Nutrition Chapter 10-13

A normal infant respiratory rate is between _____ breaths per minute.

20-40

In the United States, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at six months is about:

22%

The RDA for protein during pregnancy is an additional _____ grams per day.

25

A breastfeeding mother is worried that her baby will develop food allergies if she eats peanuts or tree nuts before breastfeeding. Food allergies do not develop after breastfeeding, but they do develop if the infant is formula fed. Current evidence regarding breastfeeding and food allergies states that:

Dietary restrictions will not prevent or delay food allergies in infants

When counseling Mrs. Chamberlin regarding the heartburn she is experiencing during pregnancy, what advice should be given that would help relieve symptoms

Do not liedown after eating

Because of concern about mercury contamination, pregnant women are advised to avoid:

King Mackerel

Which factor found in breast milk has been shown to offer protective benefits to the breastfeeding infant?

Lactoferin

Milk moves to the front of the breast when an infant begins to nurse. This is called the:

Let down reflex

4. The main source of energy in an infant's diet is provided by what substance found in breast milk and formula.

Lipids

Deborah receives affirmation for choosing to take vitamin-mineral supplements to support her health. Prenatal supplements may be especially beneficial in preventing which risk to the fetus?

Low infant birth weight

fter reading a clinic brochure on prenatal nutrition, Deborah discovers that she can "kill two birds with one stone" by eating more _____, which is a good source of both iron and zinc, minerals that might be lacking in the average pregnant woman's diet.

Meat

Herbal supplements during pregnancy are

Not recommended due to lack of evidence about their safety and effectiveness.

The social worker at the prenatal clinic determines that Deborah is eligible for WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children). This program provides:

Nutrition counselling

Providing large quantities of candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets during the growing years is most likely to result in:

Obesity

Kelly is a 16-year-old adolescent who is 19 weeks' pregnant with her first child. What factors increase the risk of low birth weight and infant death among teen pregnancies?

The adolescent mother is less likely to seek early prenatal care

Spina bifida, characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement, may be manifested by what features after birth?

​Muscle weakness and mental handicaps

Despite adopting healthy lifestyle habits, people cannot slow the aging process because of the natural limits set by heredity.

False

Individual food cravings during pregnancy often reflect real physiological needs of the pregnant woman

False

Infant formulas typically contain protective antibodies for infants.

False

No RDA for total fat has been established, but the DRI committee recommends a fat intake of 10 to 15 percent of energy for children 1 to 3 years of age.

False

Older adults can safely participate in aerobic activity and resistance training until age 85, when the risk of injury from activity is greater than its benefits.

False

Overweight people with osteoarthritis should avoid weight-bearing physical activities, such as jogging, as these types of activities place too much pressure on inflamed joints.

False

The RDA for iron increases at age 12 for both males and females and then returns to preadolescent values in early adulthood.

False

To avoid development of neural tube defects, a pregnant woman should begin taking 600 mcg of folate supplements by the end of the first trimester

False

4. A physician has recommended that a pregnant mother take a daily multivitamin-mineral supplement to support nutrient intake during pregnancy. This type of supplement typically contains more of which elements designed for prenatal nutrition?

Folic acicde, Iron and Calcium

Obese pregnant women face a variety of potential health complications because of their weight, including premature delivery, gestational diabetes, and:

Infection after birth

A young child who requires 1000 kcalories per day for energy would need how much fruit each day?

1 cup

Although smoking during pregnancy has been associated with a number of risks to both the mother and the fetus, approximately _____ percent of pregnant women in the United States still choose to smoke

10

. An obese women should gain _____ pounds during pregnancy.

11-20 pounds

In order to best protect herself against dehydration, a lactating woman is advised to drink ____ of fluid per day

13 CUPS OF WATER

To meet her increased energy needs, a breastfeeding woman is advised to consume an extra _____ kcalories per day until her infant is 6 months old.

330

10. A pregnant woman's daily energy needs increase by ____ kcalories in the second trimester and _____ kcalories in the third trimester.

340-450

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics support exclusive breastfeeding until an infant is _____ months old.

6

To prevent iron deficiency, a child needs _____ mg of iron per day

7-10

Carrie's infant can be expected to need about how many feedings per 24-hour period during the first month or so

8-12

Mrs. Allen asks about drinking coffee during her pregnancy, stating that she "needs" to have her morning cup of coffee every day. What information regarding caffeine intake during pregnancy is most appropriate?

A woman may safely consume up to 200 mg of caffeine daily during pregnancy.

. A breastfeeding mother should

Allow the infant to suckle on the first breast offered as long as he likes

The ideal time for the first breastfeeding is:

As soon as possible

Which activity can a parent perform if he wants to encourage good eating habits that will support continued normal weight as his child grows?

Avoid associating food deprivation with punishment.

Not only do infants grow rapidly, but in proportion to body weight, their

Basal Metabolic Rate

. A pregnant mother wants to increase her intake of folate by choosing foods that are natural sources of the nutrient. The mother should be counseled to increase her intake of what food?

Beets

A pregnant woman with low hemoglobin must take a 30 mg iron supplement. To enhance iron absorption, the woman should take the supplement:

Between meals and with water or juice

Carrie will most likely be successful with breastfeeding if she follows which practice?

Breastfeeding the infant on demand

Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables, and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of

Calcium fortified orange juice

What food is most likely introduced early when starting complementary foods because it is the least allergenic to an infant?

Cereal

Bradley is an 8-month-old infant who has started eating complementary foods in addition to breastfeeding regularly. What foods should his mother feed him that will support his intake of zinc

Chicken

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) include what associated characteristics at birth?

Facial and visison abnormalities

As a general rule, adult energy needs decline an estimated 15 percent every decade.

False

Cholesterol values at birth are similar in all populations and differences do not emerge until late adolescence.

False

Ample carbohydrate is needed by the pregnant woman in order to:

Fuel the fetal brain and spare protein needed for fetal growth.

lactating mother wants to breastfeed, but she has a short-term prescription for antibiotics that have been shown to cross into breast milk and that could affect her baby. What solution is most appropriate in this situation to protect the health of this mother and her baby?

Have the mother use a breast pump and discard the milk until the medication is complete.

What factor contributes to an iron deficiency risk for Deborah?

Her limited financial means

To successfully breastfeed her infant, what steps should a mother be encouraged to perform?

Hold her breast with her hand behind the areola.

When feeding an infant, what food should a parent be sure to omit as part of the infant's diet

Honey

The warning signs of preeclampsia include:

Hypertension, edema, and protein in the urine

What changes would most improve the adequacy of this menu

Including more fruits and vegetables

The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is:

Iron-fortified infant formula

What best describes why cow's milk is not recommended for infants under one year of age?

It causes intestinal bleeding.

Vegan diets for children must be planned carefully because otherwise they may not provide enough:

Kcalories

Deborah needs more iron in her diet in addition to the prenatal vitamin-mineral supplement that she takes. What foods are recommended for Deborah to increase her supply of heme iron before and during pregnancy?

Seafoods

9. Nutrients and oxygen travel to the developing fetus via the:

Placenta

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of:

Preterm deliveries

If a lactating woman's diet is poor, her milk:

Quality will be maintained at the expense of maternal stores

reastfeeding has been shown to have which benefit for the nursing infant? a. reduced risk of SIDS

Reduced sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

. A physically fit woman who is pregnant continues to exercise throughout her pregnancy. Staying active during the course of a healthy pregnancy has been shown to establish which outcome?

Reducing physiological distress

Nora, who is pregnant, awakens at 2:00 a.m. craving pickles. The craving probably indicates that:

She is experiencing hormone induced changes

Carrie begins breastfeeding but her nipples quickly become sore. A likely cause is

She is holding the baby in an improper position

A woman who has gained 50 pounds during her pregnancy asks about weight loss after delivery of the baby. The typical woman who gains excess weight during pregnancy often has which weight loss outcome

She will most likely retain a few pounds.

At about the first birthday, a child's appetite tends to:

Slow down

Carrie can best prepare to breastfeed her infant after delivery by performing which step

Stop using soap and lotions on her breasts

A pregnant woman wants to continue to exercise throughout her pregnancy. What activity would be most appropriate to recommend?

Swimming

What foods are most appropriate to introduce to an infant between 6 and 8 months of age, based on the feeding skills of this age?

Textured vegetables and fruit

How long will Carrie breastfeed her infant if she follows the advice of the American Academy of Pediatrics?

The first year of life

. What do experts cite as one of the most common deterrents to breastfeeding?

The medical community's failure to encourage breastfeeding

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs of a child?

Total energy needs increase with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight decline.

. Increasing evidence suggests that overweight and obesity in middle age are associated with Alzheimer's disease

True

. Studies suggest that a diet providing ample carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E may help to prevent the early onset of cataracts.

True

5. Preeclampsia usually occurs with first pregnancies and almost always occurs after 20 weeks' gestation. a. True

True

9. Adult heart disease is a major pediatric problem

True

A low-birth weight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life.

True

A pregnant woman can protect against lead toxicity by increasing dietary calcium intake.

True

Appropriate energy intake among older adults helps prevent obesity, diabetes, and related cardiovascu

True

At the age of two, healthy children have attained approximately half of their adult height.

True

Currently the protein needs of older adults appear to be about the same as those of younger people

True

During pregnancy, if the development of a fetal organ is limited during a critical period, recovery of the organ is impossible.

True

Many older adults fail to obtain the recommended daily 25 or more grams of fiber.

True

Teenage boys experience a more intense growth spurt and develop more lean body mass than girls do.

True

The AAP supports exclusive breastfeeding for approximately six months but recognizes that infants are often developmentally ready to accept complementary foods between four and six months of age.

True

The initial goal for overweight children is to reduce weight gain through diet restriction.

True

The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is iron-fortified formula

True

The way children eat influences their nutritional health during childhood, during their teen years, and for the rest of their lives.

True

What food would most likely be provided by the WIC program?

Tuna

Breast milk provides all of the nutrition an infant need for the first six months of life, with the possible exception of which nutrient?

Vitamin D

Although there are very few supplemental nutrients recommended during infancy, the AAP does recommend a single dose of what nutrient at birth to prevent uncontrolled bleeding?

Vitamin K

What advice is most appropriate for a pregnant woman to prevent listeriosis during pregnancy?

Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating.

Among the following, foods that help most to meet children's iron requirements are

Whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads

The American Academy of Pediatrics' position on alcohol consumption and pregnancy is that:

Women should not drink alcohol as soon as they plan to become pregnant

Research studies conducted on children's food intakes have shown that:

if a child eats more at one meal, he may eat less at the next.

Without proper management of pre-existing diabetes, a woman may face which potential complication associated with pregnancy?

infertility

Pregnant women who are vegans should get their protein from

legumes, whole grains, nuts, and seeds