civics chapter 9 judicial branch
brief
a written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case
name the three types of federal courts from lowest to highest...?
1.District 2.US Court of Appeals 3.US Supreme Court
name the two types of cases
1.civil 2.criminal
what are the two main jobs of the judicial branch?
1.ensures that laws are enforced fairly 2.interprets the laws
name the four ways that someone can no longer be a Supreme Court justice...?
1.resign 2.die 3.impeached 4.retire
explain how someone is selected and approved for the Supreme Court...?
2 steps... 1.the president submits a name to te senators 2. the senators decide to accept or object the candidate with the majority vote
how many supreme court justices must agree to hear a case?
4
how many Supreme Court justices must be present on vote on a case?
6
how many Supreme Court justices are there?
9
how long is the Supreme Court term?
9 months
jurisdiction
courts authority to hear and decide cases
what power allows the Supreme Court to determine if something is constitutional?
judicial review
how long do Supreme Court justices serve for?
life
what kinds of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have?
limited original and appellate
duel court system
made up of both state and federal courts
whose job is it to do most of a federal court judges routine work?
magistrate judge
what vote is needed by the Supreme Court to rule on a case?
majority
ruling
official decision by a judge or court that settles a case and may also establish the meaning of a law
litigant
one of the parties involved in a lawsuit
subpoena
order that requires a person to appear in court
what kind of jurisdiction does a district court have?
original
explain what original jurisdiction is and how it is different from appellate jurisdiction...?
original jurisdiction is the authority of a court to hear cases for the first time, while appellate jurisdiction is the authority to hear a case appealed from a lower court
judicial review
power to the Supreme Court to say whether any federal, state, or local law, or government action goes against the constitution
stare decisis
practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases
tenure
right to hold an office once a person is confirmed
precedent
ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision, in a later, similar case
what courts decisions cannot be appealed?
the Supreme Court
nullify
to cancel legally
dissenting opinion
when a justice disagrees with the majority and presents their own opinion
concurring opinion
when a justice votes with the majority, but for different reasons than the others
unanimous opinion
when all the justices agree on a ruling
what president ignored a Supreme Court to rule on a case?
Andrew Jackson
what is the leader of the Supreme Court called?
Chief Justice
what court is the only kind that has trials and juries?
District
what court case established the power of judicial review?
Murberry v. madison
whose job is to prosecute people that break the federal law?
US attorney
whose job is it to protect jurors and deliver subpoenas?
US marshal
docket
a courts calendar showing the schedule of cases in a period of time
caseload
a judges or courts workload of cases in a period of time
writ of certiorari
an order a higher court issues to a lower court to obtain the records of the lower court in a particular case
what kind of jurisdiction does and appeals court have?
appellate
what part of the constitution created the Supreme Court?
article 3
the Judiciary Act of 1789 gave who the power to create lower courts?
congress
opinion
detailed explanation of the legal thinking behind a courts decision in a case
explain what exclusive jurisdiction is and how it is different from concurrent jurisdiction...?
exclusive jurisdiction is the authority of only federal courts to hear and decide cases, while concurrent jurisdiction is the authority of both state and federal courts to hear and decide cases
in what month does the Supreme Court term begin?
first Monday in October
