Cognitive Psychology Quiz 3

in a study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on a later memory task, illustrating the

generation effect

According to the lecture, imagery enhances memory because

imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered

The principal that we learned information together with its context in known as

encoding specificity

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with

LTM

The recency effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with

STM

The predominant type of coding in LTM is

Semantic

Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning ?

although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song the danced to) plays on the radio

The inability to assimilate or retain new knowledge is know as

anterograde amesia

Neuropsychological evidence indicates that STM and LTM probably

are caused by different mechanisms that act independently

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory

because it is involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it

The elaborative rehearsal task of learning a word by using it in a sentence is generally most effective if the generated sentence is

complex

_____ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption

consolidation

Explicit memory is to ___ as implicit memory is to ____

declarative; nondeclarative

How would you describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of establishing long-term memories

elaborative is more effect the maintenance

Acquiring information and transforming it into memory is

encoding

Your text describes an "Italian women" who,after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects

intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory

K.C who was injured in a motorcycle accident remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests.

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words.

making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

The story in the lecture about the balloons that were used to suspend a speaker in mid air was used to illustrate the role of ___ in memory

organization

Graded amnesia occurs because

recent memories are more fragile than remote memories

Wickens at el (1976) conducted a study in which one participants group was initially presented with the names of three different fruits across multiple trials. Eventually, participants had a difficult time remembering the names of the fruits. Another group of participants were presented with the names of three professions on trials 1,2, and 3 and with the names of three fruits on trial 4. On this fourth trial, participants were able to better recall the fruit names than they could the professions names. the reason the participants were able to recall the fruits better than the professions was due to:

release from proactive interference

Maintenance rehearsal of a word will most likely be accomplished by

repeating it over and over

Loss of memory for things that have happened in the past is known as

retrograde amnesia

The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s"

semantic

The Standard Model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is:

strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated

Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on

the number of vowels in a word

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrival. This is called

trasnfer-appropriate processing

Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that

when a memory is reactivated, it becomes fragile, just as it was immediately after it was formed