coaching midterm

What % of a message's meaning is delivered via TONE of body language?

65-93%

What are the 6 Cs of communication

Clear, Concise, Correct, Complete, Courteous (polite and non-threatening), Constructive (positive, avoid negative and critical)

Regulation through identification

activity is personally important

Which coaching style works best for positive discipline?

cooperative

Integrated regulation

increases performance and enjoyment in another activity

External regulation

least autonomous, rewards or avoiding punishment

Extrinsically motivated

motivated by outside/external things, something contingent on the activity, tangible

· Cognitive flexibility

o Chameleon behaviors o Creative solutions o High levels of self-awareness and self-control Quick learners

· Emotional flexibility

o Enjoying the rollercoaster o Live another day o Compassionate to others and oneself

· Benevolence

o People first o Seeking to understand o The sun always rises again

· Driven

o unwavering high standards (expectations for athletes) o high sense of purpose and duty o pathological desire to win o all in commitment o 2020 vision

Explain the ABCs of Behavior Control

· A: antecedents o Environmental stimuli o Prompting, modeling, feedback, goals · B: behavior o Desired or undesired · C: consequences o Outcome of behavior, how will coach respond?

What is leadership?

· Ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals · Provide direction, build psychological and social environment, instill values, motivate members, confront members, communicate · Is reciprocal, can't lead unless others want to be led · act of controlled improvisation, adapt to unique needs and personalities

Explain the role of anxiety in the context of sport performance

· Anxiety is a natural reaction to a threat in the environment- "fight or flight response" · When perceived competence does not equal the demands of the training/competition

Review the inverted-U hypothesis

· Arousal/readiness and performance relationship is an inverted U · Can't be too amped up- jittery, technical skills lost · Can't be sleepy, mopey, not feeling it

What are 4 causes of anxiety in athletes that may impact their performance

· Athlete uncertainty · Coaches pep talks (can defeat their purpose) · Emphasis on winning (out of locus of control) Coach's stress

What are the six core moral values?

· Be respectful · Be responsible · Be caring · Be honest · Be fair · Be a good citizen

Why is a core ethical foundation so important for a coach?

· Because they set the example for the rest of the team, if they do not have ethics neither will the team · Helps coach develop player outside of the sport (life lessons) tough decisions

What is a Pygmalion coach

· Being blinded by bias/lack of understanding when figuring out underlying cause of a problem · Having/showing favorites

How can EI be applied to rehabilitation science

· Can help with a client feeling they aren't making any progress or one that is still experiencing a lot of pain/ overall feeling negative about recovering, set exercises that the client will succeed at

What is character? Does it differ from Sportsmanship?

· Character is who we are and what we stand for · Sportsmanship is good character when participating in sports

What is the difference between a coaching philosophy and coaching objectives?

· Coaching philosophy is a means to achieve coaching objectives, it provides a clear path to them · Philosophy helps when challenging coaching situations arise

What are the three different types of coaching styles?

· Command- dictator/authoritative, my way or the highway, invokes fear · Submissive- babysitter, letting athletes to whatever, collecting paycheck · Cooperative- teacher, relationship w athletes, athlete first winning second

According to Sagar et al. (2007), what two things cause athletes to worry the most

· Concerns about performance failure · Negative social evaluation

Review methods of preventative discipline

· Create team culture · Develop team rules · Hold team meetings · Create team routines · Conduct exciting practices Reward good behavior

What is an emotional contagion?

· Dynamic process by which athletes can "catch" or get the feelings or emotions of those around them · Know when to bring an upbeat positive attitude, risk getting tuned out if it is all the time and over the top

What is EI? Is there any relationship to sport (and coaching) performance

· Emotional intelligence- ability to recognize meanings of emotions and their relationships and to reason and problem-solve based on them · There is a positive correlation between team EI and final log points

Explain Athlete First, Winning Second

· Every behavior and decision should be what is best for athletes, not just what would help win · Foundation for bill of rights of young athletes · Doesn't mean winning is unimportant, striving to win is important

Review Coach Wooden instructional cues? What was his reproof/reinstruct

· He used short punctuated utterances, giving them a praise as well as something they could improve on next time (instructional feedback) · The sandwich approach was in the form + - + demonstrate the correct way, point out the incorrect way the player had performed, then remodeling again

Review the 10 qualities of a leader as proposed by Prive (2012).

· Honesty, ability to delegate, communication, sense of humor, confidence, commitment, positive attitude, creativity, intuition, ability to inspire

What is self-disclosure? Why is it important for a coach to demonstrate this?

· How much of yourself that you share w athletes, relevant to relationship, appropriate to situation · Not intimate details of life, sharing how you feel about what athletes say/do, or events that you have shared · Important in building trust, understanding and relationship w athletes · Self-awareness is the first step, cannot disclose feelings if you do not know what they are

What is the difference between the three "selves"?

· Ideal self- the person you would like to be o Values, right/wrong, moral principles o What you expect and demand of yourself · Public self- the image you believe others have of you · Real self- sum of subjective thoughts, feelings, needs you see as being the authentic you o Always changing o Can understand, accept and experience through interactions w others

What are the three steps in coaching for character?

· Identify the principles of character · Teach the principles of character · Provide opportunities to practice moral behavior

What is the relationship between the frequency of informational feedback and the perceived competence of athletes?-What is an example of informational feedback

· Informational feedback builds the feeling of competency in athletes because they perceive that they are a minor adjustment away from doing it right · Example would be "follow through next time" NOT that wasn't even close! What are you doing!

What three things help to foster a positive motivational climate?

· Instead of criticism, give instructional feedback to increase competency in athletes · Setting process goals instead of outcome goals · Giving tasks during practice that are not unrealistic, so that athletes can complete it

why is it dangerous to be pygmalion

· It is dangerous because a coach's opinions/expectations of a player can determine their behaviors · A coach can will a player to succeed, but also to fail

What are other attributes of a successful coach?

· Knowledge of the sport- earns respect, without it risk injury and frustration · Motivation- need to want to coach, athletes can tell · Empathy- understand athletes' feelings and convey sensitivity

What are the three different types of leaders as proposed by Dr. Gilbert?

· Mastery approach- focus on creating a motivational climate, emphasizes effort & learning (athlete reward program, post effort & learning goals) · Autonomy supportive- focus on 3 needs of feeling freedom &control, confidence & successful, connected (free play) · Transformational- contrasts transactional (portion and reward) and transformational (inspiring toward shared vision)

How can coaches create optimal environments to improve performance?

· Match skill to level of athlete · Keep practice stimulating- make it fun · Keep athletes active- limit lecturing · Give periods when feedback is non-existent

What is Self-Determination theory?

· Motivation is a continuum based on source of one's motivation/ whether it is internal or external

What is the Fear of Failing and how is goal setting related to it?

· Negative reinforcement · Preoccupation w perceived consequences of losing/failing · Related to goal setting bc if the goal is not a SMAART one it can cause the fear of failing if they do not achieve the goal (unrealistic high goals)

How is team culture related to a leader's vision?

· Not developing a team culture can lead to failing to achieve coaching objectives, team functions below its performance capability

What is a process goal?

· One that is controllable, relate to our own actions · Develops competence, skills and knowledge · Based on effort · Can lead to achieving outcome goals

What is an outcome goal?

· One that is out of the individual's control (win, score a 9.5) Aid little in developing competence

What is flow?

· Optimal performance -unique temporary involuntary experience · Effortless, loss of fear, narrow focus attention, not thinking, immersion, being in complete control, time slows, calming & at peace · Precursors: relaxed, highly motivated, self-confident, completely focused, lac of negative thoughts, extremely positive

Review coaching communication recommendations

· Plan meaningful communication opportunities (meetings w parents and w athletes) · Set up boundaries to avoid communicating when emotions high · Be cognizant of verbal and non-verbal skills · Strive toward positive or instructional feedback · Give all athletes equal attention · Modify communication to match athletes thinking and learning style · Listen more than you speak

Positive discipline versus negative discipline

· Positive- constructive criticism, strive to inspire for self-discipline · Negative- feelings of blame, public shaming, mental pain

Why is having a coaching philosophy helpful?

· Provides consistency to leadership · Helps in making more difficult decisions

Successful communication requires BOTH ______ and ________ messages. How is this 2-way street related to the Driven Benevolence coaching model?

· Sending and receiving · Related to driven benevolence, people first & seek to understand

Explain S.M.A.A.R.T goals

· Specific, Measurable, Aggressive, Achievable, Relevant, Timely

What are the components of team culture

· Team tradition & identity · Management of info · Nature of the sport · Basic operating procedures · Leadership style · Power, influence, status structure within team

What is technical acumen? How is it different than tactical acumen

· Technical- knowledge of the technique of the sport, can be experiential or academic Ex: how to do a back handspring · Tactical- related to team maneuvering/strategy Ex: positions

What are the "soft skills" of coaching? Can they be developed?

· The art of coaching, to lead and inspire athletes · emotional intelligence, conflict management, motivation, unification behind shared vision some people born with them but they can be dveeloped

What are the expected differences between recreational sport and competitive sport?

· The level of play could dictate which objective is the most important · Recreational- have fun, learn the sport, winning=secondary objective · Competitive- short-term: winning and performing well, fun=secondary · Ensure short term objectives (coach, but also administrators, parents, players) are consistent with program's objectives

What is operant conditioning?

· Training the mental component of performance and developing athlete · Athlete modifies behavior based on outcome of behavior · Feedback from coach is critical · reinforcement (positive or negative) punishment (suicides) extinction (ignoring behavior)

What are the three main objectives of sport?

· Win (Short-term goal) · Fun (Athletes enjoyment of the sport most important) · Develop (Physically, psychologically, socially)

Does failing have any impact on athlete's motivation

· Yes, if a player has a fear of failure, they may want to back down from evaluation settings · Feeling de-motivated after failure, having thoughts of quitting to avoid this feeling of failure again

Punishment

· adding consequence to decrease behavior o Some sort of physical training following a mistake: run suicides

Positive reinforcement-

· adding consequence to increase behavior o Positive stimulus: reward

Introjected regulation-

· avoid guilt, maintain self-worth, outside pressure leads to internalized negative feelings

What are the 3 Cs of communication

· clear, concise, consistent

Intrinsically motivated

· most autonomous, meaning it comes from within, coaches create the climate for an athlete to become autonomous, finds satisfaction and enjoyment in the activity itself

Extinction

· removing consequence to decrease behavior o Excluding some sort of positive: no playing time/scrimmage

Negative reinforcement

· taking away consequence to decrease behavior o Taking away the punishment: no suicides