CIS240

The closer the points on a scatter chart fall to the trendline, the __________ between the variables.

the higher the correlation

Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of number of students enrolled and student test scores. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? - donor organization - personal fitness organization - education organization - technical support organization

education organization

Which of these typically refers to the logic or reasoning in the story or presentation? - ethos - logos - pathos - empathy

logos

The more spread out the points on a scatter chart are away from the trendline, the_______ between the variables. - Higher the correlation - Lower the correlation - more likely the correlation doesn't change. - more effective the chart is

lower correlation

Which of these hues cannot be derived from any other hues? - red - black - purple - grey

red

In a sequential color scheme, to create a gradient that represents the relative value of the variable, use the relative degree of __________.

saturation or luminance of a single hue

If a polling firm attempts to contact potential voters using only landline phone numbers, then the resulting sample is likely to be biased in terms of the age of respondents since older people are much more likely to have landline phones in their homes. This is an example of_________. - Selection bias - survivor bias - inflation - none of these choices

selection bias

Survivor bias and selection bias are related because_______ - the sample data set consists of a disproportionately large number of observations corresponding to positive outcomes for a particular event - the sample data are not representative of the population that is being studied - the sample has not been properly randomized to represent the intended population - none of these choices

the sample has not been properly randomized to represent the intended population

Which of the following is not a common mistake in data visualization design? - using wrong type of visualization - trying to display too much information - using excel default settings for charts - using 2D when 3D could be used

using 2D when 3D could be used

Which of the following is a common mistake in data dashboard design? - Creating a data dashboard that is too cluttered - Using the Gestalt principles in visualization creation - Creating a dashboard with a high data-ink ratio - Applying Freytag's Pyramid to the presentation

creating a dashboard that is too cluttered

Which type of hue is considered to be soothing, calming, and reassuring? - cool hues - warm hues - high luminance hues - low luminance hues

cool hues

Using a representative protagonist to which the audience can relate is an example of using _______ because it strengthens the _______ attachment with the audience. - pathos; emotional - logos; logical - ethos; credible -BAN; understanding

pathos; emotional

Due to the difficulty most people have in estimating relative differences in two-dimensional size, it is generally not recommended to use a __________. - pie chart - bar chart - scatter chart - control chart

pie chart

In most cases, dual-axis charts are __________.

difficult for audiences to interpret

Decluttering can be achieved by all of the following EXCEPT: - using a legend to identify color coding - eliminating all grid lines - removing redundant information - decreasing the saturation

eliminating all grid lines

Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of campaign status, cash flow, and contributions. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? - donor organization - personal fitness organization - law enforcement organization - technical support organization

donor organization

A good way to provide a sense of scale to the audience for large numbers is to use a __________.

dot matrix

A feature that provides the user with more specific and detailed information on a particular element, variable, or KPI is referred to as __________. - pivoting - data mining - drilling down - a time interval widget

drilling down

Which chart type is most appropriate to visualize the relationship between two quantitative variables? - column chart - pie chart - bar chart - scatter chart

scatter chart

A pattern in time series data that recurs periodically over a regular time interval refers to_________. - seasonality - trend - cross-sectionality - correlation

seasonality

The difference in a variable measured over observations is called __________. - variation - a population - a frequency distribution - perception

variation

Which type of hue evokes energy, passion, and danger? - color hues - warm hues - high luminance hues - low luminance hues

warm hues

What occurs when a sample data set consists of a disproportionately large number of observations corresponding to positive outcomes for a particular event?

survivor bias

Dashboards that are typically used by mid-level managers to identify and assess the organization's strengths and weaknesses in support of the development of organizational strategies are referred to as __________.

tactical dashboards

The rate at which time series data are displayed in a chart refers to __________.

temporal frequency

Excel's Data Validation tool can be used to control what a user can enter into a cell, limiting ___________. - the ability to create data errors from manual entries - miscalibration of sensors that automatically collect data - biased data - none of these choices

the ability to create data errors from manual entries

Aspect ratio is ratio of the________. - width of a chart to the height of a chart - data ink to total ink used in a chart - data ink to white space in a chart - range of one variable to the range of another

width of a chart to the height of a chart

What is the arithmetic mean (rounded to two decimal places) in the following table on the variable score? Student ID Score R304110 0.98 R304003 0.88 R102234 0.65 R209939 0.92

0.86

A researcher wants to calculate the width of each interval by using the approximation formula. He first created a frequency distribution with 5 bins. The minimum and maximum for the variable are −32.40 and 65.42, respectfully. Calculate the width of each interval for the researcher. - 13.084 - 6.604 - 19.564 - -19.56

19.564

Which of these is a poor graphing technique? - Necessary chart titles - Labeled axis scales - 3D bar charts - Color choices that are appropriate for colorblind individuals

3D bar charts

Freytag's Pyramid divides a story into what five distinct elements? - Introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion - Introduction, action, climax, reaction, and conclusion - Introduction, initiation, response, recovery, and conclusion - Introduction, problem, conflict, resolution, and conclusion

Introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion

Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of current price, recent rate of return, and relative rate of risk of the portfolio. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? - investment organization - manufacturing organization - marketing organization - human resources organization

Investment organization

If there are a relatively small number of observations with missing values, discarding the observations with missing values may be a good choice if a variable has observations for which the missing values are _________.

MCAR

A dashboard that does not allow users to customize the data dashboard display is referred to as a(n) ________. - Noninteractive Dashboard - interactive dashboard - static dashboard - dynamic dashboard

Noninteractive Dashboard

Which of the following is a common mistake in data dashboard design? - Not considering the reason the organization wants to develop a data dashboard - using the gestalt principles in visualization creation - creating a dashboard with a high data-ink ratio - applying freytag's pyramid to the presentation

Not considering the reason the organization wants to develop a data dashboard

An interactive Excel chart that allows the user to interact with the data by applying filters to select various aspects of the data is referred to as a __________. - slicer - pivotchart - dashboard - pivottable

PivotChart

The data dashboard for a university foundation officer may include KPIs related to ______. - Sales by region - potential donors - the current financial standing of the company - the crime rate in different neighborhoods.

Potential donors

What three hues cannot be mixed or formed by any combination of other hues?

Red, green, and blue

A feature that allows the user to tailor the dashboard to specific needs is referred to as ________.

a customization tool

Dashboards that are typically used by analysts to identify and investigate trends, predict outcomes, and discover insights in large volumes of data are referred to as___________. - analytical dashboards - strategic dashboards - tactical dashboards - operational dashboards

analytical dashboards

Which chart type is most appropriate to summarize data about categories? - bubble chart - histogram - bar chart - scatter chart

bar chart

The two types of charts that are helpful in making comparisons between categorical variables are _______. - bar charts and scatter charts - scatter charts and line charts - bar charts and column charts - column charts and line charts

bar charts and column charts

A graphical summary of the distribution of data developed from the quartiles of a set of values is a(n)_________. - scatter chart - box and whisker chart - frequency polygon - interquartile range

box and whisker chart

In order to visualize three variables in a two-dimensional graph, we use a __________.

bubble chart

A common mistake made by novice presenters is to present all the analysis that has been done for a project in the_________. - chronological order - freytag's pyramid order - reverse order - none of these choices

chronological order

The property of an object that results from the way the object reflects or emits light is __________. - color - shape - radiance - perception

color

Blue symbolizes masculinity in Europe and North America and femininity in China, which is an example of_________. - color psychology - color symbolism - color perception - color analysis

color symbolism

People associate green with envy in the United States, but yellow symbolizes envy to the French and Germans, which is an example of________. - color psychology - color symbolism - color perception - color analysis

color symbolism

The cultural meanings and significance associated with color refers to_____________. - color psychology - colorology - data visualization - color symbolism

color symbolism

The process of using summary statistics and visualization to gain an understanding of the data, including the identification of patterns refers to __________. - data cleansing - exploratory data analysis - data visualization - descriptive statistics analysis

exploratory data analysis

Which values were observed and how often those values appear in the data being analyzed describes the______. - variation of a variable - population of a variable - frequency distribution of a variable - sample of a variable

frequency distribution of a variable

A visualization tool useful for comparing multiple distributions, particularly for quantitative variables, is a __________.

frequency polygon

It may be useful to use more sophisticated charts that provide additional details and insight for audiences that have __________.

high comfort with analytics

Which of these attributes is the base of a color? - hue - saturation - luminance - perception

hue

A respondent dropping out of a study before its completion is an example of __________.

illegitimately missing data

a scatter chart_______. - has to do with electron scatter - is a graph of paired x and y values - must be linear - is a frequency graph of x values

is a graph of paired x and y values

The stage of climax in Freytag's Pyramid _______.

is where the audience is exposed to the major conflict in the story

A third variable associated with two variables being studied that results in a correlation between the two variables, falsely implying a causal relationship between the pair, is a(n) _________. - lurking variable - response variable - independent variable - dependent variable

lurking variable

The process of ensuring data are accurate and consistent through the identification and correction of errors and missing values refers to __________.

data cleansing

The data dashboard for a marketing manager may include KPIs related to__________. - sales by region - potential donors - the current financial standing of the company - the crime rate in different neighborhoods

sales by region

We collect data from a subset of the population known as a_________. - random variable - bin - frequency distribution - sample

sample

In a data visualization, most experts agree that text fonts should be _______ instead of _________. - sans-serif; serif - serif; sans-serif - larger; smaller - bold;italic

sans-serif;serif

A tabular summary of the statistical measure of a variable of interest with respect to two or more (typically categorical) variables is called a(n)________. - crosstabulation - univariate analysis - box plot - predictive analysis

crosstabulation

The process of increasing the data-ink ratio in charts is also known as______. - white spacing - decluttering - desaturating - erasing

decluttering

What kind of chart makes use of a secondary axis to represent one of the variables so that both variables can be shown on the same chart? - Dual-axis chart - multidimensional chart - condensed chart - Bi-axis chart

dual-axis chart

The ability to understand and share in the feelings of others refers to __________.

empathy

Which Gestalt principle states that objects that are physically enclosed together are seen as belonging to the same group?

enclosure

Which of these represents the ability to show credibility in a story to your audience? - Ethos - Logos - Pathos - Empathy

ethos

The first goal in effective storytelling is to ensure we understand __________.

our audience

Missing Not at Random (MNAR) is_______

missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value of a variable is related to the missing value

Which of these is the only meaningful measure of the central location for a categorical variable? - mean - median - mode - variance

mode

Dashboards that are typically used by lower-level managers to monitor rapidly changing critical conditions are referred to as _______. - analytical dashboards - strategic dashboards - tactical dashboards - operational dashboards

operational dashboards

Connecting with the audience using emotion refers to the idea of __________. - pathos - storytelling - logos - ethos

pathos

Using examples of individuals rather than just talking about aggregate statistics, using pictures in your data visualizations, and creating context for large numerical values are all efforts to appeal to the audience using__________. - Ethos - Logos - Pathos - Movement

pathos

Which of these refers to connecting with the audience using emotion? - Ethos - Logos - Pathos - Empathy

pathos

A vertical or horizontal arrangement of individual charts of the same type, size, scale, and formatting that differ only by the data they display is a_________. - Frequency polygon - scatter chart - histogram - pie chart

pie chart

What can be used in a data visualization to tell a story about the data?

preattentive attributes

Quantitative scales refer to the___________. - range of quantitative values along the horizontal and vertical axes in a chart - number of categories in a categorical variable - width and height of a chart - range of one variable to the range of another

range of quantitative values along the horizontal and vertical axes in a chart

Quality control is an important issue at a manufacturing company, which manufactures Product Z. To test the lifetime of Product Z, the company randomly sampled nine products and measured how many days they lasted (mean = 346.6).378, 361, 350, 375, 200, 391, 375, 368, 321 What is the standard deviation? - 342 - 191 - 58.5 - 10.609

58.5

In a statistics class, the following 10 scores were randomly selected: 74, 73, 77, 77, 71, 68, 65, 77, 67, 66. What is the mode? (mode is the number repeated the most)

77

A noninteractive data dashboard is appropriate when the_______. - data do no change frequently - data change frequently - user wants to drill down and filter the data - organization's KPIs change rapidly

Data do not change frequently

A chart that has a higher data-ink ratio and more white space - is more difficult for the audience to interpret - is easier for the audience to interpret - has no effect on how the audience interprets it - is less visually appealing

is easier for the audience to interpret

Data-ink is the ink used that__________. - gives color to a chart or table - serves no useful purpose in conveying the data to the audience - is necessary to convey the meaning of the data to the audience - cannot be black and white

is necessary to convey the meaning of the data to the audience

A dynamic dashboard would be appropriate for an organization when __________.

its KPIs change rapidly

A value a manager uses to operate and maintain their businesses effectively and efficiently is referred to as a_____. - A key performance indicator - data dashboard - trellis display - matrix

key performance indicator

Which of these is not a poor graphing technique? - geographic information - labeled axis scales - 3D bar charts - rotated axis

labeled axis scales

Presenting a clear argument on how the data and the analysis being presented to help the audience make better decisions is a way to create what with your audience?

logos

A simple alternative to using a dual-axis chart is to______. -use a frequency table for each variable instead - make the axes contrasting colors - replace the dual-axis chart with two charts where each variable is shown on a different chart - none of these choices

replace the dual-axis chart with two charts where each variable is shown on a different chart

What occurs when data are drawn from a sample that has not been properly randomized to represent the intended population?

selection bias

Non-data-ink is the ink used that_________. - gives color to a chart or table - serves no useful purpose in conveying the data to the audience - is necessary to convey the meaning of the data to the audience

serves no useful purpose in conveying the data to the audience

The change over time of a single variable for multiple entities by connecting pairs of data points for each entity refers to a ________. - slope chart - pie chart - heat map - stacked horizontal bar chart

slope chart

Which of the following is useful when you have two time periods or points of comparison and want to quickly show relative increases and decreases or differences across various categories between the two data points? - slope chart - pie chart - heat map - stacked horizontal bar chart

slope chart

Debra would like to create a graph to display the number of males and females in her class who scored an A, B, C, D, or F on the last test. Which of the following types of graph should she use? - stacked column chart - scatter chart - pie chart - heat map

stacked column chart

A dashboard that provides information on an organization's KPIs that may periodically be updated manually as new data and information are collected is referred to as a __________.

static dashboard

A simple visual organization of the main points of the story used to provide structure of the narrative that you intend to create for the audience is called a_______. - storyboard - trellis board - matrix - none of these choices

storyboard

Studies of market performance often exclude companies that collapse and only focus on successful businesses. This can distort statistics and make success seem more probable than it truly is. This is an example of __________. - selection bias - survivor bias - inflation - none of these choices are correct

survivor bias

Which Excel tool works in the same way as a slicer, but works exclusively with date fields? - Timeline - Drill down - developer - data formula

timeline

Examining one column of a data set and focusing on the distribution of a variable's values is called __________. - univariate analysis - column analysis - exploratory data analysis - predictive analysis

univariate analysis

Composition is _______. - what makes up the whole of an entity under consideration - the relative order of items - how two variables are related to one another - how items are dispersed

what makes up the whole of an entity under consideration

When the number of variables (columns) is large, the data are referred to as________. - wide data - tall data - big da

wide data