Cognitive Psychology Quiz 3
in a study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on a later memory task, illustrating the
generation effect
According to the lecture, imagery enhances memory because
imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered
The principal that we learned information together with its context in known as
encoding specificity
The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with
LTM
The recency effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with
STM
The predominant type of coding in LTM is
Semantic
Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning ?
although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song the danced to) plays on the radio
The inability to assimilate or retain new knowledge is know as
anterograde amesia
Neuropsychological evidence indicates that STM and LTM probably
are caused by different mechanisms that act independently
Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory
because it is involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it
The elaborative rehearsal task of learning a word by using it in a sentence is generally most effective if the generated sentence is
complex
_____ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption
consolidation
Explicit memory is to ___ as implicit memory is to ____
declarative; nondeclarative
How would you describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of establishing long-term memories
elaborative is more effect the maintenance
Acquiring information and transforming it into memory is
encoding
Your text describes an "Italian women" who,after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects
intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory
K.C who was injured in a motorcycle accident remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests.
intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory
According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words.
making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned
The story in the lecture about the balloons that were used to suspend a speaker in mid air was used to illustrate the role of ___ in memory
organization
Graded amnesia occurs because
recent memories are more fragile than remote memories
Wickens at el (1976) conducted a study in which one participants group was initially presented with the names of three different fruits across multiple trials. Eventually, participants had a difficult time remembering the names of the fruits. Another group of participants were presented with the names of three professions on trials 1,2, and 3 and with the names of three fruits on trial 4. On this fourth trial, participants were able to better recall the fruit names than they could the professions names. the reason the participants were able to recall the fruits better than the professions was due to:
release from proactive interference
Maintenance rehearsal of a word will most likely be accomplished by
repeating it over and over
Loss of memory for things that have happened in the past is known as
retrograde amnesia
The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s"
semantic
The Standard Model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is:
strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated
Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on
the number of vowels in a word
Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrival. This is called
trasnfer-appropriate processing
Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that
when a memory is reactivated, it becomes fragile, just as it was immediately after it was formed