Biology 210: Chapter 9 The Endocrine System Study Guide

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Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are sign and symptoms of _______.

Addison's disease

The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by _______.

Label A

The pineal gland is indicated by _______.

Label A

The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by _______.

Label B

The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ______.

Label C

The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ______.

Label D

The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by _______.

Label E

The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by ______.

Label E

The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by _______.

Label F

The thymus is indicated by ______.

Label F

The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by _______.

Label G

The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by _______.

Label H

The pancreas is indicated by _______.

Label H

The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by ______.

Label I

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by _______.

Label J

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in _________.

Cushing's syndrome

Catecholamines are released by the ______.

adrenal medulla

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called _______.

androgens

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the _______.

anterior pituitary gland

Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood vessel diameter and blood pressure?

antidiuretic hormon (ADH)

ALcohol inhibits the secretion of _______.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Alcohol suppresses the production of this hormone, _______, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes _______.

are protein hormones

A hormone produced by the heart, known as _______, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called _______.

beta cells

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are _______.

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________.

catalyze cyclic AMP

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?

cellular mutations occur

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age and shows signs of mental retardation. What disorder do you suspect?

cretinism

Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of the catecholamine release?

decreased blood pressure

Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are the three cardinal signs of a disease known as _______.

diabetes mellitus

The thyroid gland is located _______.

directly below the Adam's apple

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

endocrine system

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of _________.

epinephrine

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine

Which hormones regulate the female's menstrual cycle?

estrogen and progesterone

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is _______.

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.

glucocorticoids

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ______ and _______, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.

growth hormone; prolactin

Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following does NOT match her signs or symptoms?

high blood pressure and edema

The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ______.

hormonal

Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called ______.

hormonal stimulus

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ______.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone?

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.

insulin

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?

insulin

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as _______ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as _______.

insulin; glucagon

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is ________.

iodine

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone?

maintenance of pregnancy

A hormone called _______ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle.

melatonin

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is _______.

melatonin

The pineal gland produces ________.

melatonin

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?

moon face

Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone?

oxytocin

Calcitonin is made by the ______ cells of the thyroid gland.

parafollicular

Where is calcitonin made?

parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the _______.

parathyroid glands

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to _______.

pituitary dwarfism

The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ______.

pituitary gland

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mother's breasts?

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to _______.

reabsorb sodium

Glucocorticoids do all the following EXCEPT ________.

regulate salt content of the blood

Most hormones are ______.

released upon stimulation by other hormones

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________.

renin

Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of _______ and _______ ions in our blood.

sodium; potassium

Testosterone can be categorized as a(n) ________ hormone.

steroid

Prostaglandins are _______.

steroid hormones

Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

stimulate growth of facial hair

Tropic hormones ________.

stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

The hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is _______.

testosterone

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using _______.

the second-messenger system

T/F All hormones can arouse and bring about changes in all cells of the human body.

False

T/F Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are produced by the parathyroid glands.

False

T/F Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of insulin.

False

T/F Growth hormone controls the rate at which glucose is oxidized and converted to body heat and chemical energy (ATP).

False

T/F Releasing and inhibiting hormones made by the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary.

False

T/F Antidiuretic hormone inhibits urine production and promotes water reabsorption by the kidney.

True

T/F Antidiuretic hormone promotes sodium and water retention.

True

T/F Calcitonin is antagonistic to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the regulation of blood calcium concentration.

True

T/F Hormones that are secreted in response to other hormones are prodded by hormonal stimuli.

True

T/F Mineralocorticoids help regulate both water and electrolyte balance in body fluids.

True

T/F Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.

True

T/F Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are made and released from the posterior pituitary.

True

T/F Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the most important regulator of blood calcium concentration.

True

T/F The adrenal cortex makes corticosteroids.

True

T/F The adrenal glands are similar to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue.

True

T/F The hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are made by the hypothalamus.

True

T/F The study of hormones and endocrine organs is known as immunology.

True

T/F The target tissue of prolactin is the female breast.

True

T/F Thyroid hormone is actually two iodine-containing hormones called T3 and T4.

True

T/F Thyroid hormone targets all cells of the body.

True

T/F Thyroxine is produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

True

A hormone called ______ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells.

thymosin

The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is _______.

thymosin

The target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the _______ gland.

thyroid

The body's major metabolic hormone is called _______.

thyroid hormone

Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine?

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)


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