cj final

How many U.S Supreme court justices must vote in favor of a hearing for a case to be heard?

4

Based on the discussion in McNabb v. U.S , the standard maximum time by which a first appearance should be held has been set at how many hours after arrest?

48

The federal Speedy Trial Act allows for the dismissal of charges when a trial does NOT begin within ________ working days after indictment.

70

There are ________ federal judicial districts

94

A trial de novo occurs when _______

A case is retried on appeal

Which of the following is an exception to the hearsay rule?

A dying declaration

just deserts

A model of criminal sentencing that holds that criminal offenders deserve the punishment they receive at the hands of the law and that punishments should be appropriate to the type and severity of the crime committed. -Emphasizes retribution

social debt

A sentencing principle that holds that an offender's criminal history should objectively be taken into account in sentencing decisions.

Proportionality

A sentencing principle that holds that the severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed.

A formal writing accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony, is known as ______

An indictment

courts that have authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have ________

Appellate jurisdiction

A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear is known as a(n) ________.

Bail bond

______ evidence requires interpretation or requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates

Circumstantial

All states have a(n) ______

Court of last resort

TV shows like The People's court and Judge Judy are examples of which type of court?

Courts of limited jurisdiction

Which law limits the right to bail for violent offenders, repeat offenders and offenders that are a threat to society ?

Danger law

The defendant exercises choice in the court process in which of the following decisions?

Deciding what plea to enter

While Bob was studying in the library, his wallet was stolen. When the thief was caught, Bob opted to resolve the case informally at a _______

Dispute resolution center with volunteer mediators

______ evidence is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame

Exculpatory

What is the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given a formal notice of the charges against him?

First appearance

An indictment is filed by the _____

Grand jury

Which U.S district supreme court case established the courts authority as the final interpreter of the U.S constitution?

Marbury v. Madison

________ appeals to federal appellate courts involve major questions of law and policy where there is considerable professional disagreement amping courts

Nonconsensual

When a defendant "stands mute" at arraignment , he or she is considered to have enter which type of plea?

Not guilty

which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from it's beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts?

Original jurisdiction

Release on recognizance ______

Permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear.

A drug court is an example of a(n) _______

Problem solving court

Bob co-signed all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral to ensure he would not abscond before trial. What type of bail did Bob post?

Property bail

A defendant who is NOT indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which type of defense attorney ?

Retained counsel

The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to ______

To determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant

Which of the following is the purpose of bail?

To prevent unconvicted suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily

U.S District courts are the ______ for the federal court system

Trial courts

When is a probable cause hearing necessary?

When the arrest is made without a warrant

indeterminate sentencing

When the sentence given is a range of time ( ex: 8-10 years)

What is a hung jury?

a jury that is unable to agree on a verdict

American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as ______

adversarial system

general deterrence

attempts to discourage potential offenders from committing crime

The ______ keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judges entry to the courtroom.

bailiff

The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is ______

beyond a reasonable doubt

A(n) ______ provides information about the defendants personality , family life , business acumen, and so on, in an effort to show that the defendant is not the kind of person who would commit the crime with which he or she is charged.

character witness

During jury selection, challenges for cause ______

claim that an individual juror can not be fair or impartial

The role of the _______ is to create a record of all that occurs during a trial.

court reporter

Incapacitation

focuses on separating offenders from society to reduce opportunities for further criminality

A subpoena ________

is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court

An eyewitness who saw a crime being committed is an example of a(n) ________ witness

lay

What type of plea is most similar to a guilty plea?

nolo contendere

Joel has been sworn in as a witness in a criminal trial. When asked about the defendants whereabouts at the time of the crime, Joel deliberately lies to give the defendant an alibi. Joel's action is known as ______

perjury

restorative justice

punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offender's criminal act

Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of ________ evidence

real

A ______ jury is isolated from the public and removed from all outside influences

sequestered

The clerk of the court is responsible for _____

summoning members of the public for jury duty

What is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing?

to give the defendant the opportunity to challenge the legal basis for detention

_______ are often considered the most forgotten people in the courtroom

victims