COG NEURO FINAL

theory of mind

- ability to think about mental states, both yours and others - measured using false-belief task where they assess that a child understands other people have beliefs about the world that aren't true - develops between 4-5 y/o - people with autism don't have - right posterior, superior temporal gyrus, and right inferior parietal lobe

double-dissociation

- both work together with speech and language, but each have own function

impaired memory

- episodic and semantic

impaired brain regions

- mainly temporal lobe (hippocampus and MTL)

spared memory

- short term and non-declarative

Wernicke's area

- speech comprehension - loss of language ability

Broca's area

- speech production/articulation -damage= affect use of spontaneous speech and motor speech control

anterograde amnesia

- struggle with new information

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

- tracks blood flow and oxygen levels - advantage: non-invasive, no radiation, no injections/ingestions -disadvantages: expensive, have to be completely stil;

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

- uses magnetic fields/radio waves to create images -advantages: non-invasive, precise, no radiation -disadvantages: expensive, can't always use, claustrophobia

DTI (diffusion tensor imaging)

-a technique used to produce images of the brain that shows connections among different regions -advantages: non-invasive, no radiation, no injections/ingestions -disadvantages: complex interpretation

PET (positron emission tomography)

-a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task -advantages: molecular changes visible in real-time -disadvantages: radioactive, minor radiation exposure

self-ordered pointing task

-ability to remember previous tasks - PFC-dorso-lateral retention and update new locations - ventro-lateral-retention of spatial information - doesn't assess executive functions as well as working memory

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

-ability to switch tasks -PFC-lateral and medial -can't be used for all ages -people who are colorblind could have a hard time sorting by color

cerebellum

-balance/coordination

medulla oblongata

-controls vital life-sustaining functions

spared brain regions

-frontal lobe

CT (computed tomography)

-generates images of the inside of the body - advantages: rapid/non-invasive -disadvantages: radiation exposure

temporal lobe

-hearing/language

parietal lobe

-process somatosensory information

parieto-occipital sulcus

-separates occipital lobe from parietal and temporal lobes

Pons

-sleep and arousal

retrograde amnesia

-struggle with old information

occipital lobe

-visual processing

frontal lobe

-voluntary movement

lateral sulcus

Separates temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes

mirror neurons

neuron that reacts when someone does a specific motor act and when the observe the same act performed by someone else. -they provide basis of learning through imitation

central sulcus

separates primary motor cortex/primary somatosensory cortex