CJUS 1100 Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

A bail bondsman's fee is usually what percentage of the set bail?

10 percent

How many federal judicial circuits are there?

13

Originally, the Supreme Court Bench was comprised of ________ justices, and today it consists of _________.

6 / 9

What percentage of court cases at the federal level are disposed of by plea bargaining?

97 percent

Who among the following is least likely to be excused from jury duty?

A person who belongs to a racial minority group

Rebecca, a witness to a bank robbery, is called by the police to identify the man behind the robbery from a group of suspects. What technique is being used in this scenario?

A police lineup

Which of the following scenarios is a justification for the public safety exception?

A police officer frisks people inside a hospital and checks their bags after receiving an anonymous call about explosives in the hospital.

Which of the following is an order to a lower court to forward the record of a case to the U.S. Supreme Court for review?

A writ of certiorari

The federal court system is responsible for the enforcement of federal codes in Civil trials Criminal trials Administrative trials All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is an internal strategy used by law enforcement to achieve professionalism according to the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics? A rigorous procedure for selecting and training new recruits A well-developed internal standard of professional behavior Formal strategies for detection and punishment of violations of professional behavior All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a court of last resort? Supreme Judicial Court Court of Appeals All of the above are courts of last resort Supreme Court

All of the above are courts of last resort

Ayden, a police officer, is involved in a drug bust. Some of the drugs seized by him went missing. He is suspected of having used some of the drugs and is asked to take a drug test. In this case, which of the following bodies would investigate this issue?

An Internal Affairs Unit

________ is a criminal proceeding where the defendant is formally charged with a crime and is asked to enter a plea.

An arraignment

Police arrest Daniel, who is suspected of having murdered his ex-girlfriend. During the first appearance at a magistrate court, Daniel and the prosecution are questioned by the judge about the crime. With the evidence gathered by the prosecutor, Daniel is officially charged with murdering his ex-girlfriend and is asked to enter a plea. Which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

Arraignment

The authority for establishing a federal court system is ______.

Article 3 of the U.S. Constitution

Which of the following defines the jurisdiction of the federal courts in the United States?

Article 3, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution

Mike is arrested for arson and admits his guilt in a state district court. He is sentenced to two years of incarceration and a fine of $5,000 by the judge. After Mike has been imprisoned, Aaron, the victim of the arson incident, requests for a retrial of the case. Aaron requests that Mike should be given a life sentence as Mike's act led to the death of his partner. The federal court dismisses the case, stating that Mike is already convicted for his act. Which of the following is Mike protected from?

Double jeopardy

Which amendment to the Constitution prohibits trying someone twice for the same crime?

Fifth Amendment

Who among the following exhibits the lazy cop syndrome?

Frank, a police officer, believes in using shock pulses on suspects to extract information as the first step of his interrogation.

A drug trafficker was arrested for transporting hundreds of pounds of marijuana throughout several western states. At his trial, the drug trafficker was sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment to make an example out of him to others to keep them from engaging in a similar crime. When considering the goals of the judge, which of the following types of punishment does this scenario illustrate?

General deterrence

________ are state courts of original jurisdiction that hear all kinds of criminal cases.

General trial courts

Who among the following is a grass eater?

Helen, a police officer, asks for a free cup of coffee from a coffee shop.

The ________ justifies the search of automobiles without a warrant when the police have probable cause to believe that a crime has occurred and delaying a search could result in the loss of evidence.

Carroll doctrine

________ is a charge against any violator of the judge's courtroom rules, authorizing the judge to impose a fine or term of imprisonment.

Contempt of court

Which of the following is true of a signature bond?

It is mainly used for minor offenses such as traffic law violations.

Which of the following is a limitation on the right to an attorney?

It is not applicable when a suspect freely provides information in a spontaneous confession.

Which of the following statements defines double jeopardy?

It is the act of trying a person twice for the same offense.

Which of the following best defines civil commitment examination?

It is the determination of whether a defendant should be released or confined to an institution for people with mental illness.

Which of the following best describes indigent defense?

It is the right to have an attorney provided free of cost by the state if a defendant cannot afford one.

Which of the following is true of the consent decree as a remedy for law enforcement misconduct?

It is used only in the most extreme cases.

Which of the following is true of plea bargaining?

It seldom involves the victim of the case.

The Supreme Court's landmark decision that established the modern power of the Supreme Court, such as its authority to review acts of Congress and the executive office and pronounce whether congressional and presidential acts were constitutional, was ___________.

Marbury v. Madison (Marbury v. Madison was the 1803 case that established the court's power of judicial review.)

Rights that provide protection from self-incrimination and confer the right to an attorney, of which citizens must be informed before police arrest and interrogation, are called _________________.

Miranda rights

Who among the following is a bailiff?

Sam, who escorts the jury in and out of the courtroom and ensures order in the court during the trial of a murder case

The two most common exceptions to the requirements for a search warrant are public safety and:

Search incident to lawful arrest

Which of the following situations would NOT allow a search under the public safety exception for searches without a warrant?

Searching the home of a local robbery suspect

What type of bond bases release on the defendant's signature with a promise to return for trial?

Signature bond

Parker, a suspect, does not have enough money to hire a lawyer to defend his case. He appeals to the court to provide him an attorney to defend his case. If the court fails to appoint an attorney, what right would Peter be deprived of?

Sixth Amendment right

Derrick is arrested and charged with murder. A federal court orders that the case be brought to trial within a month of Derrick being charged. In this example, the order of the court is mandated by the ________.

Speedy Trial Act of 1974

Which amendment to the Constitution provided that powers not specifically delegated to the federal government were reserved to the states?

Tenth Amendment

Daniel, a resident in the state of Nemus, lives in a locality that is close to the landfills of the neighboring state of South Varnon. The chemicals and toxic gases from these landfills impact the health of people in Daniel's locality. He wants to sue the South Varnon state government for its improper disposal of waste and consults an attorney. However, the attorney informs him that he cannot sue the government of South Varnon. The attorney's claim is most likely to be based on ________.

The Eleventh Amendment

John manufactures and exports industrial-grade chemicals. He sells a definite quantity of chemicals to a state-owned paint manufacturing plant, Casca Paints Limited, in the neighboring state of Urbanopolis. Casca Paints signed a contract with John stating that John will be the sole supplier of all liquid chemicals for Casca Paints. Casca Paints breaches this contract by purchasing liquid chemicals from another supplier in its state. John decides to sue the government of Urbanopolis for the breach of contract in a federal court. Which of the following limits John's ability to do so?

The Eleventh Amendment

Which of the following is true of the U.S. Supreme Court?

The Supreme Court is the legal mediator for lawsuits between the United States and foreign countries.

Kumar, an accused in a murder case, is found guilty of murder in a district court. He wants to challenge the verdict on the grounds that he was denied a fair trial. Which of the following courts will most likely hear his case after the court of original jurisdiction?

The U.S. court of appeals

Which of the following statements is true of the difference between civil and criminal law?

The burden of proof in a civil court is a preponderance of the evidence, whereas the burden of proof in a criminal court is beyond a reasonable doubt.

The calendar on which court cases are scheduled for trial is called:

The court docket

In a trial in a court of original jurisdiction, Susan was found guilty of killing her ex-husband. She claimed that she killed him in self-defense and that the key evidence had been ignored by the court. She appeals to an appellate court, which declares that the key evidence had, in fact, not been considered in the initial trial. The appellate court remands the case back to the court of original jurisdiction. At this stage, which of the following is most likely true about the case?

The court of original jurisdiction has to conduct a new trial wherein the previously excluded evidence is considered.

Which of the following is true of a dual court system?

The court systems of the various states are sovereign governmental jurisdictions.

Police officers suspect that Josh has murdered his girlfriend, Sarah. They forcibly enter his house without a warrant and search for any evidence that can be used to convict Josh. They find one of Josh's t-shirts with blood stains on it. Upon testing, it is found that the blood on Josh's t-shirt was Sarah's. When this was produced as evidence in the court, the court declared the t-shirt inadmissible for the trial. Which of the following rules or doctrines supports the court's decision?

The exclusionary rule

The statute of limitations refers to:

The length of time between the discovery of a crime and the arrest of the defendant.

A suspected terrorist might be held indefinitely under:

The material witness law

Police officers receive a tip that Jake, who is suspected for his alleged involvement with a terrorist gang, is planning to flee the country. They apprehend him at the airport and take him in for questioning but do not charge him with any crime. Jake demands his release, but the police inform him that they intend to keep him until he decides to cooperate with them. In this scenario, which of the following gives the police the right to hold him?

The material witness law

Which of the following statements is an accurate statement regarding the pat-down search?

The pat-down allows an officer to reach deep into the pockets of a suspects coat or pants to extract an item only when the officer has reason to believe that what is felt during a pat-down is indeed a weapon.

Which of the following is true of the state courts of limited jurisdiction?

They handle traffic violations and criminal violations, misdemeanors, and local ordinances and laws within the geographic jurisdiction of the local government.

Which of the following is true of trials in courts of limited jurisdiction?

They mostly last only minutes and only a minimum of evidence is introduced.

On which tier can the courts of general jurisdiction (trial courts) be found in the federal court system?

Tier 2

A private wrong that causes a harm to another is a:

Tort

Michael, a teenager, is found guilty of assault by a court of limited jurisdiction. He appeals to a court of general jurisdiction. The court of general jurisdiction conducts a new trial to determine Michael's guilt. Which of the following does this scenario illustrate?

Trial de novo

The federal systems trial courts of original jurisdiction are known as the _______.

U.S. district courts

Martha is a judge. Her powers are limited to setting bails, trying minor infractions, and assisting district courts in legal matters. In this case, Martha is most likely to be a judge of the ________.

U.S. magistrate court

Under what type of bond is release based on the defendant's promise to pay the court an amount similar to a cash bail bond if he fails to fulfill a promise to return for trial?

Unsecured bond

Who is NOT part of the courtroom work group?

Witness

A police officer gets drunk and tries to misbehave with a group of high school students. People in the locality notice the officer's misconduct and decide to file a complaint against him. In this case, the complaint should be filed at ________.

a citizen complaint board

The prosecutor of an assault and battery case has gathered some evidence against the defendant. However, Spencer, the key witness in the case, refuses to testify against the defendant, fearing for the safety of his family. Therefore, the prosecutor chooses to dismiss the case. The prosecutor has most likely dismissed the case due to ________.

a lack of confidence in the case

A concise statement of the substantial issue that needs to be decided in a case is known as a(n) _________.

brief

The type of law that is concerned with definition, regulation, and enforcement of rights cases in which both the person who has a right and the person who has the obligation are private individuals is called _________.

civil law

Police officers arrest Oliver for his suspected involvement in a larceny case. During the trial, the court finds him guilty and imposes a fine. Oliver appeals this decision in another court. As no transcript was made of the initial trial, a fresh trial of the case is held at this court. In this case, Oliver was initially tried at a(n) ________.

court of limited jurisdiction

Rachel, an adult, is sued in court for negligence when her dog bit a little boy. In this scenario, Rachel is a ________.

defendant

Trying someone twice for the same offense is called _______.

double jeopardy

The political division of jurisdiction into two systems of courts, federal and state, is referred to as the ________.

dual court system

The police practice of using deadly force against a fleeing suspect is illegal except when there is clear and present danger to the public. This is called the ____________.

fleeing-felon doctrine

Shia intentionally ran over numerous people outside a shopping mall with her car. In her trial, she was determined to be deranged, but also sufficiently aware enough to be considered morally responsible for her criminal act and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Based on this information, Shia is most likely to be ________.

guilty but mentally ill

During the trial of a narcotics case, the judge prohibits the media from disclosing any information about the case to the public to ensure that the defendant's life is not threatened. In spite of these instructions, an article about the proceedings of the case is published. The publication of such an article has violated the ________.

judges gag order

The science or philosophy of law is called _________.

jurisprudence

U.S. Supreme Court cases that determine how the Constitution is to be interpreted are referred to as ________.

landmark cases

Edwin is arrested for committing petty theft. He requests to be released before his trial and promises to appear in court for the trial. After considering Edwin's criminal history, his ties to the community, and his flight risk, the court grants him bail without any court-ordered terms and restrictions. In this case, Edwin has been granted ________.

release on recognizance

Tactics in which law enforcement officers pose as buyers of illegal substances or goods are called ____________.

stings

A defendant is charged with aggravated assault in a state court. During the pretrial, the defense counsel makes requests to postpone the trial based on the defendant's competency to stand trial. The defense later files an appeal stating that the defendant's Sixth Amendment right was violated. In this case, the defense counsel's appeal is most likely to be dismissed based on ________.

the Klopfer v. North Carolina ruling

A woman is injured when a construction worker fails to secure a scaffolding along the sidewalk that he is working on. This scenario is an example of a(n) ________.

tort

Which amendment to the Constitution restricted the jurisdiction of the federal courts by declaring that a private citizen from one state cannot sue the government of another state in federal court?

Eleventh Amendment

Bora is caught at the scene of a failed terrorist attack. When police officers question her, she refuses to provide any information. The authorities are sure that she knows about other attacks planned for the future. They pour large volumes of water over her in an effort to scare her by simulating a drowning sensation. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is used by the police officers?

Enhanced interrogation

________ is a punishment philosophy that criminals should be prevented from having opportunities to commit other crimes if they cannot be deterred from committing further crimes.

Incapacitation

Which of the following functions is performed by Internal Affairs Unit?

Investigating criminal or abusive behavior by law enforcement officers within a department

Which of the following is true of the material witness law?

It allows federal authorities to hold people without charging them with a crime.

Which of the following is true of the grand jury process?

It allows prosecutors to obtain multiple arrest warrants without disclosing this fact to the defendant.

Which of the following is true of judicial indirect oversight of law enforcement?

It allows the courts to influence the policies and behaviors of law enforcement.

Which of the following is true of the Sixth Amendment right of a defendant?

It fails to specify the remedy if the right to a speedy trial is denied.

Which of the following is a drawback of rehabilitation?

It ignores the victim of a crime, and instead focuses on the offender.

Which of the following best describes an unsecured bond?

It is a bond that releases the defendant from incarceration after he or she signs a promissory note to pay the court a predetermined amount similar to a cash bail bond if he or she fails to fulfill the promise to appear at trial.

Which of the following best describes use of force continuum?

It is a policy that requires officers to use only the appropriate force depending on the circumstances.

Which of the following best defines a tort?

It is a private wrong that causes physical harm to another.

Omar Ali is suspected of involvement in a terrorist group. The investigating officers apply waterboarding investigation techniques on him. Which of the following techniques best describes waterboarding?

It is an interrogation technique in which a large volume of water is poured over a bound person to simulate the sensation of drowning.

Which of the following statements is true of offenders with mental illness?

Offenders must declare their insanity defense in advance of a trial in order to be found not guilty by reason of insanity.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the rotating assignments method used to select officers for Internal Affairs Units?

Officers may be reluctant to appear aggressive in their investigations involving fellow officers.

Who among the following is a bail bonds agent?

Oscar, who runs a business, makes a contract with a court guaranteeing that Cooper, a suspect, will return to court for trial.

________ is referred to as a pretrial activity that involves the negotiation between defendant and prosecutor for a plea of guilty for which in return the defendant will receive some benefit, such as reduction of charges or dismissal of some charges.

Plea bargaining

Ethan is arrested and booked for a robbery. After reviewing the police reports and a witness's statement, the public prosecutor finds that Ethan hit a neighbor who was trying to chase him. As such, the prosecutor decides to charge Ethan not only for the robbery but also for simple assault. Which of the following has been exemplified in this scenario?

Prosecutorial discretion

The right of police to search without probable cause when failure to do so threatens the public is called the:

Public safety exception

John Doe, a career criminal, is arrested for his involvement in three cases, namely, shoplifting, assaulting the shop owner, and violating traffic rules while trying to escape from the police. The prosecutor, who has sufficient evidence to convict Doe, negotiates and asks him to plead guilty so that his sentence can be reduced. This scenario best exemplifies ________.

plea bargaining

The body of laws governing how things should be done at each stage of the criminal justice process is known as ______________.

procedural law