Cog Psych 2/7

According to the _____ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations.

constructive

Extrapolating from the cultural life hypothesis, which of the following events would be easiest to recall?

graduating from college at age 22

The idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the same information over and over in what we read, see on TV, and talk about with other people is called the...

narrative rehearsal hypothesis

Jacoby's experiment, in which participants made judgments about whether they had previously seen the names of famous and non-famous people, found that inaccurate memories based on source misattributions occurred after a delay of...

24 hours

Flashbulb memory is best represented by which of the following statements?

It is memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate over time.

The sleep list experiment, in which many people misremember the word "sleep" as being part of a list of words, is an example of..

a disadvantage of memory's constructive nature

A script is a type of schema that also includes knowledge of...

a sequence of events

For most adults over age 40, the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for...

adolescence and early adulthood

Your text describes two experiments that measured people's memory for what they were doing when they heard about the terrorist attack on 9/11. Results of these experiments show that participants...

both believed their memories for the attack were accurate over a 52-week period and displayed memory for the flashbulb event that declined with time.

Schrauf and Rubin's "two groups of immigrants" study found that the reminiscence bump coincided with periods of rapid change, occurring at a normal age for people emigrating early in life but shifting to 15 years later for those who emigrated later. These results support the...

cognitive hypothesis

The "telephone game" is often played by children. One child creates a story and whispers it to a second child, who does the same to a third child, and so on. When the last child recites the story to the group, his or her reproduction of the story is generally shorter than the original and contains many omissions and inaccuracies. This game shows how memory is a ______ process.

constructive

In the "sleep list" false memory experiment, false memory occurs because of..

constructive memory processes

Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story that was taken from the French Indian culture illustrated the...

constructive nature of memory

Arkes and Freedman's "baseball game" experiment asked participants to indicate whether the following sentence was present in a passage they had previously read about events in a game: "The batter was safe at first." Their findings showed inaccurate memories involved...

creations from inferences based on baseball knowledge

Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others is known as...

cryptomnesia

In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on...

cultural expectations

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that...

extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate

The experiment in which participants first read sentences about John fixing a birdhouse and were then asked to identify sentences they had seen before, illustrated that memory..

involves making inferences

Experiments that argue against a special flashbulb memory mechanism find that as time increases since the occurrence of the flashbulb event, participants...

make more errors in their recollections

The observation that older adults often become nostalgic for the "good old days" reflects the self-image hypothesis, which states that...

memory for life events is enhanced during the time we assume our life identities

____ occurs when reading a sentence leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the sentence.

pragmatic inference

Your text argues that proper procedure for measuring the accuracy of flashbulb memories is...

repeated recall

Your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top drawer beside the dishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchen...

schema

In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" some things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of _____ on memory.

schemas

Jackie went to the grocery store to pick up yogurt, bread, and apples. First, she picked up a hand basket for carrying her groceries, and then she searched the store. After finding what she needed, she stood in a check-out line. Then, the cashier put her items in a plastic bag, and soon after, Jackie left the store. As readers of this event, we understand that Jackie paid for the groceries, even though it wasn't mentioned, because we are relying on a grocery store _____ that is stored in _______ long-term memory.

script; sematic

The experiment for which people were asked to make fame judgments for both famous and non-famous names (and for which Sebastian Weissdorf was one of the names to be remembered) illustrated the effect of _____ on memory.

source misattributions

Wei has allergy symptoms. He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor. Instead, he was advised to buy any over-the-counter medicine. While he was in the specialist's waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess. A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, "My doctor says SneezeLess works great. I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess. Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?

source monitoring

The repeated production technique used in memory studies involves

the same participants remembering some information at longer and longer interval after learning the information

Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos...

they took themselves

Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers show that ____ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable.

transition points