Cognitive Psych Chapter 9

dictionary

A lexicon might best be described as a _______

basic

According to Rosch, the ____ level of categories is the psychologically "privileged" level of category that reflects people's everyday experience.

semantic category

According to the ________ approach, there are certain types of concepts that have specific neural circuits in the brain.

spreading activation

Collins and Quillian explained the results of priming experiments by introducing the concept of _____ into their network model.

the word "fruit" will lead to a larger priming effect for banana than for kiwi.

For the category "fruit," people give a higher typicality rating to "banana" than to "kiwi." Knowing that, we can also reason that

subordinate; basic

If we were conducting an experiment on the effect knowledge has on categorization, we might compare the results of expert and non-expert groups. Suppose we compare horticulturalists to people with little knowledge about plants. If we asked the groups to name, as specifically as possible, five different plants seen around campus, we would predict that the expert group would primarily label plants on the _____ level, while the non-expert group would primarily label plants on the _____ level.

is a dog that does not bark.

Imagine that a young child is just learning about the category "dog." Thus far, she has experienced only two dogs, one a small poodle and the other a large German shepherd. On her third encounter with a dog, she will be LEAST likely to correctly categorize the animal as a dog if that animal

A field sparrow is an animal.

In evaluating retrieval rates for category information for a concept, Collins and Quillian's semantic network approach would predict the slowest reaction times for which of the following statements using a sentence verification technique?

connection weights

Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network

definitional

Not all of the members of everyday categories have the same features. Most fish have gills, fins, and scales. Sharks lack the feature of scales, yet they are still categorized as fish. This poses a problem for the _______ approach to categorization.

damage to the system does not completely disrupt its operation.

One beneficial property of connectionist networks is graceful degradation, which refers to the property that

primes associated concepts.

Spreading activation

family resemblance

The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of examples of chairs even though no one category member may have all of the characteristic properties of "chairs" (e.g., most chairs have four legs but not all do) is

category members that have been encountered in the past

The prototype approach to categorization states that a standard representation of a category is based on

concepts

Two different definitions of ________ offered by your book include (a) "the mental representation of a class or individual," and (b) "the meaning of objects, events, and abstract ideas."

Word Appearance

Which of the following information is not included in your mental lexicon?

Family resemblance

Which of the following is NOT associated with the semantic network model?

Working units

Which of the following is not one of the types of units found within a parallel distributed processing model?

semantic (association) priming

You are taking a test in an introductory level economics course. Even though the test covers several topics it is not nearly as difficult as you had expected. You realize that the questions are grouped together according to each main topic, and each question helps set up the following question. This is an example of ________.

A prototype

______ is a "typical" member of a category.