Cog Psych. Ch.12
Connecting the fortress with the tumor
When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?
novel objects before a function was described.
Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the
reorganization or restructuring
Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving
noticing, mapping, and applying.
Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:
bread and butter
In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time.
the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving.
Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that
initial state
Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem the
mapping
As a part of the Monster Problem demonstration, you were asked to figure out how the two problems are related. For example, what do the globes in the monster problem correspond to in the Tower of Hanoi problem? What about the size of the monsters? What does "changing the size of a globe" mean in terms of Tower of Hanoi? etc. In Gick and Holyoak's description of analogical problem solving, this is called _____.
fragile-glass; structural
Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. They found the ____ version to be more effective, because it had ____ features in common with the radiation problem.
flexibility; experience
In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. This particular discussion suggests that _____ may be more important than _____ in creative thinking.
Only one globe may be changed at each time.
One of the rules of the classic Tower of Hanoi problem is "only one disk can be moved at any time". What is the corresponding rule of the Monster Problem?
structural features
People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus on
Russian marriage
The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ____ problem.
representation and restructuring
The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle, was proposed to illustrate
deep structure
The classic Tower of Hanoi problem and the Monsters and Globes problem share the same ______.
operators
The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT
analogy
The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.
analogies
The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.
seeing more efficient solutions to the problem
The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from
Has one correct answer
Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem?
latent inhibition
Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is ________.