Cognitive Psychology Test 1

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one in each ear, found all but which of the following?

Even deaf individuals process auditory information, even on a non-conscious level

A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the ____ lobe.

Parietal

Which part of the brain is important for touch, pressure, and pain?

Parietal Lobe

If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a

Picket fence

The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with

Prosopagnosia

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support ____ coding.

Specifically

Which of the following are the two primary categories of models in cognitive psychology?

Structural models and process models

Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain?

Temporal

Brain-imaging techniques can determine all of the following EXCEPT

The structure of individual neurons

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory, George Miller presented a paper suggesting that

There are limits to the human ability to process information

Which of the following stimuli were used in Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiment discussed in your text?

Three-letter nonsense words

Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to his

Wernicke's Area

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be

inferred from the participant's behavior

A grandmother cell responds

only to a specific stimulus

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior

The "cognitive revolution"

was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function?

-Specific areas of the brain serve different functions -Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli -Brain areas are specialized fro specific functions

To demonstrate the complexity of human perception, a challenge took place in California where entrants had to design a motorized vehicle that could drive through a 55-mile course without human assistance. The winning vehicle was only able to stay on the course and avoid various obstacles while traveling at a rate of ____ miles per hour.

7

Donald Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following?

A flow diagram depicting the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages

Which of the following analogies would provide the best description for how research progresses in cognitive psychology?

A trail from which one things leads to another

The scene of a human sitting at a computer terminal, responding to stimuli flashed on the computer screen, would most likely be described as depicting a(n) ____ experiment.

Analytic Introspection

Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt

Anaylitical Introspection

The field that studies how to make machines behave in ways that are intelligent if a human were behaving is known as

Artificial Intelligence

In Donders' experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press one button if the light on the left was illuminated and another button if the light on the right was illuminated, they were engaged in a

Choice reaction time task

Using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of

Cognitive Psychology

Early studies of brain tissue that used staining techniques and microscopes from the 19th century described the "nerve net." These early understandings were in error in the sense that the nerve net was believed to be

Continuous

Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of

Cortical Association

Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers in cognitive psychology. Their computer program

Created proofs for problem in logic

Which of the following procedures can be used to help determine the exact way in which nerve fibers communicate with each other?

DTI

According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is not one of those skills as noted by the chapter?

Experiencing neuromodulation

Ramon is looking at pictures of scantily clad women in a magazine. He is focusing on their body parts, particularly their chest and legs. Which part of Ramon's brain is activated by this viewing?

Extrastriate body area (EBA)

Which of the following does NOT characterize the information processing (IP) approach to the study of cognition?

IP supports the principle of behaviorism that behavior is a stimulus-response relationship

You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: its color, movement, shape, location, and so forth. All of these features are processed

In different parts of the brain

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to specificity coding

It is unlikely to be correct because there are too many stimuli in the world to have a separate neuron for each.

Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?

It produces variable results from person to person

Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for

Localization of function

The idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain is known as

Localization of function

Hemoglobin molecules in areas of high brain activity

Lose some oxygen they are transporting

Which of the following brain imaging techniques, discovered in the 1980s, is now a standard technique for detecting tumors and other brain abnormalities?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

Make a decision about the stimulus

In a procedure called diffusor tensor imaging (DTI), the way in which ____ diffuse(s) along the length of a nerve fiber is measured to determine how different nerves communicate with each other.

Neurotransmitters

The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as

Operant Conditioning

Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?

Parahippocampal place area (PP A)

A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of

a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces

Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by

an inborn biological program

Brain imaging has made it possible to

determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes

When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented in a single neuron by the

firing rate of the action potential

The ____ lobe of the cortex receives information from all of the senses and is responsible for coordination of the senses, as well as higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem solving.

frontal

Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called ________.

neural networks

The concept of distributed neural coding proposes that a specific object, like a face, is represented across a number of

neurons

Experience resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called

perception

A synapse is

the gap that separates two different neurons

The occipital lobe is

the part of the cerebral cortex where the visual cortex is located