CLIN II EXAM #2

rate of fluid administration

(volume in ml X drip factor)/time

emergency fluid therapy

90ml/kg for dogs, cats ml/kg

Two types of endoscopes include: A. Flexible and Rigid. B. Flexible and PEG. C. Large and Rigid. D. Flexible and Straight.

A. Flexible and Rigid.

Zinc sulfate is best used to detect: A. Giardia B. whipworms C. tapeworms D. hookworms

A. Giardia

You are presented with a patient that appears to be vomiting digested blood. The term used to describe this is: A. Hematemesis B. Hematochezia C. Hematuria D. Melena

A. Hematemesis

Vomiting is the expulsion of material from the stomach and/or intestines. A. True B. False

A. True

This liver enzyme indicates intra- or extrahepatic biliary obstructions

ALP

This liver enzyme indicates hepatocyte damage

ALT

Nasoesophageal (NE) feeding tubes may be used to provide short-term enteral nutrition to dogs and cats. Which of the following statements regarding NE feeding tubes is false? A. Can be used for the continuous delivery of liquid food and/or water. B. Can be used in unconscious patients. C. Can be used for boluses of liquid food and/or water. D. Can often be placed without sedation.

B. Can be used in unconscious patients.

Segmental contractions move contents along the digestive tract by circular muscle contractions. A. True B. False

B. False

What does the presence of green fluid in the vomitus indicate? A. Pyloric outflow obstruction B. Involvement of bile in the duodenum C. Gastrointestinal ulceration D. Gastric or esophageal disorder

B. Involvement of bile in the duodenum

Which of the following would be considered a short-term feeding tube? A. PEG tube B. Nasogastric tube C. Esophagostomy tube D. Gastrostomy tube

B. Nasogastric tube

Which of the following is the passive expulsion of material from the mouth, pharynx, or esophagus? A. Hematemesis B. Regurgitation C. Vomiting D. Hypersalivation

B. Regurgitation

Amylase acts to break down: A. protein and amino acids. B. starches and glycogen. C. fats and starches. D. fats and carbohydrates.

B. starches and glycogen.

Which of the following organs is not palpable during abdominal palpation in a healthy animal? A. Spleen B. Small intestine C. Liver D. Kidney

C. Liver

A large amount of fat in the feces is known as which of the following? A. Melena B. Hematochezia C. Steatorrhea D. Tenesmus

C. Steatorrhea

Difficulty in eating or swallowing is termed: A. aphagia B. polyphagia C. dysphagia D. dystocia

C. dysphagia

Blood levels of total bilirubin are used primarily to evaluate the function of the: A. kidneys B. bile ducts. C. liver D. pancreas

C. liver

A progressive wave of contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles in the wall of the digestive tract that moves food through the digestive tract is known as: A. rumination. B. ingesta C. peristalsis. D. segmentation.

C. peristalsis.

What do black "coffee grounds" in the vomitus indicate? A. Pyloric outflow obstruction B. Gastric or esophageal disorder C. Involvement of bile in the duodenum D. Gastrointestinal ulceration

D. Gastrointestinal ulceration

The term melena refers to which of the following? A. A protein produced by living cells that initiates a chemical reaction but is not affected by the reaction. B. A semifluid mass of partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach. C. a word used to describe bright red blood coming from the large intestine. D. Passing of dark, tarry feces containing blood that has been digested.

D. Passing of dark, tarry feces containing blood that has been digested.

An endoscope is an instrument used to: A. administer pills or boluses. B. open a body cavity to allow inspection or apply medication. C. prevent an animal from kicking. D. allow direct observation of internal organs, such as the stomach.

D. allow direct observation of internal organs, such as the stomach.

A semi-permanent feeding tube may be placed in all of the following ways except: A. through the nose B. through a gastrostomy site. C. through a pharyngostomy site. D. through the mouth

D. through the mouth

indicates cholestasis

GGT- Gamma glutamyl transferase

IFA and ELISA tests are used to identify

Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Parvovirus

excess fat in stool

Steatorrhea

Incomplete defecation, inability or difficulty to empty the bowel

Tenesmus

fecal cytology is used to identify

clostridium, campylobacter

Square root method for average maintenance fluids

dogs 132 X BW 3/4 Cats 80 X BW 3/4

Abdominocentesis is used to diagnose

hemoabdomen, uroabdomen, peritonitis, or ascites

Sodium nitrate is used to identify

round, hook, whips, tapeworms

Formula for rehydration dose

total ml for rehydration = % dehydrated X BW X 1,000 --> convert to decimal