Quiz 1 - Diagnosis and Related Treatment for Social Work Practice

295.90 (F20.9) Schizophrenia

A. Two or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1.Delusions 2.Hallucinations 3.Disorganized speech 4.Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5.Negative Symptoms B.For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, interpersonal relationships, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, there is failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational functioning). C.Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This period must include at least 1 month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet Criterion and may include periods of initial or residual symptoms. During these periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or by two or more symptoms listed in Criterion A.

Schizoaffective Disorder

A.An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia. a)Note: The major depressive episode must include Criterion A1: Depressed mood. B.Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode (depressive or manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness. C.Symptoms that meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness. The disturbance is not attributed to substances or another medical condition.Note: It should always be specified whether Bipolar or Depressive Type. 295.70 (F25.0) Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Type 295.70 (F25.1) Schizoaffective Disorder, Depressive Type

312.23 (F94.0) Selective Mutism

A.Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking despite speaking in other situations. B.The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication. C.The duration of the disturbance is at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school). D.The failure to speak is not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, the spoke language required in the social situation. E.The disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder and does not occur with other autism or other disorders.

296.89 (F31.81) Bipolar II Disorder

A.Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode (Criteria A-F under "Hypomanic Episode") and at least one major depressive episode (Criteria A-C under "Major Depressive Episode). B.There has never been a manic episode. C.The occurrence of the hypomanic episode(s) and major depressive episode(s) is not better explained by schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. D.The symptoms of depression or the unpredictability caused by frequent alternation between periods of depression and hypomania causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Bipolar I Disorder

A.Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode (Criteria A-D under "Manic Episode"). B.The occurrence of the manic and major depressive episode(s) is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, etc.

300.4 (F34.1) Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A.Depressed mood for most of the day, for most days than note, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years. (For children and adolescents, mood can be irritable and duration must be at least 1 year) B.Presence, while depressed, of two (or more) of the following: 1.Poor appetite or overeating 2.Insomnia or hypersomnia 3.Low energy or fatigue 4.Low self-esteem 5.Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions 6.Feelings of hopelessness C.During the 2-year period (1 for children/adolescents) of the disturbance, the individual has never been without the symptoms in Criteria A and B for more than 2 months at a time. D.Criteria for MDD may be continuously present for 2 years. E.There has never been a manic episode or a hypomanic episode, and criteria have never been met for cyclothymic disorder. F.The disturbance is not better explained by Schizophrenia Spectrum or other Psychotic Disorder. G.The symptoms are not attributable to substances or another medical condition. H.The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

309.21 (F93.0) Separation Anxiety Disorder

A.Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by at least three of the following: 1.Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures. 2.Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death. 3.Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an unexpected event. 4.Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out because of fear of separation.

300.02 (F41.1) Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A.Excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities. B.The individual finds it difficult to control the worry. C.The anxiety and worry are associated with three (or more) of the following six symptoms (with at least some symptoms having been present for more days than not for the past 6 months: Note: Only one item is required in children. 1.Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge 2.Being easily fatigued 3.Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank 4.Irritability 5.Muscle tension 6.Sleep disturbance D.The anxiety, worry or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. E.The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. F.The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder.

Major Depressive Disorder

A.Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. 1.Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day 2.Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day 3.Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain or decrease/increase in appetite nearly every day 4.Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day 5.Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day 6.Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day 7.Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt nearly every day 8.Diminished ability to think or concentrate nearly every day 9.Recurrent thoughts of death, SI without a specific plan, or an attempt or plan B.The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning. C.The episode is not attributable to substances or a medical condition. D.The occurrence of MDE is not better explained by Schizophrenia or other Psychotic Disorders. E.There has never been a manic episode or hypomanic episode.

301.13 (F34.0) Cyclothymic Disorder

A.For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous episodes with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a MDE. B.During the above 2-year period (1 year in children and adolescents), the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has not been without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time. C.Criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode have never been met. D.The symptoms in Criterion A are not better explained by schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. E.The symptoms are not attributable to the effects of a substance or medical condition. F.The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

625.4 (N94.3) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

A.In the majority of menstrual cycles, at least five symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week postmenses. B.One (or more) of the following symptoms must be present: 1.Marked affective lability 2.Marked irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflicts 3.Marked depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self-deprecating thoughts 4.Marked anxiety, tension, and/or feelings of being on edge C.One (or more) of the following symptoms must additionally be present, to reach a total of five symptoms when combined with symptoms from Criterion B. 1.Decreased interest in usual activities 2.Subjective difficulty in concentration 3.Lethargy, easy fatigability, or marked lack of energy 4.Marked change in appetite; overeating; or specific food cravings 5.Hypersomnia or insomnia 6.A sense of being overwhelmed or out of control 7.Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, a sensation of "bloating" or weight gain. D.The symptoms are associated with clinically significant distress or interference with work, school, usual social activities, or relationships with others. E.The disturbance is not merely an exacerbation of the symptoms of another disorder or personality disorder. F.Criterion A should be confirmed by prospective daily ratings during at least two symptomatic cycles. G.The symptoms are not attributable to the effects of substances or another medical condition.

Specific Phobia

A.Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation. B.The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. C.The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety. D.The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context. E.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more. F.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. G.The disturbance is not better explained by symptoms of other mental disorders.

300.23 (F40.10) Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

A.Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Examples include social interactions, being observed, and performing in front of others. B.The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated. C.The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety. D.The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety. E.The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the situation or context.

300.22 (F40.00) Agoraphobia

A.Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations: 1.Using public transportation (e.g., automobiles, buses, trains, ships, planes) 2.Being in open spaces 3.Being in enclosed spaces 4.Standing in line or being in a crowd 5.Being outside of the home alone B.The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms. C.The agoraphobic situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.

300.3 (F42) Hoarding Disorder

A.Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. B.This difficulty is due to a perceived need to save the items and to distress associated with discarding them. C.The difficulty discarding possessions results in the accumulation of possessions that congest and clutter active living areas and substantially compromises their intended use. If living areas are uncluttered, it is only because of the interventions of third parties. D.The hoarding causes clinically significant distress or impairment in various areas of functioning. E.The hoarding is not attributable to another medical condition. F.The hoarding is not better explained by another mental disorder.

300.7 (F45.22) Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A.Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others. B.At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual has performed repetitive behaviors or mental acts in a response to the appearance concerns. C.The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in various areas of functioning. D.The appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat or weight in an individual whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for an eat disorder.

300.3 (F42) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A.Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both B.The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. C.The obsessive-compulsive symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or medical condition. D.The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental illness.

298.8 (F23) Brief Psychotic Disorder

A.Presence of one (or more) of the following. At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1.Delusions 2.Hallucinations 3.Disorganized speech 4.Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior B.Duration of an episode of the disturbance is at least one day but less than one month, with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning. C.The disturbance is not better explained by another mental illness, physiological effects of a substance, or another medical condition.

Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder

A.Presence of one or both of the following Symptoms: 1.Delusions 2.Hallucinations B.There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of both (1) and (2): 1.The symptoms in Criterion A developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication. 2.The involved substance/medication is capable of producing the symptoms in Criterion A. C.The disturbance is not better explained by a psychotic disorder that is not substance/medication-induced. D.The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium. E.The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

A.Prominent hallucinations or delusions. B.There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition. C.The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder. D.The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium. E.The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Note: A medical doctor would have to diagnose the existence of a medical condition. For example, if Diabetes Mellitus seems to be the primary cause for hallucinations, it might code like: 293.81 (F06.0) psychotic disorder due to diabetes mellitus, with hallucinations

312.39 (F63.3) Trichotillomania

A.Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss. B.Repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling. C.The hair pulling causes clinically significant distress in various levels of functioning. D.The hair pulling or hair loss is not attributable to another medical condition. E.The hair pulling is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder.

698.4 (L98.1) Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

A.Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions. B.Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking. C.The skin picking causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. D.The skin picking is not attributable to the effects of a substance or another medical condition. E.The skin picking is not better explained by another mental disorder.

300.01 (F41.0) Panic Disorder

A.Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, and during which time four (or more) of the following symptoms occur: 1.Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate 2.Sweating 3.Trembling or shaking 4.Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering 5.Feelings of choking 6.Chest pain or discomfort 7.Nausea or abdominal distress 8.Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint 9.Chills or heat sensations 10.Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations) 11.Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself) 12.Fear of losing control or "going crazy" 13.Fear of dying

293.89 (F06.1) Catatonia Associated due to Another Medical Condition cont.

A.See Criterion A1-12 from the previous slide. B.There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition. C.The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., a manic episode) D.The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium. E.The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

296.99 (F34.8) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A.Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally and/or behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation. B.The temper outbursts are inconsistent with developmental level. C.The temper outbursts occur, on average, three or more times per week. D.The mood between temper outbursts is persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly every day, and is observable by others. E.Criteria A-D have been present for 12 or more months. Throughout that time, the individual has not had a period last 3 or more consecutive months without all of the symptoms in Criteria A-D. F.Criteria A and D are present in at least two of three settings and are severe in at least one of these. G.The diagnosis should not be made for the first time before 6 years or after age 18 years. H.By history or observation, the age at onset of Criteria A-E is before 10 years. I.There has never been a distinct period lasting more than 1 day during which the full symptoms criteria, except duration, for a manic or hypomanic episode have been met. J.The behaviors do not occur exclusively during an episode of MDD and are not better explained by another mental disorder. K.The symptoms are not attributable to substance use or a medical/neurological condition.

293.89 (F06.1) Catatonia Associated with Another Mental Disorder

A.The clinical picture is dominated by three (or more) of the following symptoms: 1.Stupor 2.Catalepsy 3.Waxy flexibility 4.Mutism 5.Negativism 6.Posturing 7.Mannerism 8. Stereotypy 9.Agitation 10.Grimacing 11.Echolalia 12.Echopraxia

297.1 (F22) Delusional Disorder

A.The presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of one month or longer. B.Criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met. If hallucinations are present, they are not prominent and are related to the delusional theme. C.Apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning is not markedly impaired, and behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd. D.If manic or major depressive episodes have occurred, these have been briefly relative to the duration of the delusional periods. E.The disturbance is not otherwise attributed to another mental disorder, medical condition, or the physiological effects of a substance.

295.40 (F20.81) Schizophreniform Disorder

A.Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1.Delusions 2.Hallucinations 3.Disorganized speech 4.Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5.Negative Symptoms B. An episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months. When the diagnosis must be made without waiting for recovery, it should be qualified as "provisional." C. Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out because either 1) no major depressive or manic episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, they have been present for a minority of the total duration of the active and residual periods of the illness. D.The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.

Characteristics of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

- Males experience earlier onset than females - Males are more likely to have tics - Females are more likely to have cleaning OCD - 50% have suicidal thoughts, 25% attempt suicide

Characteristics of hoarding disorders

- Most common age range is 55-94 - Females show more excessive acquisition - Universal

Obsessions definition

1.Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress. 2.The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action (i.e., by performing a compulsion).

Compulsions definition

1.Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.2.The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent, or are clearly excessive.Note: young children may not be able to articulate the aims of these behaviors or mental acts.

Other Forms of Bipolar and Related Disorders

292.84 Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder pp. 142-145293.83 Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition pp. 145-147296.89 (F31.89) Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder p. 148296.80 (F31.9) Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder p. 149Additional Specifiers for Bipolar and Related Disorders pp. 149-154

309.21 (F93.0) Separation Anxiety Disorder cont.

5.Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings. 6.Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near the attachment figure. 7.Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation. 8.Repeated complaints of physical symptoms when separation from major attachment figure occurs or is anticipated. B.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults. C.The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. D.The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder.

Tangentiality

Answers to questions may be indirectly related or may be completely unrelated.

300.01 (F41.0) Panic Disorder cont.

B.At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one or both of the following: 1.Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences. 2.A significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks. C.The disturbance is not attributable to the effects of a substance or medical condition. D.The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder.

Nihilistic delusions

Belief that a major catastrophe will occur

Erotomanic delusions

Belief that another person is in love with him/her

Grandiose delusions

Belief that he/she has exceptional abilities, wealth, fame, etc.

Persecutory delusions

Belief that one is being harmed, harassed, etc.

Referential delusions

Belief that things in the environment are directed at someone.

Antidepressant medications

Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Zoloft (sertraline), Viibryd, Wellbutrin (bupropion), trazodone

295.90 (F20.9) Schizophrenia (cont.)

D.For Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out because either 1) no major depressive or manic episodes have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms, or 2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, they have been present for a minority of the total duration of the active and residual E.The disturbance is not attributed to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.F.If there is a history of autism spectrum disorder or a communication disorder of childhood onset, the additional diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations, in addition to the other required symptoms of schizophrenia are also present for at least 1 month (or less if successfully treated).

300.22 (F40.00) Agoraphobia cont.

D.The agoraphobic situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense fear or anxiety. E.The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the agoraphobic situations and to the sociocultural context. F.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more. G.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. H.If another medical condition is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly excessive. I.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by another mental disorder. Note: Agoraphobia is diagnosed irrespective of the presence of panic disorder. If any individual's presentation meets criteria for panic disorder and agoraphobia, both diagnoses should be assigned.

Anxiety disorders

Excessive or beyond the accepted developmentally appropriate periods. They are also persistent (typically lasting 6 months or longer). Many of these disorders develop in childhood and persist into adulthood, but not all.

Hallucinations

Experiences that occur without an external stimulus. They generally impact the senses.

300.23 (F40.10) Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) cont.

F.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more. G.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. H.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or medical condition. I.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by the symptoms of another disorder. J.If another medical condition is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly unrelated or excessive. Specify if: Performance only: If the fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public.

Tactile hallucinations

Feeling sensations where there is no stimuli.

Delusions

Fixed beliefs that are do not change, regardless of evidence.

Diminished Emotional Expression

Like a flat affect. There is a reduction of expression in the face, eye contact, tone of voice (prosody), and movements.

When do anxiety disorders develop?

Many of these disorders develop in childhood and persist into adulthood, but not all.

Catatonic

Marked decrease in reactivity to the environment.

Disorganized thinking

Most often observed by the person's speech patterns and topics of conversation.

Panic Attack Specifier

Note: Symptoms are presented for the purpose of identifying a panic attack; however, panic attack is not a mental disorder and cannot be coded. Panic attacks can occur in the context of any anxiety disorder or other mental disorders. For panic disorder, the presence of panic attack is contained within the criteria for the disorder and panic attack is not used as a specifier.

Somatic delusions

Preoccupation with health and other bodily functions.

Negativism

Resistance to instructions.

Visual hallucinations

Seeing various things that others do not see.

Incoherence

Severely disorganized and cannot be followed or understood.

Olfactory hallucinations

Smelling scents that are not present.

Other Anxiety Disorders

Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder pp. 226-230 293.84 (F06.4) Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition pp. 230-232 300.09 (F41.8) Other Specified Anxiety Disorder p. 233 300.00 (F41.9) Unspecified Anxiety Disorder p. 233

Other Depressive Disorders

Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder pp. 175-180 Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition pp.180-183 311 (F32.8) Other Specified Depressive Disorder pp. 183-184 311 (F32.9) Unspecified Depressive Disorder p. 184 Specifiers for Depressive Disorders pp. 184-188

Other Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders

Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder pp. 257-260 294.8 (F06.8) Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition pp.260-263 300.3 (F42) Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder pp.263-264 300.3 (F42) Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder p. 264

Loose associations/Derailment

Switching from one topic to another.

Gustatory hallucinations

Tasting sensations that are not present

Depressive Disorders

The common feature of the Depressive Disorders is the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that severely affect the ability to function. There have been changes to these disorders, with the most notable being Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, which is to diagnose children up to 12 years old. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder has been added to the diagnostic coding. Persistent Depressive Disorder represents a consolidation of Chronic Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder from the DSM-IV-TR.

Auditory hallucinations

The most common, these are experienced as familiar or unfamiliar voices

Grossly Disorganized or Abnormal Motor Behavior

This behavior manifests in a variety of ways, from childlike behaviors from an adult to unpredictable agitation.

Antipsychotics

Thorazine, Prolixin, Permitil, Anatensol, Haldol, Loxitane, Serentil, Clozaril, Risperdal, Latuda, Abilify

Antianxiety medications

Xanax, clonazepam, Vallium, lorazepam, hydroxyzine

Avolition

a decrease in motivation for self-initiated, purposeful activities.

Alogia

a lessened speech output

Negative symptoms

account for a substantial amount of the symptoms for schizophrenia, but are less prominent in other psychotic disorders

Mutism and supor

complete lack of verbal and motor responses.

Antimanic medications/mood stabilizers

lithium, Abilify, Zyprexa, Risperdal, Neurontin, Topamax, Gabitril

Catatonic excitement

purposeless and excessive activity without cause.

Obsessions

recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted.

Other symptoms

repeated movements, staring, grimacing, and echoing of speech.

Compulsions

repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.

Anxiety

the anticipation of a future threat. It can cause immediate physical sensations, such as muscle tension, impact breathing, etc. This can cause cautious or avoidant behaviors.

Anhedonia

the decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive experience.

Fear

the emotional response to real or perceived threats.It can cause fight or flight and through the emotion, physical responses can be formed.

Asociality

the lack of interest in social interactions.