Clemson Biology 1100 Photosynthesis Mastering

What assumptions did Engelmann make in order to conclude that red and violet-blue light were more effective than green light in driving photosynthesis? Select the two that apply.

1. The distribution of chloroplasts within each algal cell was approximately the same. 2. The number of bacteria clustered at each wavelength (color) was approximately proportional to the amount of oxygen being produced by that portion of the alga.

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?

A mixture of blue and red light

Which of the following molecules are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

Which of these phosphorylates ADP to make ATP?

ATP synthase

What are the inputs of the Calvin Cycle?

ATP, NADPH, CO2

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?

Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment?

Blue and violet

The photosynthetic membranes are found in the _____ in plant cells.

Chloroplasts

True or false? The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of ATP generates a proton gradient that leads to electron flow through an electron transport chain.

False

True or false? The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate spans the chloroplast membrane.

False

In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located?

In infolded regions of the plasma membrane in the nucleoid

What are the inputs of light reactions?

Light, water, ADP, NADP+

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor for electrons from photosystem I?

NADP+

What are the outputs of the Calvin Cycle?

NADP+, ADP, G3P

What are the outputs of light reactions?

O2, NADPH, ATP

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

Which process produces oxygen?

Photosynthesis

Under what conditions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in most plants?

Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs in both the dark and the light.

Energized electrons from ____ are used to reduce NADP+.

Photosystem I

_____ splits water into 1/2 O2, H+, and e- .

Photosystem II

Chlorophyll can be found in _____.

Photosystems I and II

Which of the following processes occurs during the Calvin cycle?

Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor

The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes?

Splitting water molecules

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Stoma (fluid in chloroplast)

Where in a plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

Stroma of the chloroplast

The ultimate source of energy to support most life on Earth is _____.

Sunlight

Which set of reactions uses H2O and produces O2?

The light-dependent reactions

Suppose that the concentration of CO2 available for the Calvin cycle decreased by 50%. Which statement correctly describes how O2 production would be affected?

The rate of O2 production would decrease because the rate of ADP and NADP+ production by the Calvin cycle would decrease.

In the electromagnetic spectrum, the type of radiation that we call visible light occurs between _____.

Ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation

The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____.

water ... NADPH