Class 7: Module 4: Activity Create another algorithm

Task 2 # Assign `import_file` to the name of the file import_file = "allow_list.txt" # Assign `remove_list` to a list of IP addresses that are no longer allowed to access restricted information. remove_list = ["192.168.97.225", "192.168.158.170", "192.168.201.40", "192.168.58.57"] # First line of `with` statement with open(import_file, "r") as file:

File "<ipython-input-3-b925af1022fc>", line 11 with open(import_file, "r") as file: ^ SyntaxError: unexpected EOF

Question 1 What do you observe about the output above?

the name of the allowed list displays IP addresses are in a list

Question 2 Do you notice any IP addresses in the allow list that are also in the remove_list?

yes

Task 6 # Assign `import_file` to the name of the file import_file = "allow_list.txt" # Assign `remove_list` to a list of IP addresses that are no longer allowed to access restricted information. remove_list = ["192.168.97.225", "192.168.158.170", "192.168.201.40", "192.168.58.57"] # Build `with` statement to read in the initial contents of the file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Use `.read()` to read the imported file and store it in a variable named `ip_addresses` ip_addresses = file.read() # Use `.split()` to convert `ip_addresses` from a string to a list ip_addresses = ip_addresses.split()

# Build iterative statement # Name loop variable `element` # Loop through `ip_addresses` for element in ip_addresses: # Build conditional statement # If current element is in `remove_list`, if element in remove_list: # then current element should be removed from `ip_addresses` ip_addresses.remove(element) # Display `ip_addresses` print(ip_addresses) ['ip_address', '192.168.25.60', '192.168.205.12', '192.168.6.9', '192.168.52.90', '192.168.90.124', '192.168.186.176', '192.168.133.188', '192.168.203.198', '192.168.218.219', '192.168.52.37', '192.168.156.224', '192.168.60.153', '192.168.69.116']

Task 10 # Define a function named `update_file` that takes in two parameters: `import_file` and `remove_list` # and combines the steps you've written in this lab leading up to this def update_file(import_file, remove_list): # Build `with` statement to read in the initial contents of the file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Use `.read()` to read the imported file and store it in a variable named `ip_addresses` ip_addresses = file.read() # Use `.split()` to convert `ip_addresses` from a string to a list ip_addresses = ip_addresses.split() # Build iterative statement # Name loop variable `element` # Loop through `ip_addresses` for element in ip_addresses: # Build conditional statement # If current element is in `remove_list`, if element in remove_list: # then current element should be removed from `ip_addresses` ip_addresses.remove(element)

# Convert `ip_addresses` back to a string so that it can be written into the text file ip_addresses = " ".join(ip_addresses) # Build `with` statement to rewrite the original file with open(import_file, "w") as file: # Rewrite the file, replacing its contents with `ip_addresses` file.write(ip_addresses) # Call `update_file()` and pass in "allow_list.txt" and a list of IP addresses to be removed update_file("allow_list.txt", remove_list) # Build `with` statement to read in the updated file with open("allow_list.txt", "r") as file: # Read in the updated file and store the contents in `text` text = file.read() # Display the contents of `text` print(text) ip_address 192.168.25.60 192.168.205.12 192.168.6.9 192.168.52.90 192.168.90.124 192.168.186.176 192.168.133.188 192.168.203.198 192.168.218.219 192.168.52.37 192.168.156.224 192.168.60.153 192.168.69.116

Task 8 # Assign `import_file` to the name of the file import_file = "allow_list.txt" # Assign `remove_list` to a list of IP addresses that are no longer allowed to access restricted information. remove_list = ["192.168.97.225", "192.168.158.170", "192.168.201.40", "192.168.58.57"] # Build `with` statement to read in the initial contents of the file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Use `.read()` to read the imported file and store it in a variable named `ip_addresses` ip_addresses = file.read() # Use `.split()` to convert `ip_addresses` from a string to a list ip_addresses = ip_addresses.split() # Build iterative statement # Name loop variable `element` # Loop through `ip_addresses` for element in ip_addresses: # Build conditional statement # If current element is in `remove_list`, if element in remove_list: # then current element should be removed from `ip_addresses` ip_addresses.remove(element)

# Convert `ip_addresses` back to a string so that it can be written into the text file ip_addresses = " ".join(ip_addresses) # Build `with` statement to rewrite the original file with open(import_file, "w") as file: # Rewrite the file, replacing its contents with `ip_addresses` file.write(ip_addresses) # Build `with` statement to read in the updated file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Read in the updated file and store the contents in `text` text = file.read() # Display the contents of `text` print(text) ip_address 192.168.25.60 192.168.205.12 192.168.6.9 192.168.52.90 192.168.90.124 192.168.186.176 192.168.133.188 192.168.203.198 192.168.218.219 192.168.52.37 192.168.156.224 192.168.60.153 192.168.69.116

Task 9 # Define a function named `update_file` that takes in two parameters: `import_file` and `remove_list` # and combines the steps you've written in this lab leading up to this def update_file(import_file, remove_list): # Build `with` statement to read in the initial contents of the file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Use `.read()` to read the imported file and store it in a variable named `ip_addresses` ip_addresses = file.read() # Use `.split()` to convert `ip_addresses` from a string to a list ip_addresses = ip_addresses.split() # Build iterative statement # Name loop variable `element` # Loop through `ip_addresses` for element in ip_addresses: # Build conditional statement # If current element is in `remove_list`, if element in remove_list:

# then current element should be removed from `ip_addresses` ip_addresses.remove(element) # Convert `ip_addresses` back to a string so that it can be written into the text file ip_addresses = " ".join(ip_addresses) # Build `with` statement to rewrite the original file with open(import_file, "w") as file: # Rewrite the file, replacing its contents with `ip_addresses` file.write(ip_addresses)

Task 7 The next step is to update the original file that was used to create the ip_addresses list. A line of code containing the .join() method has been added to the code so that the file can be updated. This is necessary because ip_addresses must be in string format when used inside the with statement to rewrite the file. The .join() method takes in an iterable (such as a list) and concatenates every element of it into a string. The .join() method is applied to a string consisting of the character that will be used to separate every element in the iterable once its converted into a string. In the code below, the method is applied to the string " ", which contains just a space character. The argument of the .join() method is the iterable you want to convert, and in this case, that's ip_addresses. As a result, it converts ip_addresses from a list back into a string with a space between each element and the next.

After this line with the .join() method, build the with statement that rewrites the original file. Use the "w" parameter when calling the open() function to delete the contents in the original file and replace it with what you want to write. Be sure to replace each ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before you run the following cell. This code cell will not produce an output. Hint 1 To complete the first line of the with statement, call the open() function and pass in the name of the file as the first parameter and the letter "w" as the second parameter. The "w" parameter specifies that you're opening the file for the purpose of writing to it. Hint 2 Inside the with statement, call the .write() method to replace the contents of the file with the data stored in ip_addresses. Hint 3 Inside the with statement, call file.write() and pass in ip_addresses.

Task 7 # Assign `import_file` to the name of the file import_file = "allow_list.txt" # Assign `remove_list` to a list of IP addresses that are no longer allowed to access restricted information. remove_list = ["192.168.97.225", "192.168.158.170", "192.168.201.40", "192.168.58.57"] # Build `with` statement to read in the initial contents of the file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Use `.read()` to read the imported file and store it in a variable named `ip_addresses` ip_addresses = file.read() # Use `.split()` to convert `ip_addresses` from a string to a list ip_addresses = ip_addresses.split()

Build iterative statement # Name loop variable `element` # Loop through `ip_addresses` for element in ip_addresses: # Build conditional statement # If current element is in `remove_list`, if element in remove_list: # then current element should be removed from `ip_addresses` ip_addresses.remove(element) # Convert `ip_addresses` back to a string so that it can be written into the text file ip_addresses = " ".join(ip_addresses) # Build `with` statement to rewrite the original file with open(import_file, "w") as file: # Rewrite the file, replacing its contents with `ip_addresses` file.write(ip_addresses)

Task 5 Now, you'll write code that removes the elements of remove_list from the ip_addresses list. This will require both an iterative statement and a conditional statement. First, build the iterative statement. Name the loop variable element, loop through ip_addresses, and display each element. Be sure to replace each ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before you run the following cell.

Hint 1 Build a for loop to iterate through ip_addresses. Be sure to start with the for keyword. Use element as the loop variable and use in as the loop condition. Hint 2 To display the contents of a variable, pass it as an argument to the print() function.

Task 3 Now, use the .read() method to read the imported file and store it in a variable named ip_addresses. Afterwards, display ip_addresses to examine the data in its current format. Be sure to replace each ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before you run the following cell.

Hint 1 The .read() method in Python allows you to read in a file. Hint 2 Call file.read() to read the imported file. Hint 3 To display the contents of a variable, pass it as an argument to the print() function.

Task 4 After reading the file, reassign the ip_addresses variable so its data type is updated from a string to a list. Use the .split() method to achieve this. Adding this step will allow you to iterate through each of the IP addresses in the allow list instead of navigating a large string that contains all the addresses merged together. Afterwards, display the ip_addresses variable to verify that the update took place. Be sure to replace each ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before you run the following cell.

Hint 1 The .split() method in Python allows you to convert a string to a list. This method can take in a parameter that specifies which character to split on. If a parameter is not passed in, the method will split on whitespace by default. Note that whitespace includes any space between text on the same line and the space between one line and the next line. In this task, the default behavior of .split() works well. Each IP address is on a new line in the allow_list.txt file. In other words, there is whitespace between IP addresses in the text file. When you use .split(), it will separate the IP addresses and output them as a list. Hint 2 To display the contents of a variable, pass it as an argument to the print() function.

Task 2 In this task, start by opening the text file using the import_file variable, the with keyword, and the open() function with the "r" parameter. Be sure to replace the ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code. For now, you'll write the first line of the with statement. Running this code will produce an error because it will only contain the first line of the with statement; you'll complete this with statement in the task after this.

Hint 1 The open() function in Python allows you to open a file. As the first parameter, it takes in the name of the file (or a variable containing the name of the file). As the second parameter, it takes in a string that indicates how the file should be handled. Pass in the letter "r" as the second parameter when you want to read the file.

Task 10 Finally, call the update_file() that you defined. Apply the function to "allow_list.txt" and pass in a list of IP addresses as the second argument. Use the following list of IP addresses as the second argument: ["192.168.25.60", "192.168.140.81", "192.168.203.198"] After the function call, use a with statement to read the contents of the allow list. Then display the contents of the allow list. Run it to verify that the file has been updated by the function. Be sure to replace the ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before you run the following cell.

Hint 1 To call the update_file() function, write the name of the function, followed by parantheses, and pass in the file name and list of IP addresses that you want to try out the function on. Be sure to separate the two arguments with a comma (,). Hint 2 Inside the with statement, call the .read() method to read the contents of the file. Assign the text variable to the result. Hint 3 To display the contents of the text variable, pass it as an argument to the print() function.

Task 8 In this task, you'll verify that the original file was rewritten using the correct list. Write another with statement, this time to read in the updated file. Start by opening the file. Then read the file and store its contents in the text variable. Afterwards, display the text variable to examine the result. Be sure to replace each ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before you run the following cell.

Hint 1 To complete the first line of the with statement, call the open() function and pass in the name of the file as the first parameter and the letter "r" as the second parameter. The "r" parameter specifies that you're opening the file for the purpose of reading it. Hint 2 Inside the with statement, call the .read() method to read the contents of the file. Assign the text variable to the result. Hint 3 To display the contents of a variable, pass it as an argument to the print() function.

Task 1 Your eventual goal is to develop an algorithm that parses a series of IP addresses that can access restricted information and removes the addresses that are no longer allowed. Python can automate this process. You're given a text file called "allow_list.txt" that contains a series of IP addresses that are allowed to access restricted information. There are IP addresses that should no longer have access to this information, and their IP addresses need to be removed from the text file. You're given a variable named remove_list that contains the list of IP addresses to be removed. Display both variables to explore their contents, and run the cell. Be sure to replace each ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before running the following cell.

Hint 1 To display the contents of a variable, pass it as an argument to the print() function.

Task 9 The next step is to bring all of the code you've written leading up to this point and put it all into one function. Define a function named update_file() that takes in two parameters. The first parameter is the name of the text file that contains IP addresses (call this parameter import_file). The second parameter is a list that contains IP addresses to be removed (call this parameter remove_list). Be sure to replace the ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before you run the following cell. Note that this code cell will not produce an output.

Hint 1 Use the def keyword to start the function definition. Hint 2 After the def keyword, specify the name of the function, followed by parantheses and a colon. Inside the parantheses, specify the parameters that the function takes in. Hint 3 After the def keyword, write update_file(import_file, remove_list): to complete the function definition header.

Task 6 Now, build a conditional statement to remove the elements of remove_list from the ip_addresses list. The conditional statement should be placed inside the iterative statement that loops through ip_addresses. In every iteration, if the current element in the ip_addresses list is in the remove_list, the remove() method should be used to remove that element. Afterwards, display the updated ip_addresses list to verify that the elements of remove_list are no longer in the ip_addresses. Be sure to replace each ### YOUR CODE HERE ### with your own code before you run the following cell.

Hint 1 When building the conditional statement, use the in operator to check if element is in remove_list. Hint 2 To remove element from ip_addresses, call the .remove() method on ip_addresses, and pass in element. Hint 3 To remove element from ip_addresses, call ip_addresses.remove() and pass in element.

Task 4 # Assign `import_file` to the name of the file import_file = "allow_list.txt" # Assign `remove_list` to a list of IP addresses that are no longer allowed to access restricted information. remove_list = ["192.168.97.225", "192.168.158.170", "192.168.201.40", "192.168.58.57"] # Build `with` statement to read in the initial contents of the file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Use `.read()` to read the imported file and store it in a variable named `ip_addresses` ip_addresses = file.read() # Use `.split()` to convert `ip_addresses` from a string to a list ip_addresses = ip_addresses.split("\n") # Display `ip_addresses` print(ip_addresses)

['ip_address', '192.168.25.60', '192.168.205.12', '192.168.97.225', '192.168.6.9', '192.168.52.90', '192.168.158.170', '192.168.90.124', '192.168.186.176', '192.168.133.188', '192.168.203.198', '192.168.201.40', '192.168.218.219', '192.168.52.37', '192.168.156.224', '192.168.60.153', '192.168.58.57', '192.168.69.116', '']

Task 1 # Assign `import_file` to the name of the file import_file = "allow_list.txt" # Assign `remove_list` to a list of IP addresses that are no longer allowed to access restricted information. remove_list = ["192.168.97.225", "192.168.158.170", "192.168.201.40", "192.168.58.57"] # Display `import_file` print(import_file) # Display `remove_list` print(remove_list)

allow_list.txt ['192.168.97.225', '192.168.158.170', '192.168.201.40', '192.168.58.57']

Question 3 What are the benefits of incorporating the algorithm into a single function?

can reuse it multiple times

What are your key takeaways from this lab?

how to convert strings to list and back to strings remove items from lists how to separate items in strings using split

if you get lost click link it helps

https://github.com/jackattackks/Automate-Cybersecurity-Tasks-With-Python/blob/main/Mod4-Activity-Create-another-parsing-algorithm.ipynb

Task 5 # Assign `import_file` to the name of the file import_file = "allow_list.txt" # Assign `remove_list` to a list of IP addresses that are no longer allowed to access restricted information. remove_list = ["192.168.97.225", "192.168.158.170", "192.168.201.40", "192.168.58.57"] # Build `with` statement to read in the initial contents of the file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Use `.read()` to read the imported file and store it in a variable named `ip_addresses` ip_addresses = file.read() # Use `.split()` to convert `ip_addresses` from a string to a list ip_addresses = ip_addresses.split() # Build iterative statement #Name loop variable `element` # Loop through `ip_addresses` for element in ip_addresses: # Display `element` in every iteration print(element)

ip_address 192.168.25.60 192.168.205.12 192.168.97.225 192.168.6.9 192.168.52.90 192.168.158.170 192.168.90.124 192.168.186.176 192.168.133.188 192.168.203.198 192.168.201.40 192.168.218.219 192.168.52.37 192.168.156.224 192.168.60.153 192.168.58.57 192.168.69.11

Task 3 # Assign `import_file` to the name of the file import_file = "allow_list.txt" # Assign `remove_list` to a list of IP addresses that are no longer allowed to access restricted information. remove_list = ["192.168.97.225", "192.168.158.170", "192.168.201.40", "192.168.58.57"] # Build `with` statement to read in the initial contents of the file with open(import_file, "r") as file: # Use `.read()` to read the imported file and store it in a variable named `ip_addresses` ip_addresses = file.read() # Display `ip_addresses` print(ip_addresses)

ip_address 192.168.25.60 192.168.205.12 192.168.97.225 192.168.6.9 192.168.52.90 192.168.158.170 192.168.90.124 192.168.186.176 192.168.133.188 192.168.203.198 192.168.201.40 192.168.218.219 192.168.52.37 192.168.156.224 192.168.60.153 192.168.58.57 192.168.69.116

Scenario

n this lab, you're working as a security analyst and you're responsible for developing an algorithm that parses a file containing IP addresses that are allowed to access restricted content and removes addresses that no longer have access.