CJ 2 MIDTERM
The ________ states that the nonaggressor is not required to retreat from their home.
CASTLE DOCTRINE
________ law developed in England by judges who wrote down their decisions and circulated them to other judges.
COMMON
Reckless driving is an example of a ________ crime.
CONDUCT
Crimes that are complete when the criminal act and criminal intent concur are known as:
CONDUCT CRIMES
The defense of ________ involves the victim consenting to physical contact or activity with the defendant.
CONSENT
An agreement to commit a crime is known as a(n):
CONSPIRACY
If George pushes Gary, who cannot swim, into a lake; Gary struggles and cries out for help; and George fails to assist, George can be guilty of a crime. Which omission would satisfy the actus reus requirement specific to George's situation?
CREATION OF PERIL
________ specifies what kinds of behavior are illegal, what punishments are available for dealing with offenders, and what defenses can be invoked by individuals who find themselves on the wrong side of the law.
CRIMINAL LAW
Which justification defense argues that a person is justified using force to protect another from the unlawful use of force by an aggressor?
DEFENSE OF OTHERS
________ evidence is evidence that proves a fact without the need of the jury to infer anything from it.
DIRECT
Some states expressly forbid this defense for homicide cases.
DURESS
This defense is one of the only defenses that calls into question law enforcement's role in the instigation of crime.
ENTRAPMENT
A ________ is a crime punishable by death or confinement in prison for more than 12 months.
FELONY
Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution addresses the issue of double jeopardy?
FIFTH
This type of intent is the intent to commit the actus reus or criminal act of the crime only.
GENERAL
A(n) ________ defense is a defense that results in the defendant being convicted of a lesser crime, but does not result in an acquittal.
IMPERFECT
Which element of attempt to commit a crime shows mens rea?
INTENT TO COMMIT A CRIME
Self-defense is an example of a(n) ________ defense.
JUSTIFICATION
With ________ defenses, the defendant accepts responsibility for the act he or she is charged with, but argues that the act was permissible under the circumstances.
JUSTIFICATION
The mistake of ________ is when a defendant claims to misunderstand or misinterpret the law as it applies to the specific circumstances.
LAW
This is an insanity test that focuses on the defendant's ability to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct based on a mental disease or defect.
M'NAGHTEN TEST
An act that is wrong or evil in itself
MALUM IN SE
Which is NOT one of the three basic elements to criminal liability?
MALUM PROHIBITUM
If Leroy offers Bubba $100 and says, "I'll let you keep this if you blow up Cletus's trailer," then he has satisfied the ________ element of solicitation.
MENS REA
Temporal concurrence means that the ________ must accompany the ________ in time.
MENS REA ACTUS REUS
A ________ is a crime punishable by a fine or a period of incarceration of less than 12 months.
MISDEMEANOR
This doctrine states that an individual encouraging or assisting a crime can be liable not only for the original crime, but for any other offenses that are the natural and probable consequences of the crime.
NATURAL AND PROBABLE CONSEQUENCES DOCTRINE
This defense justifies certain types of criminal activity when it cannot be avoided.
NECESSITY
In the criminal law context, the burden of ________ falls on the prosecutor to establish the defendant's guilty.
PROOF
These crimes are offenses that are not complete without actual harm.
RESULT
This theory of punishment looks to the past and not the future, and rests solely on the foundations of vindictive justice.
RETRIBUTION
An offer to commit a crime is known as a(n):
SOLICITATION
This test is used under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment for classifications based on race.
STRICT SCRUTINY
Identify the subjective component of self-defense.
THE DEFENDANTS BELIEF THAT HE OR SHE WAS JUSTIFIED UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES
In helping to decide what a reasonable police officer would do, specific to deadly force, courts need to consider three factors. Which is NOT one of the three factors?
THE SPAN OF THE CRIME
________ actions are brought by victims to compensate for their injuries. The compensation is usually financial.
TORT
The highest court in the federal system is the:
U.S. SUPREME COURT
This liability is criminal liability for the acts of another person.
VICARIOUS LIABILITY
Which Amendment states "no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws"?
14
In general, children under the age of ________ are charged and adjudicated in the juvenile justice system.
18
The ________ Amendment states, in part, that the "accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state."
6
To succeed at this defense the individual must notify the principal and neutralize the effects of any assistance offered to that point.
ABANDONMENT DEFENSE
A(n) ________ is a person who helps the principal after the criminal event takes place.
ACCESSORY AFTER THE FACT
Being a(n) ________ is not quite as serious as being a(n)________, as one who assists after the crime may engage in behaviors that are far more innocuous than helping with the commission of a crime.
ACCOMPLICE ACCESSORY
The party that appeals is known as the:
APPELLANT