Cognitive Psychology Final
________ is considered a form of implicit memory, but _______ is considered a form of explicit memory. A) classical conditioning, operant conditioning B) semantic memory, procedural memory C) operant conditioning, classical conditioning D) repetition priming, procedural memory
A) Classical conditioning, operant conditioning
Computers are not good at recognizing Donald Trump's face if A) Donald Trump's face is viewed from an angle B) animal faces are substituted for Donald Trump's face C) Donald Trump's face is displayed with an inaccurate scar or deformity D) the face is of Donald Trump as a child
A) Donald Trump's face is viewed from an angle
Megan and Lauren are rooming together at Northwest and are taking the same biology class. In five days, they will have their first exam during the 9:00-10:00 class period. Both of them are planning on studying for 4 hours for the exam, but because of their different schedules, Megan will study 1 hour for each of the next 4 days and Lauren is going to study 4 hours the day before the biology exam. What could you predict about their performances? A) Megan should perform better because of the spacing effect B) State-dependent learning predicts that Megan should perform better, because the exam takes place during a one-hour class period C) Lauren will perform better because of a long-term memory recency effect D) Megan and Lauren should perform equally well, because each studied the same time overall (supporting the equal-time hypothesis)
A) Megan should perform better because of the spacing effect
Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory? A) Pavlov's assistants feeling the need to frantically write down notes whenever they heard the sound of a bell (classical conditioning). B) reliving your last birthday (party or not) C) remembering where you were when you heard that Kobe Bryant had died in a helicopter crash D) knowing the date (November 3rd) of the 2020 election
A) Pavlov's assistants feeling the need to frantically write down notes whenever they heard the sound of a bell (classical conditioning).
Claire and her family are getting ready to move. Claire decides to start putting items into moving boxes. As she is going through items in a closet, she finds newborn pictures of her son, who is now 10 years old. Claire begins to cry tears of happiness. Seeing those photos most likely activated her: A) amygdala B) prefrontal C) medial temporal lobe D) thalamus
A) amygdala
If we ascribed to the levels of processing theory, the strength of a memory would depend on the depth at which information was A) encoded B) retrieved C) stored D) consolidated
A) encoded
Suppose Shakira can remember 11 digits in a row. This would mean she has A) exceptional short-term memory B) an absence of sensory memory C) normal short-term memory D) poor short-term memory
A) exceptional short-term memory
If you write your own study guide, it will be better for you than a study guide written by one of your classmates (assuming the same information is on both guides). This is an example of the A) generation effect B) multiple trace hypothesis C) spacing effect D) cued recall effect
A) generation effect
In the experiment using the :little green objects," the researchers found that following intensive "recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) _______ response to the green objects and a(n) _______ response to faces. A) increased; decreased B) decreased; increased C) decreased; unvaried D) increased; unvaried
A) increased; decreased
If Beyonce sees a group of fans as a fan club, rather than as individuals, this reflects the principle of A) perceptual organization B) conjunction C) perceptual fusion D) perceptual discriminability
A) perceptual organization
If Monica realizes that all patterns are perceived so that her final perception is the simplest it can be, this is called the law of A) pragnanz/simplicity B) continuity C) similarity D) common fate
A) pragnanz/simplicity
Based on the discussion in your text, if your brain identifies a red colored box as a mix of "something that is red" and "something that is rectangular," you are using the ________ of attention A) pre-attentive stage B) feature stage C) Gestalt stage D) focused stage
A) pre-attentive stage
Suppose you wanted to memorize all of the information you are presented in 4 different psychology courses you are taking this semester. As you start out, you feel you are doing well, but by the end of the day you feel as though you can't remember anything from your 4th class. This is best explained as the effect of A) proactive interference B) overloading the episodic buffer C) retroactive interference D) overloading the central executive
A) proactive interference
Just like looking at a penny, simply repeating some information many times over is most likely to A) produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories B) cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory C) lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference D) lead to effective autobiographical memories
A) produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories
A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in A) remembering meeting Donald Trump B) remembering the list of groceries needed from the supermarket C) recognizing their mother D) reading where to find tools in their garage
A) remembering meeting Donald Trump
In the movie 12:01, an office worker has his day "reset" every night at 1 minute past midnight, but keeps his memory of the day that has been reset. Because of this, he is able to woo his love interest and ultimately "save the day." One reason the main character is able to respond so well to recurring events, even if he did not explicitly remember them, would be because of A) repetition priming B) procedural memory C) mental time travel D) reconsolidation
A) repetition priming
If an accountant wanted to remember her professional license number (that was 20 digits long), how would you recommend she do so? A) she should think of the numbers a sequence of dollars and cents B) she should visualize the front of her license document as a picture C) she should first memorize a few other sequences of 20 digits to gain some practice D) she should picture each of the numbers in her head printed in a large font
A) she should think of the numbers a sequence of dollars and cents
In general, Abigail, who is from the United States, will have the lowest threshold for which of the following words? A) the name of Abigail's hometown, New Braunfels B) the word "rutabaga" C) the word "cheeky" D) the word "platypus"
A) the name of Abigail's hometown, New Braunfels
Bill Nye the Science Guy is conducting an experiment where participants see a number of target letters flashed briefly on a screen and are told to immediately write down the letters in the order they were presented. It is most likely that the target letter "P" will be misidentified as A) "H" B) "D" C) "L" D) "Q"
B) "D"
When you're at a party and meeting a lot of people, the longest your should expect to be able to remember any one person's name, without taking any special steps, is A) 1-3 minutes or more B) 30 seconds or less C) an hour D) 1-3 seconds
B) 30 seconds or less
Every exam in this course uses multiple choice questions. Of the student's behaviors below, which best exemplifies the use of implicit memory? A) Josie doesn't know what the answer is, but refuses to leave an answer blank. She decides to write down everything she knows about the topic B) Braxton has a vague sense that answer "c" is familiar, and so chooses that as his response C) Timothy knows he doesn't know the answer, so he leaves the answer blank D) Alice remembers that "b" is the correct answer, and that the information was on her second page of notes
B) Braxton has a vague sense that answer "c" is familiar, and so chooses that as his response
If Angel has poor semantic memory and good episodic memory, but Mark has poor episodic memory and good semantic memory, what would we call this? A) a deficit in implicit memory B) a double dissociation C) a deficit in explicit memory D) a deficit in autobiographical memory
B) a double dissociation
Blake Shelton is given a task with the instructions "Read the numbers in front of you while repeating 'yes, yes, yes, yes' out loud, look away, and then write down the numbers you can remember reading". Hw would most likely be studying A) the central executive B) articulatory suppression C) echoic memory D) the visuospatial sketch pad
B) articulatory suppression
If Kim Kardashian West can remember the day of her first date with Kanye, as well as being able to relive that event, this is likely a(n) A) single semantic memory B) autobiographical memory C) set of implicit memories D) impossible thing, since it involves both semantic and episodic memory
B) autobiographical memory
If people are shown a list of 20 words in an experiment, and this were done many times, using multiple people, we would expect overall memory performance for these words to be the best for A) the first words in the list B) both the first and last words in the list C) the last words in the list D) the middle words in the list
B) both the first and last words in the list
If Dr. Jasinski says "Congratulations Bearcats" but you don't realize what he said until a second after he said it, you are using your _________ A) iconic memory B) echoic memory C) phonological loop D) pre-perceptual auditory memory
B) echoic memory
Seth is able to use automatic processing because A) his response times are long B) his tasks are well-practiced C) his attention is focused D) his cognitive resources are high
B) his tasks are well-practiced
President Jasinski wants to know why imagery enhances memory. What would you tell him? A) pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words B) imagery can be used to create meaningful connections for items we want to remember C) the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words D) research shows people like pictures better than words, so there is an enhanced emotional response
B) imagery can be used to create meaningful connections for items we want to remember
Consider the following statements based on the load theory of attention: If Homer was eating a doughnut while being a nuclear safety inspector, he may find that he doesn't have to pay much attention to eating the doughnut. For Homer, eating a doughnut doesn't require very much attention, and therefore it is a(n) _______ task. A) high-load B) low-load C) attenuated D) automatic
B) low-load
Michelle is participating in a memory study. Which studying approach will allow for the best recall, according to the levels of processing theory? A) repeating the words over and over in your mind B) making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned C) generating a rhyming word for each word to be remembered D) deciding how many vowels each word has
B) making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned
Which task below would least likely be used to test for implicit memory? A) testing someone's ability to be conditioned to react to a loud noise B) matching Spanish vocabulary words with their English translations C) asking someone to describe how they perform mathematical problem solving in their head D) completing a word for which the first and last letter have been supplied
B) matching Spanish vocabulary words with their English translations
Alex is reading a copy of the Northwest Missourian while sitting outside of Colden Hall. While reading, he was also thinking about how thirsty he is and about going to the Commons for a root beer. He suddenly realizes that he can't remember anything that he just read in the Northwest Missourian. This is an example of A) an object-based attentional failure B) mind wandering C) the late-selection model of attention D) the cocktail party phenomenon
B) mind wandering
If we believe that we are able to recall remote (i.e., from the distant past) episodic memories using the hippocampus, we likely ascribe to the A) standard model of consolidation B) multiple trace hypothesis C) all of the above D) levels of processing theory
B) multiple trace hypothesis
suppose you have been taking this test and selecting "A" the entire time. If I write you an email and tell you that you need to stop choosing "A" and switch to "B" to increase your grade, but you are unable to stop and continue to choose "A", you are demonstrating A) a willful disrespect of authority B) perseveration C) agnosia D) a deficiency in long-term memory
B) perseveration
Which part of your brain is MOST important for tasks such as remembering the sounds of a list of words, manipulating three dimensional objects in space and reliving your high school graduation? A) parietal lobe B) prefrontal cortex C) amygdala D) occipital lobe
B) prefrontal cortex
Suppose that Elvis is teaching Kobe Bryant how to play badminton. Elvis teaches Kobe where to stand in the court to play doubles, and the best technique to use to hit the shuttlecock. In this scenario, Elvis is teaching Kobe _________ skills (NOT memory) A) semantic B) procedural C) old D) implicit
B) procedural
Suppose you wanted to remember to make a car payment, but had been forgetting to do so the past several months (and had been paying extra money because of it!). In addition to setting a reminder on your phone, you also draw a large dollar sign ($) and a picture of a car on a piece of paper, and tape this to your computer monitor (ensuring you see it every day). This would be an example of what type of cue? A) processing B) retrieval C) consolidation D) encoding
B) retrieval
Suppose Mary Tess is studying astronomy and biology at Northwest. She already knew a lot about biology, so most of her studying has been spent on her astronomy course. However, when she goes to take her next biology exam she's appalled to discover that she can't remember everything she thought she knew previously. This situation is best explained as the effect of A) proactive interference B) retroactive interference C) a deficiency in long-term memory D) an overload of the central executive
B) retroactive interference
Which of the following options would be an important factor in automatic processing? A) close attention B) tasks that are well-practiced C) the use of many cognitive resources D) difficulty in performing parallel tasks
B) tasks that are well-practiced
If Jay-Z had a problem forming new long-term memories, which part of the serial position effect experiment would most likely be affected the most? A) none; that experiment only uses short-term memory B) the beginning C) the end D) the middle
B) the beginning
The attention model proposed by Broadbent suggests that an attended message is identified by A) meaning B) tone or gender of the speaker C) the ambiguous nature of the message D) higher order characteristics
B) tone or gender of the speaker
Mackenzie, a psychology major, notices that her memory is better if the thing she is doing (writing notes, imagining ways to work with the information, etc.) when she learns some material matches the thing she is doing when she's tested on the material (writing an essay, solving a related problem, etc.). This is called A) elaborative rehearsal B) transfer-appropriate processing C) state-dependent learning D) encoding specificity
B) transfer-appropriate processing
Research has shown that if Patrick Stewart is ________ of a single word he's hearing in one ear while also hearing _________ in another ear, he will still be influenced by the single word A) unaware; a musical soundtrack B) unaware; ambiguous sentences C) subconsciously aware; ambiguous sentences D) aware; unambiguous sentences
B) unaware; ambiguous sentences
The Gestalt psychologists, who disagreed with Wundt, suggested that A) we can only understand perception when we "sum" individual objects into a greater whole B) we want to understand how sensations are grouped together to create larger perceptions C) we need to identify the neurons that create perception D) we must understand the basic components of perception
B) we want to understand how sensations are grouped together to create larger perceptions
Imagine that U.S. lawmakers are considering changing the driving laws and that you been consulted as an attention expert. Given the principles of divided attention, in which of the following conditions would a person have the LEAST difficulty with driving and therefore pose the LOWEST safety risk on the road? A) when the driver has to use their GPS on their phone to navigate downtown traffic B) when the driver is stuck in stop-and-go traffic C) when the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle that is more difficult to operate D) when the person has to drive to work early in the morning and decides to eat breakfast on the way to work
B) when the driver is stuck in stop-and-go traffic
Suppose you hear the following on a political ad that plays on TV: "Candidate A was once caught cheating on his wife! Can we really afford such immorality in our government? He's also swindled thousands of dollars of public funds clearly demonstrating a lack of ethics! He was also once caught sunbathing in the nude!" You then hear the following news a few days later: "Candidate B has been making up lies about Candidate A. Everything they said was false, and Candidate B will soon be going to jail for slander." Which of the following statements are you LEAST LIKELY to remember, based on the propaganda effect? A) candidate A has no ethics B) you should ignore the ad about candidate A, because it was all a lie C) candidate A is immoral D) candidate A sunbathes in the nude
B) you should ignore the ad about candidate A, because it was all a lie
Articulatory suppression happens when A) you try to say "In" or "Out" while pointing at a letter projected on a screen B) you try to hum one song while listening to another C) you try to remember what you said to your teacher on your first day of school D) you try to remember the meaning off difficult vocabulary words
B) you try to hum one song while listening to another
Suppose you were participating in an experiment and watching a group of people playing croquet. Your task is to count the number of times a particular team hits a ball with a mallet. If you didn't see a man carrying a pogo stick as they walked between the players, it was likely because A) the man with the pogo stick was in motion, just like the croquet players B) you were counting the number of times the ball was hit by the mallet C) the pogo stick was in motion just like the croquet players' mallets D) it wasn't something you thought was important
B) you were counting the number of times the ball was hit by the mallet
Based on attention research, we can surmise that if Angelina Jolie is attending a party she is most likely to spend the most time looking at A) areas of the party that contain the least important things for her B) areas of the party where she doesn't know anyone C) areas of the party that contain the most important things for her D) areas of the party where she knows almost everyone
C) areas of the party that contain the most important things for her
Researchers found out that information in short-term memory is mostly coded in ________ form, and information in _________ is mostly coded in semantic form. A) visual, working memory B) visual, long-term memory C) auditory, long-term memory D) auditory, working memory
C) auditory, long-term memory
"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." The reason this statement is an example of an episodic memory is A) because there are autobiographical components B) because it is a simple fact that is remembered C) because it involves "going back" to the event and reliving it D) because it involves a procedure (remembering) that doesn't require conscious thought
C) because it involves "going back" to the event and reliving it
If Dr. Zhivago removes a part of someone's brain (with permission) in order to study the effects of the removal, this is known as A) a lobotomy B) mental castration C) brain ablation D) dissociation
C) brain ablation
One way to prevent rehearsal of information, as discussed in your text, is to____________. A) view stimuli at a slower pace B) use a very long list of stimuli that is presented very fast (>30 items at one item per second) C) count backward for 30 seconds before recall D) insert a 30-second delay before recall
C) count backward for 30 seconds before recall
Occasionally, it is possible that divided attention tasks can become easier over time. This decrease in difficulty occurs A) when processing is done verbally B) when processing is more controlled C) due to automatic processing D) when verbal processing is prohibited
C) due to automatic processing
In a Personality Psychology class, students are often taught to use the familiar word "OCEAN" as a cue for remembering, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). The use of the well-known word, OCEAN, provides an example of which phenomena: A) repetition priming B) a self-reference effect C) elaborative rehearsal D) implicit memory
C) elaborative rehearsal
If Mark is learning about biology at home but not at school, he is encoding both the information about biology and the things in his home. This is known as A) state-dependent learning B) repetition priming C) encoding specificity D) a self-reference effect
C) encoding specificity
If you see your pet Sam the snake coiled on your back porch, you can realize that Sam is an entire snake (instead of a bunch of pieces of snake) because of the law of A) good figure B) familiarity C) good continuation D) simplicity
C) good continuation
In Einstein's brain there was a pathway that began in the occipital lobe and traveled to the temporal lobe. Einstein would have used this part of his brain for A) mathematical calculations B) using visual imagery with objects C) identifying objects D) manipulating objects
C) identifying objects
Suppose Johnny Depp is memorizing his lines for his next major movie part. If another actor, jealous of Johnny's success, wanted to make Johnny forget the last set of lines he put into long-term memory, how could they do it? A) make Johnny Depp listen to the lines being read out loud, rather than allowing him to read them B) make Johnny Depp study his lines very slowly C) make Johnny Depp count a "countdown" for about 30 seconds right after he finished studying his lines D) make Johnny Depp repeat something (e.g., "la, la, la") while studying his lines
C) make Johnny Depp count a "countdown" for about 30 seconds right after he finished studying his lines
According to Hebb's theory of long-term potentiation, our memories are represented physically in our brain by structural changes in all of the items below EXCEPT: A) postsynaptic neuron B) presynaptic neuron C) neurotransmitters D) synapse
C) neurotransmitters
Which of the options below explains why Jonas would perceive a picket fence or a horizontal tree branch better than a downhill slope? A) law of pragnanz/simplicity B) law of good continuation C) oblique effect D) principle of familiarity
C) oblique effect
Suppose Jake uses his experiences as a firefighter and information from his senses, such as feelings of temperature, sounds of things burning, and his view of flames to help guide his actions during a fire rescue. Cognitive psychologists would say that Jake is using the ability known as ___________ in such situations. A) sensation B) attention C) perception D) feature integration
C) perception
Suppose Tara memorizes the lyrics to her favorite song on her way to class on Monday morning. However, in her first class Tara and one of her friends (Angela) are asked to memorize "No Man Is An Island" by John Donne. After 20 minutes, Tara and Angela's instructor has them recite the poem from memory, and Tara has a much harder time remembering the poem than Angela does. This is probably because of A) a recency effect B) retroactive interference C) proactive interference D) overloading the phonological loop
C) proactive interference
Recent research suggests that ________ could be implemented to reduce the effects of PTSD A) electrical shocks B) transfer-appropriate processing C) reconsolidation D) guided imagery
C) reconsolidation
If Travis Kelce drives his Porsche from his house to the Chiefs practice field, and then to Pat Mahomes's house, what part of his working memory is he using the MOST during this process if he has two passengers with him? A) the visuospatial sketch pad B) the phonological loop C) the central executive D) the episodic buffer
C) the central executive
With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find shortest response times when A) the shape and the name differed B) the color and the name differed C) the color and the name matched D) the shape and the name matched
C) the color and the name matched
The text suggests that you "flip" an image to demonstrate how some things can appear to "stick out" or "be pushed in". This demonstrates A) the oblique effect B) size constancy C) the light-from-above heuristic D) the inverse projection problem
C) the light-from-above heuristic
Lane is taking a cognitive psychology class and is learning about shallow processing of a word. He knows that this type of processing occurs when someone's attention is focused on what? A) the category of a word B) the pleasantness of a word C) the physical features of the word D) the meaning of a word
C) the physical features of the word
Aleshia took a drink from a can labelled "Dr. Pepper." She spit out the drink because the can was actually full of Orange Shasta. Even through Aleshia enjoys Orange Shasta, she still had a bad reaction to drinking it. Her response was most affected by A) bottom-up processing B) focused attention C) top-down processing D) regularities of the environment
C) top-down processing
Humans are better at successfully reading unclear information than computers, most likely because of A) their in-depth understanding of principles of perception B) bottom-up processing C) top-down processing D) repeated practice at the task
C) top-down processing
Differing from Cherry's dichotic listening experiment, Stroop's experiment showed us that problems occur when people A) are told to divide their attention between colors and shapes B) try to select some incoming information based on meaning C) try to name colors and ignore meanings D) are told to shadow two messages simultaneously
C) try to name colors and ignore meanings
Jimmie Johnson is driving on a brand new racing track that he is unfamiliar with. According to Baddeley and Hitch's model, which of the following would NOT make Jimmie's task harder? A) trying to imagine a portrait from a recent museum exhibit B) trying to remember a map of the area C) trying to remember the definition of a word he just learned D) trying to imagine how many cabinets are in his kitchen
C) trying to remember the definition of a word he just learned
The path in Khan's brain that helps him act on objects is known as the ______, and the part that helps Khan perceive things is called the______. A) what pathway; where pathway B) size pathway; distance pathway C) where pathway; what pathway D) distance pathway; size pathway
C) where pathway; what pathway
The limitations of the capacity of the phonological loop were demonstrated through the A) phonological similarity effect B) effects of articulatory suppression C) word length effect D) studies of the central executive
C) word length effect
Which of the following would most likely be a detailed long-term memory? A) Chris Rock thinking about the taste of the beer he is drinking right now B) Chris Rock thinking about his first date 6 years ago C) Chris Rock remembering his discussion with his manager about performing at a new venue last month D) Chris Rock thinking about the stand-up routine he finished 5 minutes ago
D) Chris Rock thinking about the stand-up routine he finished 5 minutes ago
Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory? A) I remember watching a volcano erupt on YouTube before I left for my trip to Hawaii B) I remember my earth science teacher telling me how volcanoes erupt C) I remember traveling to the big island of Hawaii and seeing an active volcano D) I remember that "volcano" is spelled without an "e" at the end, unless it's plural
D) I remember that "volcano" is spelled without an "e" at the end, unless it's plural
Suppose you think to yourself "I really want a pear the next time I go to HyVee." Unfortunately, you're not able to go to HyVee until a week later, at which time you try to remember the thing you wanted to get. Of the following items, which are you MOST LIKELY to accidentally remember wanting? A) a bear claw (pastry) B) a pair of bananas C) a paring knife D) an apple
D) an apple
__________ makes the ___________ "too full" and can change how some stimuli affect memory A) visual encoding, episodic buffer B) articulatory suppression, episodic buffer C) visual encoding, visuospatial sketchpad D) articulatory suppression, phonological loop
D) articulatory suppression, phonological loop
Hebb's memory mechanism proposal is associated with A) changes at the synapse B) changes in specialized areas of the brain C) long-term potentiation D) both changes at the synapse and long-term potentiation
D) both changes at the synapse and long-term potentiation
Allision asks you to distinguish between elaborative and maintenance rehearsal to establishing long-term memories. How should you describe that relationship? A) each one is sometimes more effective, depending on the learning circumstances B) maintenance is more effective than elaborative C) both are equally effective in all learning circumstances D) elaborative is more effective than maintenance
D) elaborative is more effective than maintenance
Francisco is able to "split" his attention at his job as a barista for all of the reasons below, EXCEPT for A) a lot of practice with the tasks B) the type of processing being used C) the difficulty of the tasks D) his Default Mode Network (DMN) is highly developed
D) his Default Mode Network (DMN) is highly developed
If you were to ask people to choose words based on what they looked like (e.g., by color), rather than what they meant (e.g., action verbs), you would find that it's very hard for people to A) ignore the size of words B) ignore the color of words C) respond quickly to words D) ignore the meaning of words
D) ignore the meaning of words
The following statement represents what kind of memory? "Every time I hear music by the Beatles, I feel the need to tap my feet!" A)v procedural B) autobiographical C) episodic D) implicit
D) implicit
Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical regularity in your text? A) the frequency of horizontals and verticals in the environment B) light waves present on particular surfaces on a beach C) buildings overlapping in a cityscape D) items in an office or clothing in a clothing section of a department store
D) items in an office or clothing in a clothing section of a department store
Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to be considered a primary use of memory for a student at Northwest? A) learning material for exams B) learning their daily schedule C) remembering names of new friends D) labeling familiar objects in their dorm room
D) labeling familiar objects in their dorm room
The capacity limit of our short term memory, according to George Miller, is estimated as "seven (plus or minus two)" what? A) pieces of information, regardless of meaning B) random items C) synaptic potentials D) meaningful units
D) meaningful units
Kaitlyn is doing a task and must pick something that she has seen before. Choosing the thing seen before will grant her a reward. What sort of task is Kaitlyn doing? A) landmark discrimination problem B) dissociation task C) greeble recognition task D) object discrimination problem
D) object discrimination problem
Which of the below is NOT part of the modal model of memory? A) short-term memory B) long-term memory C) sensory memory D) olfactory memory
D) olfactory memory
At a party, Katy Perry notices Russell Brand walk into the room. She lets her eyes follow him as he walks up to her to strike up a conversation. This is an example of ______ attention A) reluctant B) covert C) divided D) overt
D) overt
Which of the following is NOT an example of an effect of top-down processing? A) speech segmentation B) recognizing an uncommon object in a common scene C) comparing the likelihood of an illness with its symptoms D) perceiving all of the geese in a skein as belonging together
D) perceiving all of the geese in a skein as belonging together
Will has been recently told that his father has graded retrograde amnesia. The doctor tells Will that this type of problem usually is worst for ___________ memories A) autobiographical B) remote C) emotional D) recent
D) recent
Some students erroneously believe that _______ greatly improves their memory for information they are studying. However, research has shown that is NOT the case, because elaborative processing doesn't take place A) feedback B) making up questions about the material C) organization D) rereading
D) rereading
Originally it was thought that information is simply stored in the brain for short time periods, but it has been found through observations that people may also be able process and manipulate information in their mind. Those observations challenge the conceptualization of A) long-term memory B) control processes C) sensory memory D) short-term memory
D) short-term memory
Based on our class discussion and according to research findings, which of the following is TRUE? A) driving is better with hands-free phones than with handheld phones B) driving is only impaired with handheld cell phones C) driving is worse with hands-free phones than with handheld phones D) talking on a phone hurts driving ability for all types of phones
D) talking on a phone hurts driving ability for all types of phones
Which of the following components of Treisman's attention model would allow us to recognize our mother's name faster than the name of our first-grade teacher? A) the "leaky" filter B) the attenuator C) the filter D) the dictionary unit
D) the dictionary unit
In the "finding a face in a picture of coffee beans" demonstration in class, after someone perceived the face it was difficult NOT to perceive it. This is due to A) a recency effect B) the inverse projection problem C) a shift in the person's attentional focus D) the influence of prior knowledge
D) the influence of prior knowledge
Chuck is at a mixer for his fraternity and everyone is having a good time. While he's listening to his friend's conversation someone standing next to him starts talking about the school football team's performance at the last game. According to your text, this conversation probably catches Chuck's attention because A) the words had an equal threshold regardless of which conversation considered, as described in Treisman's model of attention B) the words had a high threshold, as described in Treisman's model of attention C) Chuck chose to pay attention to the football conversation using executive control D) the words had a low threshold, as described in Treisman's model of attention
D) the words had a low threshold, as described in Treisman's model of attention
Leticia can recognize a word poorly when she sees the word alone, but she can recognize it very well when it is in a sentence. What type of processing is happening for Leticia? A) sequential B) serial C) bottom-up D) top-down
D) top-down
Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? A) when someone realizes that the legs seen from under bleachers are likely attached to bodies above the bleachers B) when someone identifies an object based upon the shadows present on that object C) when someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distracters D) when someone can determine an illegible word in a written sentence by reading the other words in the sentence
D) when someone can determine an illegible word in a written sentence by reading the other words in the sentence
