CIS4361 Chapter 1

A famous study entitled "Protection Analysis: Final Report" was published in ____.

1978

The ____________________ phase consists primarily of assessments of the organization, its current systems, and its capability to support the proposed systems.

Analysis

____ is the predecessor to the Internet.

Arpanet

____ of information is the quality or state of being genuine or original.

Authenticity

____________________ of information is the quality or state of being genuine or original, rather than a reproduction or fabrication.

Authenticity

____________________ enables authorized users — persons or computer systems — to access information without interference or obstruction and to receive it in the required format.

Availability

The CNSS model of information security evolved from a concept developed by the computer security industry known as the ____________________ triangle.

CIA

The ____ is the individual primarily responsible for the assessment, management, and implementation of information security in the organization.

CISO

During the ____________________ War, many mainframes were brought online to accomplish more complex and sophisticated tasks so it became necessary to enable the mainframes to communicate via a less cumbersome process than mailing magnetic tapes between computer centers.

Cold

A(n) _________________________ is a group of individuals who are united by similar interests or values within an organization and who share a common goal of helping the organization to meet its objectives.

Community of Interest

The history of information security begins with the history of ____________________ security.

Computer

In an organization, the value of ____________________ of information is especially high when it involves personal information about employees, customers, or patients.

Confidentiality

Which of the following is a valid type of data ownership?

Data Users, Data Owners and Data Custodians

A(n) ____ attack is a hacker using a personal computer to break into a system.

Direct

A(n) ____________________ information security policy outlines the implementation of a security program within the organization.

Enterprise

A breach of possession always results in a breach of confidentiality.

False

A champion is a project manager, who may be a departmental line manager or staff unit manager, and understands project management, personnel management, and information security technical requirements.

False

An e-mail virus involves sending an e-mail message with a modified field.

False

Applications systems developed within the framework of the traditional SDLC are designed to anticipate a software attack that requires some degree of application reconstruction.

False

Direct attacks originate from a compromised system or resource that is malfunctioning or working under the control of a threat.

False

Hardware is often the most valuable asset possessed by an organization and it is the main target of intentional attacks.

False

In general, protection is "the quality or state of being secure—to be free from danger."

False

Information has redundancy when it is free from mistakes or errors and it has the value that the end user expects.

False

Information security can be an absolute.

False

Key end users should be assigned to a developmental team, known as the united application development team.

False

MULTICS stands for Multiple Information and Computing Service.

False

Network security focuses on the protection of the details of a particular operation or series of activities.

False

Policies are written instructions for accomplishing a specific task.

False

Risk evaluation is the process of identifying, assessing, and evaluating the levels of risk facing the organization, specifically the threats to the organization's security and to the information stored and processed by the organization.

False

The Analysis phase of the SecSDLC begins with a directive from upper management.

False

The Security Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a methodology for the design and implementation of an information system.

False

The bottom-up approach to information security has a higher probability of success than the top-down approach.

False

The implementation phase is the longest and most expensive phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC).

False

The physical design is the blueprint for the desired solution.

False

The possession of information is the quality or state of having value for some purpose or end.

False

When a computer is the subject of an attack, it is the entity being attacked.

False

An information system is the entire set of ____, people, procedures, and networks that make possible the use of information resources in the organization.

Hardware, Software, Data

In file hashing, a file is read by a special algorithm that uses the value of the bits in the file to compute a single large number called a ____ value.

Hash

Part of the logical design phase of the SecSDLC is planning for partial or catastrophic loss. ____ dictates what steps are taken when an attack occurs.

Incidence Response

The senior technology officer is typically the chief ____________________ officer.

Information

Information has ____________________ when it is whole, complete, and uncorrupted.

Integrity

____ was the first operating system to integrate security as its core functions.

MULTICS

Which of the following phases is the longest and most expensive phase of the systems development life cycle?

Maintenance and Change

A(n) ____________________ is a formal approach to solving a problem by means of a structured sequence of procedures.

Methodology

____ presents a comprehensive information security model and has become a widely accepted evaluation standard for the security of information systems.

NSTISSI No. 4011

The Internet brought connectivity to virtually all computers that could reach a phone line or an Internet-connected local area ____________________.

Network

A computer is the ____________________ of an attack when it is the target entity.

Object

During the early years, information security was a straightforward process composed predominantly of ____________________ security and simple document classification schemes.

Physical

____ security addresses the issues necessary to protect the tangible items, objects, or areas of an organization from unauthorized access and misuse.

Physical

During the ____ phase, specific technologies are selected to support the alternatives identified and evaluated in the logical design.

Physical Design

The ____________________ of information is the quality or state of ownership or control of some object or item.

Possession

A frequently overlooked component of an IS, ____________________ are written instructions for accomplishing a specific task.

Procedures

The ____ is a methodology for the design and implementation of an information system in an organization.

SDLC

Organizations are moving toward more ____-focused development approaches, seeking to improve not only the functionality of the systems they have in place, but consumer confidence in their product.

Security

The ____________________ component of the IS comprises applications, operating systems, and assorted command utilities.

Software

____________________ carries the lifeblood of information through an organization.

Software

A computer is the ____ of an attack when it is used to conduct the attack.

Subject

People with the primary responsibility for administering the systems that house the information used by the organization perform the ____ role.

System Administrator

The most successful kind of top-down approach involves a formal development strategy referred to as a ____.

Systems Development life cycle

In the ____________________ approach, the project is initiated by upper-level managers who issue policy, procedures and processes, dictate the goals and expected outcomes, and determine accountability for each required action.

Top-Down

A data custodian works directly with data owners and is responsible for the storage, maintenance, and protection of the information.

True

A(n) project team should consist of a number of individuals who are experienced in one or multiple facets of the technical and nontechnical areas.

True

Confidentiality ensures that only those with the rights and privileges to access information are able to do so.

True

Hardware is the physical technology that houses and executes the software, stores and transports the data, and provides interfaces for the entry and removal of information from the system.

True

In information security, salami theft occurs when an employee steals a few pieces of information at a time, knowing that taking more would be noticed — but eventually the employee gets something complete or useable.

True

Information security can begin as a grassroots effort in which systems administrators attempt to improve the security of their systems, which is often referred to as a bottom-up approach.

True

Of the two approaches to information security implementation, the top-down approach has a higher probability of success.

True

Recently, many states have implemented legislation making certain computer-related activities illegal.

True

The investigation phase of the SecSDLC begins with a directive from upper management.

True

The primary threats to security during the early years of computers were physical theft of equipment, espionage against the products of the systems, and sabotage.

True

The roles of information security professionals are aligned with the goals and mission of the information security community of interest.

True

The value of information comes from the characteristics it possesses.

True

To achieve balance — that is, to operate an information system that satisfies the user and the security professional — the security level must allow reasonable access, yet protect against threats.

True

Using a methodology increases the probability of success.

True

The ____ model consists of six general phases.

Waterfall