keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers - magnetic disks, flash memory, and optical disks (storage) - Computer network, wireless technologies, Internet
Portable computer
- notebook (laptop) computers - open to reveal keyboard and screen - table computers - notebooks - ultra mobile PCs (UMPCs) (handheld computers)
Appliance software
- programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer ex) writing letters or playing game
Define a computer user
- the people who use computers to perform tasks or obtain information - anyone who use a computer
6 basic categories of coputers
1, embedded computers 2, Mobile devices 3, Personal computers 4, Midrange Servers 5, Mainframe computers 6, Super computers
What are the 6 categories of computers
1. Embedded computer 2. Mobile devices 3. Personal computers 4. Servers 5. Mainframe computers 6. Super computers
What are the 5 basic operations
1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Storage 5. Communication
UNIVAC
1st commercially successful electronic digital computer
ENIAC
1st successful high-speed electronic digital computer By W. Mauchy and J
Computer network
A collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together: SHARE & COMMUNICATE
Servers
A medium-sized (mid-range) computer used to host programs and data for a small network - users connect via a network with a computer, thin client, or dumb terminal ex) lawyer, doctors
Transistor
A small device made of semiconductor material that acts like a switch to open or close electronic circuits
Personal computers (microcomputer)
A type of computer based on a microprocessor & designed to be used by one person at a time - desktop computer - portable computer
Wireless hotspots
Allow students to access the internet and campus resources
Mainframe computers
Also called Higher end servers, Enterprise class servers Powerful computer used by large organization to manage large amounts of centralized data
The main processing devices for a computer is
CPU (central processing unit) - located inside the system unit and performs the calculations and comparisons needed for processing - controls the computer's operations - brain of the computer process involving "memory" GPU (Geographic processing unit) - additional processors
CPU
Central processing unit The chip located on the motherboard of a computer that performs most of the processing for acomputer
Modem/router
Communication (ex)
allows user to communicate electrically with others and to access remote information via the Internet or home, school, or company computer network
Communications devices
Hardware + Software
Computer
Fourth Generation computers witnessed the development of
Computer network Wireless technology Internet
First Generation computers
Enormous UNIVAC ENIAC
Supercomputer
Fastest, most expensive, most powerful type of computer
Pervasive computing
Few aspects of daily life remain untouched by computers & computing technology Trend > computers and technology are integral part of our life
Smart homes
Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the house or a smartphone
Email address
Identifies people for e-mail exchange ([email protected])
Uniform resource locator (URL)
Identifies specific web pages (http://abc.com/234567) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) File Transfer Protocol (ftp://)
keyboard (ex)
Input
What is computer, what does it do?
Input, processing output, storage, communication a programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, presents the results, and stores the data or result as needed.
ICs
Integrated Circuits - Invented by Jack Kiby of Texas Instruments - small chip containing thousands transistors
Abbreviations (Acronyms)
LOL
Differences in online communications
Less formal Netiquette - Be polite and considerate of others - refrain from offensive remarks Abbreviations (acronyms) and emotions are used
Is the Internet the World Wide Web?
No WWW - The collection of web pages available through the internet
IP address
Numeric address that identifies computers (207.46.197.32)
File Transfer Protocol (ftp://)
Often used for file exchange
printer
Output (ex)
Why learn about computers? Why do you need basic computer literacy?
Pervasive computing (ubiquitous computing) Convergence Computer become an integral parts of our lives Computer literacy
Optical computer
Process data using light instead of electrons, or tiny computers that utilize nanotechnology, or as entire general-purpose computers built desks, home appliances, and other everyday devices
System unit (ex)
Processing
System unit
Storage (ex)
What are 2 classification software?
System software - Starts up the computer and controls its operations Application software - programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer
2 Types of software
System software Application software
Domain name
Text-based address that identifies computer website (abc.com)
What is software
The instructions, also called computer programs, that are used to tell a computer what it should be
Internet
The largest and most well-known computer network in the world Internet traffic consists of : - EMail - WWW - File Transfers - VoIP To access internet - need modem or network adapter - might require a user name and password - internet connection (direct/dial-up connections)
What is hardware?
The physical parts of a computer system, such as the keyboard, monitor, printer
Hardware
The physical parts of computer - Internal Hardware - External Hardware There are Hardware associated with all five computer operations Process CPU
Software
The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do
Smart appliances
Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication technology
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://)
Typically used to display web pages
Netiquette (rules)
Use descriptive subject line Don't shout Watch what you say Don't spam your contract Be cautious Think before you send or post
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol - The process of placing telephone calls via the Internet
Early 1990s
WWW Graphical Web browser personal use
WWW
World wide web (WEB) The collection of web pages available through the Internet
Is the Internet a network?
Yes Internet - The largest and most well-know computer network, linking billions of devices all over the world
Define a computer network
a collection of computers and other devices that are connected in order to share hardware, software, and data, as well as to communicate electronically with one another
Define computer
a programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, presents the results, and stores the data or results as needed
Communication on the Internet requires an
address: 1. IP Address 2. Domain name 3, (URL) Uniform resource locator 4. E-mail address
Apple 1 & Apple 2
by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak - used Motorola processor - First fully contained microcomputer - Highly Successful
Network -
connections (COMMUNICATE & SHARE)
any piece of equipment that is used to input data into the computer
input
Before 1980
large, expensive, few people had access mostly for high-volume processing tasks
Internal Hardware
located inside the main box (system unit) of the computer ex) keyboard, mouse
early 80s
microcomputers (inexpensive, increase)
Share and communicate
network
accepts processed data from the computer and presents the results to user
output
System unit (5functions)
processing and storage
IMB PC
small-computer market in 1981
used to store data on or access data from storage media
storage devices
