Classical Style

Intellectual Dualism

a theoretical thought which holds that the minor triad has a natural origin different from that of the major triad

Movements of a classical symphony

1. Fast tempo , Sonata Allegro form 2. Slow tempo , typically an ABA form or Theme and Variations 3. Medium/Fast tempo, uses a dance form (Minuet or Scherzo) 4. Fast tempo (typically Rondo or Sonata Rondo form)

Movements of a Classical string quartet

1st movement: Sonata form, Allegro, in the tonic key 2nd movement: Slow, in the subdominant key 3rd movement: Minuet and Trio, in the tonic key 4th movement: Rondo form or Sonata rondo form, in the tonic key.

Opera Suffa

Also known as Italian comic opera, was a lighter genre that was a response of the rising middle class to the aristocratic form it would inevitably supplant. It was sung in the language of the audience, presented lively, down-to-earth plots, exciting ensemble at end of each act.

Opera Seria

Italian serious opera, was a serious or tragic Italian opera, a highly formalized genre inherited from the Baroque consisting mainly of recitatives and arias designed to display the virtuosity of star singers.

Elements of Classical Style

Melodies: Lyrical Melodies, symmetrical four-bar measures with clear cadences, and repition Harmonies: based on the seven tones of major or minor scale. Rhythmic Regularity: strong rhythms that moves at steady tempo, one of four basic meters. Folk Elements: absorbed elements of German dances and waltzes of the Viennese masters.

The Classical Opera

Professionally trained singers that sing a production on stage all the way through, and is accompanied by an orchestra

Opera Comique

Rigid conventions, librettos about legends of kinds and heroes. (Italian comic opera) was a lighter genre that was a response of the rising middle class to the aristocratic form it would inevitably supplant. It was sung in the language of the audience, presented lively, down-to-earth plots, exciting ensemble at end of each act.

Concerto Form

The Classical concerto form has three movements, alternating fast-slow-fast.

Ein Kleine Nachtmusik

The work is written for an ensemble of two violins, viola, and cello with optional double bass. This first movement is in sonata-allegro form. The second theme is more graceful and in D major, the dominant key of G major. The exposition closes in D major and is repeated. The development section begins on D major and touches on D minor and C major before the work returns to G major for the recapitulation. The second movement, in C major, is a "Romanze", with the tempo marked Andante. It is in rondo form, taking the shape A-B-A-C-A plus a final coda. The keys of the sections are C major for A and B, C minor for C. The middle appearance of A is truncated, consisting of only the first half of the theme. evoking gavotte rhythm: each of its sections begins in the middle of the measure, with a double upbeat.[8] The third movement, marked Allegretto, is a minuet and trio, both in 3/4 time. The minuet is in the home key of G major, the contrasting trio in the dominant key of D major. As is normal in this form, the minuet is played again da capo following the trio. The fourth and last movement is in lively tempo, marked Allegro; the key is again G major. The movement is written in sonata form. Mozart specifies repeats not just for the exposition section but also for the following development and recapitulation section. The work ends with a long coda.

Social and Eco. conditions from 18th to 19th century in Europe

Very class segregated, poor sanitation, growing industrial, and an establishment of the careers of great classical composers.

The Classical Orchestra

Wood Wind; 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Clarinets, 2 Bassoons Brass; 2 or 4 French horns, 2 Trumpets Percussion; 2 Timpani Strings; 10 Violins 1, 10 Violins 2, 9 Violas, 5 Cellos, 3 Double basses

Woflgang Amadeus Mozart

a child prodigy that wrote music before the age of five, died at 35 years old, made significant contributions to all musical genres, including the symphony, sonata, concerto, chamber music, sacred music, and opera, music has lyrical melodic lines, colorful orchestration, and dramatic content. Famous Works: Eine kleine Nachtmusik (serenade for strings), Clarinet Concerto, The Magic Flute

Ludwig Von Beethoven

born in Bonn, Germany, father and grandfather were singers. Viennese master was viewed as a transitional figure whose music, divided into three style periods, straddles the Classical and Romantic eras. Most influential and revered composer of art music.Talented at piano. Famous Works: The Nine Symphonies

Joseph Hayden

born in Rohrau, Austria, son of a wheelwright. Worked under the patronage of the Esterhazy court, remembered for his contributions to the development of Classical instrumental music, symphony and the string quartet. Beautiful singing voice, attracted aristocracy of Vienna. Famous Works: No. 94 the Surprise, The London Symphonies

The Classical Sonata Form

musical structure set either for a solo instrument or for a duet