Com 100 Exam 2 (ASU), COM 100- ASU Exam 2, COM 100 Adame ASU Exam 3, Communication 100 ASU Final, COM 100 Stoda Exam 3, ASU COM 100 Exam 2, COM 100 exam 2. asu. stoda. Culture and communication
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
-People find uncertainty to be unpleasant so the reduce their uncertainty by getting to know others. -As uncertainty about a person decreases, liking for that person increases. -influenced by culture. (ie. in the elevator and instead of silently waiting for your floor, you reach out and talk to the other people inside.)
Dichotomous Thinking
"Either/or", "good/bad", "big/small"
Dialectical approach
"both/and"
integrating phase
-"joined at the hip phase" networks are so intertwined that people see them as a package. (ie they don't need to send 2 invitations to a party because its a given they'll be coming together.) -coming together phase
4 factors of attraction theory
-Appearance -Proximity -Similarity -Complementary
High Power Distance
-Certain groups, such as the royal family or members of the ruling political party, have much greater power than the average citizen.
bonding phase.
-In romance terms; marriage. -coming together phase.
Low Context Culture
-People are expected to be direct and say what they mean. -Direct, Clear, Statments, are valued.
High Context Culture
-People are taught to speak in an indirect, inexplicit way. -"Beat around the bush" or "talk around" the subject.
Low Power Distance
-People believe that no one person or group should have excessive power. -The US is a low power distance society.
Uncertainty Avoidance
-People try to avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable -drawn to familiarity, unlike, taking risks, and tend to favor rules and laws.
Monochromatic Culture
-People view time as finite and tangible commodity. -save time, spend time, invest time, fill time, waste time, make time, "time is money"
Social Penetration Theory
-The breadth of depth of self-disclosure help us learn about a person we're getting to know. -the "onion metaphor" (ie. meeting someone and talking about eachothers weekend, then as the time progresses conversation gets deeper and deeper. aka "the onion")
norm of reciprocity
-give a little and get a little back. -varies in breadth and depth. (ie. I give you a gift, you send me a card.)
predictability vs Novelty
-how planned our lives are. do you want everything structured and planned or do want to be free floating with no plans?
initiation phase
-making eye contact, smiling, winking, etc. -coming together stage
Uncertainty Acceptance
-people are open to new situations and more accepting of people and ideas that are different from their own. -"live and let live"
Polychromatic Culture
-people view time as fluid and holistic, and infinite. -time is a never ending river.
experimenting phase
-starts as soon as people start asking questions and talking to each other. Small talk. -coming together phase.
intensifying phase
-typically where people meet outside of the contact where they first met. (ie. meeting in class and starts hanging out outside of the classroom.) -they also start getting to know eachothers friends. -coming together phase.
autonomy vs connection
-you have an innate connection where you want to be with and fit in with people. However you also have the desire to stick out and be yourself.
Culture
Learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people
contempt
most harmful and the most subtle message. (ie sarcasm, eye rolling, etc)
Masculine vs Feminine Society
not gender based, but how people communicate.
Long Term Orientation
people stress the importance of virtue
Power distance
refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations w/in a culture except and accept an unequal distribution of power
Complementary
relationship where "opposites attract" and is the surface level of familiarity
Proximity
relationship where people who are close to us are people we are more attracted to.
Individualistic Orientation
represents the autonomy and independence of individuals
relational maintance
shared between integrating & bonding (coming together) and differentiating and circumstancing. (coming apart)
Collectivistic Orientation
stresses the needs of the group
knapps stages
the stages of the escalation and decline in any relationship
openness vs closeness
to what extent do you want to disclose yourself
How might we be wrong?
which of the following is a good example of a question to combat the natural biases of groups.
Attraction Theory
We are attracted to people in pattern ways
View of Human Nature
expresses whether humans are fundamentally good, evil or both
Preferred Orientation
expresses whether it is more important for a person to "do" or to be "be"
Predicting Divorce
after watching couples for 10 minutes, Gotten can predict divorce with 90% accuracy.
Culture Shock
A feeling of disorientation and discomfort as a result of lack of familiar environmental cues
Masculine Society
Ambition Achievement Acquisition of material goods. People have sex-specific gender roles for men and women.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Argues relationship development that is facilitated or derailed by participants efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other
Equity Theory
Argues that people are more satisfied in relationships that are fair, where the cost are balanced or exceeds their rewards
Predicted outcome theory
Attempts to explain how reducing uncertainty can lead to attraction or repulsion
Knapps Stages: Coming together (Romantic Relational Development)
Initiating Experimenting Intensifying Integrating Bonding
Polytheistic
Belief in more than one god
Monotheistic
Belief in one god
Cultural Values
Beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned
Initating
Both people behave to appear pleasant and likeable
Integrating
Both people portray themselves as a couple
Intensifying
Both people seek to increase intimacy and connectedness
Experimenting
Both people seek to learn about each other
Bonding
Characterized by public commitment
What are cultural values?
Collectivism vs Individualism Preferred Personality Human Nature Human Nature Relationship Power Distance Long Term vs Short Term
Intercultural Communication
Communication occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different
Circumscribing
Couples discuss safe topics
Differentiating
Couples increase their interpersonal distance
Avoiding
Couples try not to interact with each other
Stagnating
Couples try to prevent change
What are dialectical tensions?
Cultural vs Individual Personal vs Context Differences vs Similarities Static vs Dynamic Past vs Present vs Future Privilege vs Disadvantage
Reverse Culture Shock/ Reentry Shock
Culture shock experienced travelers on returning to their home country
Matching Hypothesis
Develop relationships with people who are as attractive as yourself
Knapps Stages: Coming Apart (Romantic Relational Dissolution)
Differentiating Circumscribing Stagnating Avoiding Terminating
Heterogenous
Diverse
Attraction Theory
Explains primary forces that bring people together
Social Exchange Theory
Explains the development and longevity of relationships to maximize the awards and minimize the costs of their relationships
Dialectical Tensions
Facing 2 opposing ideas at the same time. (ie. "love-hate relationship"
Proximity
How physically close one is to another
defensiveness
Meeting another person complaints with criticism
Cocultural Group
Minority group within a dominant majority that doesn't share dominant groups values or communication patterns
Feminine Society
Nurturance Quality of life service to others People do not have sex-specific gender roles for men and women.
Stonewalling
One person is talking, and the other is just nodding and saying "uh huh", "k", "yea", etc.
Equity
Ones cost is balanced by ones reward
Overbenefitted
People perceive their awards exceed their costs
Underbenefitted
People perceive their costs exceed their rewards
Similarity
People share same values, interests and background
Voluntary Short-term Travelers
People who are border dwellers by choice and for a limited time Ex- study-abroad students or corporate personnel
Voluntary Long-Term Travelers
People who are border dwellers by choice and for an extended time Ex- immigrants
Collectivistic
People who believe their primary responsibility is to their family, community, employers, and their group.
Individualism
People who believe their primary responsibility is to themselves
Involuntary Short-Term Travelers
People who border dwellers not by choice and only for a limited time Ex- refugees forced to move
Involuntary Long-Term Travelers
People who border dwellers permanently but not by choice Ex- those who relocate to escape war
Encapsulated Marginal People
People who feel disintegrated by having to shift cultures
Border dwellers
People who live between cultures, and often experience contradictory cultural patterns
Constructive Marginal People
People who thrive in a border dwellers life, while recognizing it's tremendous challenges
What are intercultural communication contexts?
Political Historical Social
What are intercultural communication ethics?
Reflexive Aware Open
Similarity
Relationship where people connect with deeply seeded beliefs.
Intentional, truthful, & reciprocal
Self Disclosure in relationships
Short Term Orientation
Stresses the importance of possessing one fundamental truth
Attractiveness
The appeal one person has for another based on looks, personality and behavior
Equity Theory
The best relationship is one where my costs and benefits, are equal to those of partners my costs & benefits = their costs & benefits (ie. I leave my home to move in with a friend, i live with my SO = they lose their privacy, they live with me)
criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling
The most harmful type of messages in an intimate relationship
Diaspora (Increased opportunities for intercultural contact)
The movement, migration, or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland
Human-Nature Value Orientation
The perceived relationship between humans and nature
Context
The situation around us.
Culture
Totality of learned, shared symbols, language, values and norms that distinguish one group from another
What are border dwellers?
Travel Socialization Relationships
T/F: Knapps stages focus on how people communicate as their relationship develops or declines
True
Peacebuilding (Improved intergroup relations)
Working toward stability in a region to prevent conflicts from escalating into war
Criticism
a direct attack on the persons character