Com 100 Exam 2 (ASU), COM 100- ASU Exam 2, COM 100 Adame ASU Exam 3, Communication 100 ASU Final, COM 100 Stoda Exam 3, ASU COM 100 Exam 2, COM 100 exam 2. asu. stoda. Culture and communication

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

-People find uncertainty to be unpleasant so the reduce their uncertainty by getting to know others. -As uncertainty about a person decreases, liking for that person increases. -influenced by culture. (ie. in the elevator and instead of silently waiting for your floor, you reach out and talk to the other people inside.)

Dichotomous Thinking

"Either/or", "good/bad", "big/small"

Dialectical approach

"both/and"

integrating phase

-"joined at the hip phase" networks are so intertwined that people see them as a package. (ie they don't need to send 2 invitations to a party because its a given they'll be coming together.) -coming together phase

4 factors of attraction theory

-Appearance -Proximity -Similarity -Complementary

High Power Distance

-Certain groups, such as the royal family or members of the ruling political party, have much greater power than the average citizen.

bonding phase.

-In romance terms; marriage. -coming together phase.

Low Context Culture

-People are expected to be direct and say what they mean. -Direct, Clear, Statments, are valued.

High Context Culture

-People are taught to speak in an indirect, inexplicit way. -"Beat around the bush" or "talk around" the subject.

Low Power Distance

-People believe that no one person or group should have excessive power. -The US is a low power distance society.

Uncertainty Avoidance

-People try to avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable -drawn to familiarity, unlike, taking risks, and tend to favor rules and laws.

Monochromatic Culture

-People view time as finite and tangible commodity. -save time, spend time, invest time, fill time, waste time, make time, "time is money"

Social Penetration Theory

-The breadth of depth of self-disclosure help us learn about a person we're getting to know. -the "onion metaphor" (ie. meeting someone and talking about eachothers weekend, then as the time progresses conversation gets deeper and deeper. aka "the onion")

norm of reciprocity

-give a little and get a little back. -varies in breadth and depth. (ie. I give you a gift, you send me a card.)

predictability vs Novelty

-how planned our lives are. do you want everything structured and planned or do want to be free floating with no plans?

initiation phase

-making eye contact, smiling, winking, etc. -coming together stage

Uncertainty Acceptance

-people are open to new situations and more accepting of people and ideas that are different from their own. -"live and let live"

Polychromatic Culture

-people view time as fluid and holistic, and infinite. -time is a never ending river.

experimenting phase

-starts as soon as people start asking questions and talking to each other. Small talk. -coming together phase.

intensifying phase

-typically where people meet outside of the contact where they first met. (ie. meeting in class and starts hanging out outside of the classroom.) -they also start getting to know eachothers friends. -coming together phase.

autonomy vs connection

-you have an innate connection where you want to be with and fit in with people. However you also have the desire to stick out and be yourself.

Culture

Learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people

contempt

most harmful and the most subtle message. (ie sarcasm, eye rolling, etc)

Masculine vs Feminine Society

not gender based, but how people communicate.

Long Term Orientation

people stress the importance of virtue

Power distance

refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations w/in a culture except and accept an unequal distribution of power

Complementary

relationship where "opposites attract" and is the surface level of familiarity

Proximity

relationship where people who are close to us are people we are more attracted to.

Individualistic Orientation

represents the autonomy and independence of individuals

relational maintance

shared between integrating & bonding (coming together) and differentiating and circumstancing. (coming apart)

Collectivistic Orientation

stresses the needs of the group

knapps stages

the stages of the escalation and decline in any relationship

openness vs closeness

to what extent do you want to disclose yourself

How might we be wrong?

which of the following is a good example of a question to combat the natural biases of groups.

Attraction Theory

We are attracted to people in pattern ways

View of Human Nature

expresses whether humans are fundamentally good, evil or both

Preferred Orientation

expresses whether it is more important for a person to "do" or to be "be"

Predicting Divorce

after watching couples for 10 minutes, Gotten can predict divorce with 90% accuracy.

Culture Shock

A feeling of disorientation and discomfort as a result of lack of familiar environmental cues

Masculine Society

Ambition Achievement Acquisition of material goods. People have sex-specific gender roles for men and women.

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Argues relationship development that is facilitated or derailed by participants efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other

Equity Theory

Argues that people are more satisfied in relationships that are fair, where the cost are balanced or exceeds their rewards

Predicted outcome theory

Attempts to explain how reducing uncertainty can lead to attraction or repulsion

Knapps Stages: Coming together (Romantic Relational Development)

Initiating Experimenting Intensifying Integrating Bonding

Polytheistic

Belief in more than one god

Monotheistic

Belief in one god

Cultural Values

Beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned

Initating

Both people behave to appear pleasant and likeable

Integrating

Both people portray themselves as a couple

Intensifying

Both people seek to increase intimacy and connectedness

Experimenting

Both people seek to learn about each other

Bonding

Characterized by public commitment

What are cultural values?

Collectivism vs Individualism Preferred Personality Human Nature Human Nature Relationship Power Distance Long Term vs Short Term

Intercultural Communication

Communication occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different

Circumscribing

Couples discuss safe topics

Differentiating

Couples increase their interpersonal distance

Avoiding

Couples try not to interact with each other

Stagnating

Couples try to prevent change

What are dialectical tensions?

Cultural vs Individual Personal vs Context Differences vs Similarities Static vs Dynamic Past vs Present vs Future Privilege vs Disadvantage

Reverse Culture Shock/ Reentry Shock

Culture shock experienced travelers on returning to their home country

Matching Hypothesis

Develop relationships with people who are as attractive as yourself

Knapps Stages: Coming Apart (Romantic Relational Dissolution)

Differentiating Circumscribing Stagnating Avoiding Terminating

Heterogenous

Diverse

Attraction Theory

Explains primary forces that bring people together

Social Exchange Theory

Explains the development and longevity of relationships to maximize the awards and minimize the costs of their relationships

Dialectical Tensions

Facing 2 opposing ideas at the same time. (ie. "love-hate relationship"

Proximity

How physically close one is to another

defensiveness

Meeting another person complaints with criticism

Cocultural Group

Minority group within a dominant majority that doesn't share dominant groups values or communication patterns

Feminine Society

Nurturance Quality of life service to others People do not have sex-specific gender roles for men and women.

Stonewalling

One person is talking, and the other is just nodding and saying "uh huh", "k", "yea", etc.

Equity

Ones cost is balanced by ones reward

Overbenefitted

People perceive their awards exceed their costs

Underbenefitted

People perceive their costs exceed their rewards

Similarity

People share same values, interests and background

Voluntary Short-term Travelers

People who are border dwellers by choice and for a limited time Ex- study-abroad students or corporate personnel

Voluntary Long-Term Travelers

People who are border dwellers by choice and for an extended time Ex- immigrants

Collectivistic

People who believe their primary responsibility is to their family, community, employers, and their group.

Individualism

People who believe their primary responsibility is to themselves

Involuntary Short-Term Travelers

People who border dwellers not by choice and only for a limited time Ex- refugees forced to move

Involuntary Long-Term Travelers

People who border dwellers permanently but not by choice Ex- those who relocate to escape war

Encapsulated Marginal People

People who feel disintegrated by having to shift cultures

Border dwellers

People who live between cultures, and often experience contradictory cultural patterns

Constructive Marginal People

People who thrive in a border dwellers life, while recognizing it's tremendous challenges

What are intercultural communication contexts?

Political Historical Social

What are intercultural communication ethics?

Reflexive Aware Open

Similarity

Relationship where people connect with deeply seeded beliefs.

Intentional, truthful, & reciprocal

Self Disclosure in relationships

Short Term Orientation

Stresses the importance of possessing one fundamental truth

Attractiveness

The appeal one person has for another based on looks, personality and behavior

Equity Theory

The best relationship is one where my costs and benefits, are equal to those of partners my costs & benefits = their costs & benefits (ie. I leave my home to move in with a friend, i live with my SO = they lose their privacy, they live with me)

criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling

The most harmful type of messages in an intimate relationship

Diaspora (Increased opportunities for intercultural contact)

The movement, migration, or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland

Human-Nature Value Orientation

The perceived relationship between humans and nature

Context

The situation around us.

Culture

Totality of learned, shared symbols, language, values and norms that distinguish one group from another

What are border dwellers?

Travel Socialization Relationships

T/F: Knapps stages focus on how people communicate as their relationship develops or declines

True

Peacebuilding (Improved intergroup relations)

Working toward stability in a region to prevent conflicts from escalating into war

Criticism

a direct attack on the persons character