CLAS 430 Quiz 3 Study Guide

Opheltes

- Son of King Lycurgus of Nemea - Was strangled by a serpent when his nurse, Hypsipyle, left him in a bed of parsley alone - Became a hero after his death and adopted the name Archemoros

"Wretched pair, why, oh why, did we give you to King _____, a mortal, when you yourselves are immortal and ageless? Was it to bring you sorrow among these wretched humans?" Whose name should go into the blank and what pair was given to him? A. Priam, he was given immortal horses B. Achilles, he was given immortal horses C. Peleus, he was given immortal guards D. Achilles, he was given immortal guards E. Peleus, he was given immortal horses

E. Peleus, he was given immortal horses

"A key part to the narrative of the hero's life is that s/he undergoes some sort of ordeal. The hero, who is mortal, not immortal like the gods, must suffer during his or her lifetime, and, significantly, must _____." What word should go in the blank? A. win B. survive C. endure D. persevere E. die

E. die

Astyanax

Hector and Andromache's infant son.

Seriphos

Island ruled under Polydectes which Danae and Perseus ends up floating to

Skyros

the Island Achilles was in hiding as a girl at

Cheiron

the great centaur teacher; Heracles teacher

Agamemnon

(Greek mythology) the king who lead the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War

Perseus

(Greek mythology) the son of Zeus who slew Medusa (with the help of Athena and Hermes) and rescued Andromeda from a sea monster

Clytemnestra

(Greek mythology) wife of Agamemnon who had him murdered when he returned from the Trojan War

Helen

Wife of Menelaus and queen of Sparta. Helen's abduction from Sparta by the Trojans sparked the Trojan War. Her beauty is without parallel, but she is criticized for giving in to her Trojan captors and thereby costing many Greek men their lives. She offers Telemachus assistance in his quest to find his father.

Asklepios

god of medicine, with sanctuaries throughout the Greek world.

Homer

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

In her discussion of Vergil's Aeneid, Maurizio singles out the following scene, saying that in it Vergil questions the ability of imperial powers to restrain their appetites for revenge and administer the empire with clemency: A. Aeneas abandons Dido, causing her to commit suicide B. Aeneas kills Turnus in anger over the death of Pallas C. Aeneas fails to save his wife Creusa as he escapes from Troy D. Aeneas draws the Arcadians into the conflict between Trojans and Rutulians E. Aeneas falls madly in love with Lavinia and puts his passion ahead of his people's interests

B. Aeneas kills Turnus in anger over the death of Pallas

Zeus and Hera consult Teiresias on the question of whether men or women derive more please from sex because: A. he was the wisest man in Greece, wiser even than the gods B. he has been both and can compare C. he is dead and therefore has access to special knowledge D. Zeus and Hera need a mortal arbiter since no god wants to get involved in their squabbles E. he was known for his daring sexual experimentation with a large number of partners

B. he has been both and can compare

In Euripides Trojan Women, Helen pleads her case by arguing that A. she is a free woman and can do whatever she wants B. the fact that Paris chose Aphrodite (and Helen) was actually to the advantage of Menelaos and all of Greece C. Paris abducted her by force and she had no choice in the matter D. she went with Paris because she was angry at Menelaos for his own previous affairs E. this was all part of Zeus' plan and no one can outwit Zeus

B. the fact that Paris chose Aphrodite (and Helen) was actually to the advantage of Menelaos and all of Greece

6. One of Vladimir Propp's findings in his Morphology of the Folktale is that: A. folktales do not use any grammar B. the sequence of function is always the same C. the same character types always have the same functions D. there is always the same number of characters in any given folktale E. the number of functions known to the fairy tale is unlimited

B. the sequence of function is always the same

For their wedding, Dionysos gave Peleus and Thetis a golden amphora. Later it served the following purpose: A. Achilles stored his wine in it while at Troy B. Achilles gave it to Priam in compensation for killing Hektor C. Achilles' and Patroklos' bones were buried in it D. Thetis uses it to carry the bones of Achilles back home to Peleus E. Thetis gives it as a gift to Deidameia, the daughter of Lykomedes, who bore Achilles' son

C. Achilles' and Patroklos' bones were buried in it

After she helps him find his way out of the labyrinth, Theseus takes Ariadne with him as he sails from Crete to Athens and A. makes her a priestess of Dionysos in Athens B. marries her C. abandons her on an island D. makes her a priestess of Aphrodite in Athens E. teaches her how to dance

C. abandons her on an island

Opheltes become a hero when he: A. slays a dragon B. dies fighting for his people C. dies as a baby D. strangles a snake in his cradle E. marries his mother

C. dies as a baby

Cimon, an Athenian statesman of the fifth century BCE, claimed that he did the following good deed for his city: A. he founded the cult of Theseus and built the Theseion, Theseus' shrine, in Athens B. he passed laws forbidding negative depictions of Theseus in tragedy C. he found the bones of Theseus on Delos and brought them to Athens D. he made the story of Theseus and the Minotaur part of the school curriculum in Athens E. he was the first the imitate Theseus at the festival of Pyanopsia

C. he found the bones of Theseus on Delos and brought them to Athens

Because she was fated to bear a son stronger than his father, Thetis was forced to endure the following indignity: A. to remain childless B. to remain unmarried C. to marry a mortal D. to marry a centaur E. to have her children swallowed by Zeus

C. to marry a mortal

Chrysoar

Chrysaor was the brother of the winged horse Pegasus and son of Poseidon and the Gorgon Medusa. When Medusa was decapitated by Perseus, both Chrysaor and Pegasus were born at the same time. Little is known about Chrysaor; he was considered a stout-hearted warrior, and his name means "he who bears a golden sword".

Traveling through ancient Greece, you come upon a large and wealthy shrine. Among the dedications on display there you find many models of legs, arms, breasts, genitalia, and heads. You guess that this shrine belongs to: A. Perseus - these must be parts of the people he turned to stone using Gorgon's head B. Dionysos -these models were dedicated in memory of people dismembered during orgies C. Hephaestos - these are casts and models for his golden robots D. Asklepios - people dedicated these models in gratitude for being healed E. Aphrodite - lovers dedicated the models of their beloveds' most beautiful body parts

D. Asklepios - people dedicated these models in gratitude for being healed

"That was not a true tale; You did not sail in the well-benched ships, Nor did you come to the towers of Troy." In this fragment, Stesichorus claims that the best-known story about Helen is wrong. What is the alternative tale? A. Helen fled with Paris but was abandoned by him in Egypt and never reached Troy B. Helen was transported to Olympus and stayed with her father while Paris returned to Troy with her double, a moving, speaking sculpture created by Hephaestus C. Helen refused to go with Paris and remained faithful to Menelaos D. Helen was transported by Hermes to Egypt, while Paris took a "cloud" image of Helen to Troy E. Helen and Paris had a love affair in Sparta and were about to elope when Menelaos came home from Crete and stopped them

D. Helen was transported by Hermes to Egypt, while Paris took a "cloud" image of Helen to Troy

What happens at the end of the Trojan war to Priam, Astyanax, and Andromache? A. They escape through an underground tunnel B. They are all killed. C. Astyanax and Andromache are killed; Priam is spared because of his old age but dies of grief soon after D. Priam and Astyanax are murdered; Andromache becomes a slave E. Priam commits suicide, Astyanax and Andromache are sold into slavery

D. Priam and Astyanax are murdered; Andromache becomes a slave

Some typical features of the Greek hero include: A. being dead B. being in an antagonistic relationship with a god C. being extreme and/or unseasonal D. all of the above E. none of the above

D. all of the above

According to R. Blondell, "The war was not only unprecedented in scale, but marked the beginning of the end of the heroic world (in which gods and mortals mingled socially). Like Pandora opening the jar, Helen, by eloping, inaugurated the decline of the human race." Which war is meant? A. the Persian war B. the Peloponnesian war C. the Theban war D. the Trojan war E. the war of gods and giants

D. the Trojan war

In his analysis of the hero, Fritz Graf organizes his diverse and differently dated sources into "vertical tradition" and "horizontal tradition." What does he mean by that? A. vertical tradition means including sources from different periods; horizontal tradition includes only sources that belong to the same period B. vertical tradition includes aristocratic, literary, and archaeological sources; horizontal tradition belongs to the masses C. vertical tradition ranks versions in terms of their importance and influence; horizontal tradition proceeds in chronological order D. vertical tradition consists of the different versions of a given mythic episode; horizontal tradition consists of versions that add up to a running biography of a hero E. vertical tradition encompasses Antiquity and Modernity; horizontal traditions stop in the Hellenistic period

D. vertical tradition consists of the different versions of a given mythic episode; horizontal tradition consists of versions that add up to a running biography of a hero

Eris

Goddess of discord; was not invited to wedding of Peleus and Thetis so she dropped an apple of discord as revenge. Paris chose Aphrodite to have the apple and she promised him Helen of Troy

Achilles

Greatest Greek warrior, husband of Briseis whom Agamemnon steals, only vulnerable place is his heel, prophecy that he would die in the Trojan war, which he does at the hand of Paris

Castor/Kastor and Polydeukes

Helen's brothers

Eurytos

Heracles and archery contest; was supposed to promise his daughter Iole to who won; Heracles won but he back out on his promise; came back and killed him and his sons

Iphicles

Hercules's twin brother. Iphicles took part in a number of heroic exploits but generally remained in the shadow of his illustrious twin.

Teiresias

blind prophet

Aspalis

committed suicide before she could be a concubine for a tyrant; her brother Astygites avenged her death by killing the tyrant. Her body disappeared but a statue of Artemis was where it was; became a cult object

Iole

daughter of Eurytus

Ariadne

daughter of King Minos; fell in love with Theseus and promised to help him destroy the Minotaur if he would marry her; never did get married

Lykomedes

killed Theseus who had fled to his island in exile by pushing him off a cliff for he feared that Theseus would dethrone him, as people of the island treated the guest with marked honor. Some related that the cause of this violence was that Lycomedes would not give up the estates which Theseus had in Scyros

Stesichorus

lyric poet said to have been born in Matauros in Italy, and to have lived in Himera in Sicily; his real name was Teisias and he lived in the early sixth century. He wrote many poems, of which only fragments survive. He is most famous for supposedly being struck blind for slandering Helen in one of his poems.

Heracles

mortal son of Zeus, strong and brave but lacks self-control, rises to Olympus after death

Leda

mother of Helen; a queen of Sparta who was raped by Zeus who had taken the form of a swan

Thetis

sea goddess; mother of Achilles

Molpadia and Parthenos

sisters who were supposed to watch their father's wine; swine broke in and they threw themselves off a cliff instead of face their father; Apollo saved them

Hektor

son of Priam, field commander of the Trojans and their greatest fighter, killer of Patroklos, killed by Achilleus; Trojan

Momos

the god of satire, mockery, and poets in Greek mythology; as well as a spirit of evil-spirited blame and unfair criticism. His name meaned 'blame' or 'censure' and he was depicted as lifting a mask from his face. He was the son of the Titan goddess Nyx (night)

Andromache

Wife of Hector, mother of Astyanax

Theseus

(Greek mythology) a hero and king of Athens who was noted for his many great deeds: killed Procrustes and the Minotaur and defeated the Amazons and united Attica

Trojan War

10 year war fought between the Mycenaean Greeks and the city of Troy

Deianira

2nd wife of Heracles and cause of his death. Made a "potion" from Nessus' blood and gave it to Heracles but it was a trap and it killed him

Nemesis

A goddess; divinity of chastisement and vengeance. turned herself into a goose to get away from Zeus; he turned into a swan and mated with her; hatched two eggs and gave it to Leda who raised Castor and Pollux

Troy

A kingdom that was destroyed by the Greeks in the Trojan War. It is located on the western coast of Asia Minor

According to G. Nagy the Greek practice of hero cult could be described as: A. "A highly evolved transformation of the worship of ancestors" B. "A striking proliferation of minor divinities" C. "A clear source of most major Greek myths" D. "A unique example of myth influencing cult" E. "A desperate attempt at finding help in a hostile world"

A. "A highly evolved transformation of the worship of ancestors"

"O flower of the house of Tyndareus! Not his; Not Zeus's daughter, never that, but child of many fathers I say; the daughter of Vindictiveness, of Hate, Of Blood, of Death; of all wickedness that swarms the earth. I cry it aloud: Zeus never was your father, but you Were born a pestilence to all Greeks and the world beside. Accursed; who from those lovely and accursed eyes Brought down to shame and ruin the bright plains of Troy" Who speaks these words and about whom? A. Andromache about Helen B. Helen about Andromache C. Hecuba about Andromache C. Helen about Hecuba D. Priam about Helen E. Menelaos about Hecuba

A. Andromache about Helen

According to R. Blondell, "_____ and ______ are often coupled like this as complementary causes of the war. She is its principal reason, he the principal agent of the slaughter, and the Trojan battlefield the arena that proves the supremacy of both. As a pair, they represent the gendered body at its most glorious: seductive female beauty and destructive male strength. The manifestation of supreme masculinity is predicated on the manifestation of supreme femininity, each exercising its intrinsic mode of power: her beauty is as deadly as his physical strength, her body as deadly as his body." What two names should go in the blanks? A. Helen and Achilles B. Hector and Andromache C. Hector and Helen D. Odysseus and Penelope E. Helen and Menelaus

A. Helen and Achilles

The Perseus myth represents: A. a Greek version of the international Dragon-slayer tale B. a uniquely Greek kind of tale C. a largely historical account D. an Argive myth modeled on the labors of Heracles E. a Near-Eastern borrowing

A. a Greek version of the international Dragon-slayer tale

In most sources of her story, including the Iliad, Thetis is dominated by one central concern: A. the brevity of Achilles' life B. the mortality of her husband Peleus C. the fact that Peleus has aged D. the fact that Achilles's kingdom is too small E. the fact that Zeus betrays her

A. the brevity of Achilles' life

Molpadia and Parthenos become goddesses after they: A. throw themselves into the sea off a rock in fear of their father B. travel the land teaching other women the art of weaving C. open the box they were told to keep safe and see something mysterious and terrifying thing inside D. kill a dragon E. die in infancy

A. throw themselves into the sea off a rock in fear of their father

"Formerly he roamed the vastness of land and sea at the behest of King Eurystheus, causing much suffering himself and enduring much; but now in the fair abode of snowy Olympus he lives in pleasure and has fair-ankled Hebe as his wife." Who is being described? A.Heracles B. Theseus C. Perseus D. Achilles E. Oedipus

A.Heracles

Patroklos

Achilles' best friend

Rhoio

Apollo impregnated her; saved her sisters Molpadia and Hermithea

"At the first glance, this conclusion may appear absurd or perhaps even wild, yet it can be verified in a most exact manner." Which of his conclusions does Propp describe in this way? A. all major actions and events of fairy tales, defined from the point of view of their significance to the plot, can be reduced to only 31 functions B. there are only seven broadly-defined character types in fairy tales C. all fairy tales end in marriage D. functions and characters serve as stable elements in a tale, independent of how and by whom they are fulfilled E. in all fairy tales the sequence of functions is always identical so that all fairy tales are of one type in regard to their structure

E. in all fairy tales the sequence of functions is always identical so that all fairy tales are of one type in regard to their structure

Deaneira sends Heracles a robe smeared with the centaur's blood because: A. she believes it will kill Heracles B. she believes it will make Heracles impotent C. she believes it will make Heracles young again D. she believes it will make Heracles mad E. she believes it will make Heracles love her again

E. she believes it will make Heracles love her again

Lakedaimon (Sparta)

Home of Menelaos and Helen

Peleus

Husband of Thetis and father of Achilles

Danae

King Acrisius' daughter, who gets pregnant by Zeus in the form of a shower of gold while in a prison-type underground room where she was put by her father because of the prophecy. Gives birth to Perseus. They are put into a chest and sailed out to sea.

Menelaos

King of Sparta, brother of Agamemnon, and husband of Helen, he helped lead the Greeks in the Trojan War. He offers Telemachus assistance in his quest to find Odysseus when Telemachus visits him in Book 4

Tyndareus

King of Sparta, husband of Leda and father of Clytemnestra, and Castor, and stepfather of Helen and Polydeuces (Pollux).

Priam

King of Troy, father of Hector and Paris

Minos

Legendary king of Crete; had a minotaur child

Alcmene

Mother of Heracles

Pegasus

Poetic inspiration; named after a winged horse which sprang from the blood of Medusa at her death; a stamp of his hoof caused Hippocrene, the fountain of the Muses, to issue poetic inspiration from Mount Helicon.

Paris

Prince of Troy

Omphale

She kept Heracles for three years as her love-slave

Amphitryon

Step-father of Hercules; Zeus slows down the night and disguises himself as this man in order to mate with Alcmena.

Eurystheus

The king who Heracles' did the 12 labors for in order to repent for the killing of Megara and his kids.

Minotaur

a mythical monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man; child of Minos; put in the Labyrinth and defeated by Theseus

Gorgon

a very ugly or terrible person, especially a repulsive woman.; Medusa, any one or three sisters have snakes for hair and faces so horrible that anyone who looked at them turned to stone