Class: Living Environment 2020-21

Scientists who study rock formations in caves describe some of the formations as "living rock" because, under certain conditions, they increase in size. Which statement would best dispute the claim that these rock formations are living? A) Rocks are not composed of cells, while living organisms are. B) Rocks perform complex metabolic processes, but cannot grow. C) Rocks cannot reproduce sexually. D) Rocks remain stable in a wide range of physical conditions.

A) Rocks are not composed of cells, while living organisms are.

the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. A student used a microscope like the one represented below to observe cell division in onion cells. The student noticed that as the new cells formed, they contained rod-shaped chromosomes. It is necessary for onion cells to contain chromosomes because chromosomes A) are composed of genes that contain the instructions for an organism's traits B) are made of carbohydrates and are needed as an energy source C) direct the production of inorganic molecules within the cell D) are composed of lipids that contain stored nutrients for the new cell

A) are composed of genes that contain the instructions for an organism's traits

Over time, a tree that once had a total mass of 300 g increased in mass to 3000 kg. This increase in mass comes mostly from A) carbon dioxide that enters through the leaf openings B) oxygen that enters through the leaf openings C) soil that all plants need to grow D) chloroplasts that enter the roots and move to the leaves

A) carbon dioxide that enters through the leaf openings

Structures in an animal cell are represented in the diagram below. Which row in the chart correctly identifies the functions of structures A, B, and C? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

A) 1

Mitochondria provide ribosomes with A) ATP for protein synthesis B) amino acids for protein synthesis C) oxygen for respiration D) carbon dioxide for the production of sugars

A) ATP for protein synthesis

One primary function of the cell membrane is A) regulating the flow of simple sugars into or out of the cell B) synthesizing substances by breaking down cell organelles C) storing carbohydrates, water, and starches for future use D) digesting carbohydrates, fats, and protein

A) regulating the flow of simple sugars into or out of the cell

Which life process carried out by a green plant is represented in the diagram below? A) respiration B) photosynthesis C) digestion D) replication

A) respiration

A cell is represented in the diagram below. The coded information that the cell uses to synthesize many different proteins is stored in a structure A) A B) B C) C D) D

B (B)

A student is viewing a plant stem cross section using a compound light microscope. What parts of the microscope should the student use to bring the image into focus? A) A and F B) B and E C) C and D D) D and F

B) B and E

The diagram below represents the major parts of a growing onion plant. Nutrients are represented in the soil around the onion. Which statement best describes how nutrients enter the root cells of the onion plant? A) Only nutrients needed by the plant enter root cells. B) The nutrients usually move from an area of high concentration in the soil to an area of low concentration in root cells. C) Nutrients always move into the plant cells by active transport. D) The nutrients always move from an area of low concentration in the soil to an area of high concentration in root cells.

B) The nutrients usually move from an area of high concentration in the soil to an area of low concentration in root cells.

The diagram below represents a laboratory experiment involving sucrose and water molecules in a cellophane bag which functions in the same way as dialysis tubing. Which statement correctly explains the rise of liquid in the tube at the end of the experiment? A) The concentration of sucrose molecules increased as water molecules entered the bag. This concentration increase pushed the liquid up the tube. B) Water entered the bag due to the lower concentration of water inside. The extra water pushed the liquid up the tube as the bag filled. C) Sucrose indicator entered the bag and reacted with the sucrose molecules. The reaction made the bag increase in size and pushed the liquid up the tube. D) Sucrose molecules moved out of the bag and up the tube while water moved out, causing the rise of liquid in the tube.

B) Water entered the bag due to the lower concentration of water inside. The extra water pushed the liquid up the tube as the bag filled.

Certain seaweeds contain a greater concentration of iodine inside their cells than there is in the seawater surrounding them. The energy required to maintain this concentration difference is most closely associated with the action of A) ribosomes B) mitochondria C) vacuoles D) nuclei

B) mitochondria

the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram shows how ATP is used by some cell structures to perform various functions. Which cell structure is represented by B? A) vacuole B) ribosome C) cytoplasm D) chloroplast

B) ribosome

the diagrams below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagrams represent a single-celled organism and a multicellular organism. Rotenone is an insecticide that is toxic to humans as well as to insects. Rotenone interferes with the process of ATP production in the cell. Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the structure where ATP is produced and the reason it is affected by rotenone? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

B) 2

All of the following are true regarding cells except? A) All cells have genetic material B) All cells have cell walls C) All cells have plasma membranes D) All cells can divide to form new cells

B) All cells have cell walls

Some viruses attack cells by attaching to their outer covering, entering, and taking over their genetic "machinery." Viruses are able to invade cells after first attaching to their A) nuclear membrane B) cell membrane C) genetic machinery D) viral proteins

B) cell membrane

The diagram below represents the formation of a cancerous growth. Which statement best explains the events represented in this diagram? A) A gene mutation caused the cells to become muscle cells. B) The growth resulted from the introduction of a vaccine. C) A gene mutation caused abnormal mitotic cell division. D) The growth resulted from uncontrolled meiotic cell division.

C) A gene mutation caused abnormal mitotic cell division.

The diagram below represents a cell. Which letter indicates the specific structure where most hereditary mutations occur? A) A B) B C) C D) D

C) C

the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. A student used a microscope like the one represented below to observe cell division in onion cells. The part of the microscope that should be adjusted in order to better view the onion cells while using high power is A) A B) B C) C D) D

C) C

The diagram below represents a cell in the human body. Which statement concerning the structures within this cell is accurate? A) Structure 1 is a chloroplast that carries out photosynthesis. B) Structure 2 is a vacuole that contains DNA. C) Structure 3 is a mitochondrion, where respiration takes place. D) Structure 4 is the cell membrane, which provides rigid support for the cell.

C) Structure 3 is a mitochondrion, where respiration takes place.

The diagram below represents a form of cellular reproduction. As a result of this process, offspring 1 and offspring 2 will have A) the same number of genes but different traits B) a different number of genes but the same traits C) the same number of genes and the same traits D) a different number of genes and different traits

C) the same number of genes and the same traits

A and B below represent two different slide preparations of elodea leaves. Elodea is a plant found in streams and ponds in New York State. The water used on slide A contained 1% salt and 99% water. The salt solution used on slide B contained 6% salt and 94% water. Elodea cells normally contain 1% salt. Five minutes after the slides were prepared, a student using a compound light microscope to observe the cells in leaves A and B would most likely see that A) water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide A B) salt had moved into the cells of the leaf on slide A C) water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B D) salt had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B

C) water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B

the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents an experimental setup. Which term correctly identifies the process by which molecules move through the dialysis tube membrane? A) paper chromatography B) active transport C) diffusion D) digestion

C) diffusion

In which cell structure is energy extracted from nutrients? A) chloroplast B) ribosome C) mitochondrion D) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

Potatoes are an example of a crop that can be reproduced asexually. One potato will produce a number of "eyes," which are sprouts that can grow into new plants. A potato with four eyes can be cut into four pieces, and each piece can be used to produce an individual potato plant. A gardener could produce a small crop of potatoes by planting the eyes from a single potato in her garden. Some of the potatoes grown in this way could be used to obtain eyes for the next season's crop. One likely disadvantage of growing potatoes cloned in this way, year after year, would be that A) after a few years, the potatoes would stop producing eyes altogether, so no potatoes could be grown in the garden B) the potatoes produced each succeeding year would get larger and larger, eventually being too big for use as food C) the cost for growing your own potatoes in the garden would be greatly reduced D) a potato plant could become infected with a disease, and it could easily spread to the entire crop, killing all of the plants

D) a potato plant could become infected with a disease, and it could easily spread to the entire crop, killing all of the plants

Genetic researchers have discovered a number of different gene mutations that have led to the development of cancer. These mutations affect how frequently a cell reproduces. Which process would be directly influenced by these mutations? A) differentiation of cells in an embryo B) meiotic cell division C) division of sperm and egg cells D) mitotic cell division

D) mitotic cell division

A student placed a test tube containing elodea (an aquatic plant) and pond water 10 cm from a light source. He observed that the plant gave off bubbles of a gas and counted how many bubbles were released in one minute. He moved the plant farther away from the light source to see if distance from the source made a difference. The data table below shows his results. The gas that was being produced was most likely A) carbon dioxide as a product of the process of respiration B) carbon dioxide as a product of the process of photosynthesis C) oxygen as a product of the process of respiration D) oxygen as a product of the process of photosynthesis

D) oxygen as a product of the process of photosynthesis

An ameba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process the digested food. From this, we can best infer that A) all single-celled organisms have lysosomes to digest food B) amebas are capable of digesting any type of food molecule C) single-celled organisms are as complex as multicellular organisms D) structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms

D) structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms

The diagram below represents the organization of structures within an organism. Which term best indicates the structures represented by the circle labeled X? A) organelles B) chromosomes C) organ systems D) tissues

D) tissues

Which cell structure is mainly responsible for releasing energy from food molecules in some single-celled organisms? A) ribosome B) chloroplast C) cell membrane D) mitochondrion

D) mitochondrion