Biology 210: Chapter 9 The Endocrine System Study Guide
Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are sign and symptoms of _______.
Addison's disease
The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by _______.
Label A
The pineal gland is indicated by _______.
Label A
The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by _______.
Label B
The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ______.
Label C
The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ______.
Label D
The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by _______.
Label E
The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by ______.
Label E
The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by _______.
Label F
The thymus is indicated by ______.
Label F
The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by _______.
Label G
The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by _______.
Label H
The pancreas is indicated by _______.
Label H
The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by ______.
Label I
The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by _______.
Label J
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in _________.
Cushing's syndrome
Catecholamines are released by the ______.
adrenal medulla
Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called _______.
androgens
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the _______.
anterior pituitary gland
Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood vessel diameter and blood pressure?
antidiuretic hormon (ADH)
ALcohol inhibits the secretion of _______.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Alcohol suppresses the production of this hormone, _______, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes _______.
are protein hormones
A hormone produced by the heart, known as _______, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called _______.
beta cells
Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are _______.
calcitonin and thyroid hormone
Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________.
catalyze cyclic AMP
Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?
cellular mutations occur
Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age and shows signs of mental retardation. What disorder do you suspect?
cretinism
Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of the catecholamine release?
decreased blood pressure
Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are the three cardinal signs of a disease known as _______.
diabetes mellitus
The thyroid gland is located _______.
directly below the Adam's apple
Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?
endocrine system
The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of _________.
epinephrine
Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine
Which hormones regulate the female's menstrual cycle?
estrogen and progesterone
The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is _______.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.
glucocorticoids
The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ______ and _______, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.
growth hormone; prolactin
Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following does NOT match her signs or symptoms?
high blood pressure and edema
The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ______.
hormonal
Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called ______.
hormonal stimulus
Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ______.
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.
insulin
Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?
insulin
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as _______ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as _______.
insulin; glucagon
The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is ________.
iodine
Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone?
maintenance of pregnancy
A hormone called _______ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle.
melatonin
The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is _______.
melatonin
The pineal gland produces ________.
melatonin
Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?
moon face
Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone?
oxytocin
Calcitonin is made by the ______ cells of the thyroid gland.
parafollicular
Where is calcitonin made?
parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the _______.
parathyroid glands
Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to _______.
pituitary dwarfism
The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ______.
pituitary gland
Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mother's breasts?
prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to _______.
reabsorb sodium
Glucocorticoids do all the following EXCEPT ________.
regulate salt content of the blood
Most hormones are ______.
released upon stimulation by other hormones
The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________.
renin
Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of _______ and _______ ions in our blood.
sodium; potassium
Testosterone can be categorized as a(n) ________ hormone.
steroid
Prostaglandins are _______.
steroid hormones
Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
stimulate growth of facial hair
Tropic hormones ________.
stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
The hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is _______.
testosterone
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using _______.
the second-messenger system
T/F All hormones can arouse and bring about changes in all cells of the human body.
False
T/F Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are produced by the parathyroid glands.
False
T/F Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of insulin.
False
T/F Growth hormone controls the rate at which glucose is oxidized and converted to body heat and chemical energy (ATP).
False
T/F Releasing and inhibiting hormones made by the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary.
False
T/F Antidiuretic hormone inhibits urine production and promotes water reabsorption by the kidney.
True
T/F Antidiuretic hormone promotes sodium and water retention.
True
T/F Calcitonin is antagonistic to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the regulation of blood calcium concentration.
True
T/F Hormones that are secreted in response to other hormones are prodded by hormonal stimuli.
True
T/F Mineralocorticoids help regulate both water and electrolyte balance in body fluids.
True
T/F Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.
True
T/F Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are made and released from the posterior pituitary.
True
T/F Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the most important regulator of blood calcium concentration.
True
T/F The adrenal cortex makes corticosteroids.
True
T/F The adrenal glands are similar to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue.
True
T/F The hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are made by the hypothalamus.
True
T/F The study of hormones and endocrine organs is known as immunology.
True
T/F The target tissue of prolactin is the female breast.
True
T/F Thyroid hormone is actually two iodine-containing hormones called T3 and T4.
True
T/F Thyroid hormone targets all cells of the body.
True
T/F Thyroxine is produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
True
A hormone called ______ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells.
thymosin
The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is _______.
thymosin
The target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the _______ gland.
thyroid
The body's major metabolic hormone is called _______.
thyroid hormone
Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine?
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
