Civil War

Step three of the Anaconda Plan

Capture Richmond, Virginia - the capital of the Confederacy, and destroy the rebel government.

What terms did Grant offer Lee when he surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse?

Confederate troops could go home if they promised to stop fighting. They were allowed to keep their horses and mules, which would be needed for spring planting. Officers could keep their swords and weapons. Grant ordered that food be sent to Lee's army.

What hardships did civil war soldiers face in combat?

Death tolls were staggeringly high. Rifles, cannons, and artillery made it easy to kill from a distance. Inadequate medical attention meant soldiers frequently died from their wounds. Diseases also spread throughout the camps, killing huge numbers of soldiers.

Step two of the Anaconda Plan

Divide the South into sections so that one rebel region could not help another.

What impacts did the Emancipation Proclamation have?

Freed very few slaves but changed the war from a battle for peace to a battle to end slavery. Southern slaves began to run away to join union armies.

How was the civil war different from wars in the past?

It was the first modern war, using technologies of the Industrial Revolution such as railroads, the telegraph, and iron-clad ships. It introduced the concept of total war—war between entire societies, not just armies. It devastated the economy and environment of the South for generations. It ended slavery in the United States. It affirmed that the United States was a single nation, not a collection of sovereign states.

How did the Civil war end?

Lee surrendered at Appomattox

Why was the Battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point in the Civil War?

Lee, who hoped a victory in this northern city would convince the Union to ask for peace, lost one third of his army during the battle. Afterward, he withdrew to Virginia and conducted only a defensive war on southern soil.

Why were so many Northerners surprised at the outcome of the Battle of Bull Run?

Northerners expected a quick victory and an early end to the war. Instead, the Confederates defeated the Union troops and drove them back to Washington.

What problems developed on the Union home front during the war?

On the home front,"Copperheads" opposed the war, believing peace was more important than preserving the Union. Other opponents were sympathetic to the Confederate cause. The draft forced men to fight in the war, and riots broke out as some of them protested.

What was important about the Battle of Antietam?

Robert E. Lee hoped that a victory at Antietam would convince Maryland to join the Confederacy and encourage European nations to support the South. His defeat at Antietam prevented him from accomplishing these objectives.

Step one of the Anaconda Plan

Surround the South by Land and Sea to cut off trade.

Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg important?

The Union victory at Vicksburg meant that the Union controlled traffic on the Mississippi River, and that the South was divided.

How did women participate in the civil war?

Women ran farms and business, worked in factories, and became teachers and government workers. They also served in the military as nurses, messengers,guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers,and spies.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

a formal order issued by Lincoln in 1863 declaring that slaves in all Confederate states were to be free.

Weaknesses of Davis

didn't enjoy politics, couldn't form a strong single nation in the south

Disadvantages of the south

economy couldn't support a war, less people, few factories for weapons, transportation problems, horses and mules were in short supply, paper money value dropped · food shortages, ports were blocked so they couldn't trade

Advantages of the south

great military leadership, fought a defensive war in their own territory, people were motivated for liberty, honor, and traditions

Disadvantages of the north

military leadership (most either resigned or were too old), had to travel to the South to fight (offensive war)

Advantages of the north

more people/soldiers, more manufacturing, more farms to provide food for the troops, North had more railroads so they could easily get to battle sites, they had more banks and wealth, Lincoln as their leader

Weaknesses of Lincoln

only one year of schooling, little military experience

Strengths of Lincoln

perseverance, craved knowledge, patient, tolerable of others, good political leadership, never wavered from his goal of saving the union

Strengths of Davis

perseverance, military background, devoted to the secessionist cause

What did General Grant mean by total war?

to wage war on the enemyʼs will to fight and ability to support an army.