CNA Epidemiology

HPV infects the: Muscles of the body Eyes only Corneocytes, the cells at the very top of the skin Basal layer of the epithelium

Basal layer of the epithelium

Which of the following statements is true regarding HIV and genital herpes? Both HIV and genital herpes have no known cure so far. HIV is caused by CD4 virus, while genital herpes is caused by simplex virus 1. HIV affects both men and women while genital herpes affects only men. HIV is caused by a virus, while genital herpes is caused by a bacteria.

Both HIV and genital herpes have no known cure so far.

What kind of disease can be spread from person to person? Communicable All diseases can be spread Noncommunicable No diseases are spread person to person

Communicable

If you go to the doctor because you are sick and the doctor warns you to limit your contact with other people and stay away from school or work, what kind of disease can you assume you have? A communicable disease A noncommunicable disease A genetic disease A fatal disease

A communicable disease

What is the difference between a communicable disease and a noncommunicable disease? Both types of disease can be passed from person to person, but communicable diseases require direct contact with bodily fluids. A communicable disease cannot be passed from person to person, while a noncommunicable disease can be. There is no difference because both still result in disease. A communicable disease can be passed from person to person, a noncommunicable disease cannot.

A communicable disease can be passed from person to person, a noncommunicable disease cannot.

What is the definition of a communicable disease? A disease that transmits when people communicate. A disease that can transfer from person to person. None of these. A disease that is easy to catch.

A disease that can transfer from person to person.

What is the definition of a non-communicable disease? A terminal disease None of these A disease caught from not talking to people A disease that cannot be caused by transmission from another person

A disease that cannot be caused by transmission from another person

An infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis that does not cause an individual to fall ill is known as which of the following? Superinfection An active infection A latent infection Suprainfection

A latent infection

Which of the following individuals would be LEAST at risk for contracting a communicable disease? A patient undergoing chemotherapy. A young man who has multiple sexual partners and uses no form of barrier protection. A healthcare professional working in a nursing home. A nine-year-old child who has received all of her immunizations.

A nine-year-old child who has received all of her immunizations.

A wart is another name for: A pimple A papilloma A zit A boil

A papilloma

Which of the following is a risk factor for communicable diseases, especially following a natural disaster? All of the answers are correct Lack of clean water Lack of sanitation Lack of food safety

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is the BEST definition of a communicable disease? Any illness, temporary or life-long, that can be transmitted from one person to another A disease inherited from one's parents A life-long illness that can be contracted from an infected individual A temporary illness that can be caught from an infected individual

Any illness, temporary or life-long, that can be transmitted from one person to another

Which of these is true? Communicable diseases are avoidable All of these are true Both non-communicable and communicable diseases can be avoided with proper countermeasures Non-communicable diseases are unavoidable

Both non-communicable and communicable diseases can be avoided with proper countermeasures

Viruses in the Poxviridae family are mainly: Square shaped Circular Teardrop shaped Brick shaped

Brick shaped

How did Jenner use cowpox to defend against smallpox? By performing most of his scientific tests on the safer cowpox, so that he wouldn't endanger himself during experiments. By giving material to people that was contaminated with cowpox, people developed an immunity against smallpox, which is similar. By discovering a vaccine for cowpox, which he altered so that it could defend against smallpox as well. By performing most of his scientific tests on the safer cowpox, so that he wouldn't endanger his subjects during experiments.

By giving material to people that was contaminated with cowpox, people developed an immunity against smallpox, which is similar.

Which of the following is not a factor in developing a noncommunicable disease? Catching a virus from a coworker. Having genes that increase your likelihood. Being born with it. Lifestyle choices.

Catching a virus from a coworker.

Mary goes to a sexual health clinic and is diagnosed with HPV. Which of the following cancers should she be most concerned about developing? Vulvar cancer Cervical cancer Breast cancer Uterine cancer

Cervical cancer

Which bacterium is known to cause pelvic inflammatory disease in women? Pallidum Chlamydia Neisseria Treponema

Chlamydia

Josh is concerned that he might have HPV and goes to a sexual health center to be tested. Which of the following will Josh likely be checked for? Genital chafing Genital bleeding Swollen genitals Genital warts

Genital warts

John decided to consult a doctor after detecting the following symptoms: 1. A yellowish green discharge from his penis. 2. Pain in his testicles. 3. A burning sensation during urination. John is most likely to be diagnosed with: Papillomavirus Syphilis HIV Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea

What are formed when a person with a healthy immune system 'walls off' the tuberculosis bacteria in the lungs? Hematomas Lipomas Granulomas Seromas

Granulomas

Which of the following viruses is most commonly linked to causing cervical cancer? Gonorrhea HPV Flu virus Chlamydia

HPV

Which virus has a preventative vaccine? Gonorrhea Syphilis HIV HPV

HPV

Which of these is NOT communicable? Flu Cold Heart disease Stomach virus

Heart disease

How does influenza travel from host to host? In droplets of saliva or mucus Skin to skin contact In the blood Through contact with fecal matter

In droplets of saliva or mucus

Which type of influenza causes epidemics? Influenza C Influenza D Influenza B Influenza A

Influenza A

How does the influenza virus mutate to evade vaccines? It changes shape from a sphere to a cube It changes the amount of RNA in the capsid It switches to DNA inside the capsid It changes its glycoproteins on the envelope

It changes its glycoproteins on the envelope

How did the Coronaviridae family get its name? The name references the severe coronary symptoms associated with the virus. It is named for the region in Europe where the virus was first discovered. It is named for the crown shaped structure of the virus. It is named for the royal family who was among the first casualties of the virus.

It is named for the crown shaped structure of the virus.

The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the United States is a: Flavivirus Norovirus Retrovirus Bunyavirus

Norovirus

Which of the following is one of the most common ways you can contract a communicable disease? Not taking medications as instructed Failing to treat a high fever Not washing your hands Not getting enough sleep

Not washing your hands

What factor makes the Norwalk virus easily spread to others? One can transmit the virus for many days before and after they are sick. You cannot avoid the virus by washing your hands. It is transmitted only on cruise ships. It drastically affects the young, elderly, and sick.

One can transmit the virus for many days before and after they are sick.

The main route of transmission for caliciviruses is: Orofecal Vertical Transplacental Lactogenic

Orofecal

Which of these is a NOT vector? Mosquitoes Fleas Ticks Radiation

Radiation

COVID-19 is the pandemic that spread across the world in 2019. It is caused by the coronavirus: MERS-CoV MERS SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2

Variola is another term for: Smallpox Cowpox Monkeypox Chickenpox

Smallpox

Which of the following about smallpox is FALSE? It has been almost entirely eradicated in the world. Smallpox can be easily treated. Certain subtypes of smallpox, like the hemorrhagic and malignant forms, have a near 100% fatality rate. The U.S. and Russia continue to stockpile smallpox for research and potential weapons use.

Smallpox can be easily treated.

Why are schools and cruise ships two examples of places the Norwalk virus is easily spread? Food prepared in kitchens to feed lots of people is often contaminated by the Norwalk virus. Children are the main carriers of the Norwalk virus. Public restrooms are breeding grounds for the Norwalk virus. The Norwalk virus is spread easily in areas that contain a lot of people.

The Norwalk virus is spread easily in areas that contain a lot of people.

Which part of the influenza virus contains the RNA? The glycoproteins The lipid bilayer The capsule The capsid

The capsid

Which part of the virus is used to bind to a host cell? The RNA The glycoproteins The envelope The capsid

The glycoproteins

What is one reason that SARS-CoV is so dangerous? The severe symptoms come on quickly and cause patients to seek medical attention early. It is easily spread throughout the community by both humans and cats. The initial symptoms can be misdiagnosed as the common cold, allowing the virus to spread rapidly. The fatality rate is 50%, yet many people avoid treatment.

The initial symptoms can be misdiagnosed as the common cold, allowing the virus to spread rapidly.

What can we conclude from a positive tuberculin skin test? The person will die. The person has been exposed to the tuberculosis bacteria. The person has an active form of tuberculosis. The person was vaccinated against tuberculosis.

The person has been exposed to the tuberculosis bacteria.

Which is TRUE of a person with HIV? They are more likely to form protective granulomas compared to a non-HIV positive person. They are more predisposed to having an active form of tuberculosis. They will not need to be carefully monitored for signs of tuberculosis. They are less predisposed to having an active form of tuberculosis.

They are more predisposed to having an active form of tuberculosis.

How is HPV generally transmitted? The orofecal route Through direct contact via skin or mucous membranes By eating contaminated food By breathing contaminated air

Through direct contact via skin or mucous membranes

The Coronaviridae viruses spread by: Transmission through the respiratory system. Transmission through the blood or through the air. Transmission through the orofecal route. Transmission through the orofecal or respiratory routes.

Transmission through the orofecal or respiratory routes.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for contracting a communicable disease? Working with preschool aged children. Working as an aide in a nursing home. Working as an accountant. Working as a medical volunteer in Haiti.

Working as an accountant.

The symptoms of COVID-19 include: all of these answers are correct fever, chills, dry cough loss of taste or smell, diarrhea, nausea sore throat, congestion, or a runny nose.

all of these answers are correct

Monkeypox and cowpox _____. are zoonotic cannot be transmitted by breathing contaminated air do not affect humans are deadlier than smallpox

are zoonotic

Some viruses of the Caliciviridae shape have a characteristic _____ appearance. squarelike brick-shaped cup-shaped sand-like

cup-shaped

A disease is.... recognized by a set of symptoms and results in abnormal conditions or dysfunction in the body. spread through contact with bodily fluids and results in conditions like diabetes. always classified as communicable. only things like diabetes, heart disease, and asthma that can't be passed to another person.

recognized by a set of symptoms and results in abnormal conditions or dysfunction in the body.

Which of the following is NOT a sign of having active tuberculosis? scarring of the lungs bloody cough fever swollen feet

swollen feet