COJO Chapter 11

During the 1950s and 1960s, women began to assume prominent roles in public relations. Among the most notable was President Dwight Eisenhower's associate press secretary

Anne Williams Wheaton.

Around the 1920s, public relations pioneer ________ began stressing two-way communication—that is, public relations practitioners talking to people, and in return listening to them when they talked back.

Edward Bernays

As a result of the public's distrust of public relations, Congress passed the ________ in 1946, requiring that those who deal with federal employees on behalf of private clients disclose those relationships.

Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act

As of 1938, anyone who engages in political activities in the United States on behalf of a foreign power must register with the Justice Department as an agent of that power due to the

Foreign Agents Registration Act.

Around 1913, public relations pioneer ________ issued his Declaration of Principles, which moved the profession's focus from primarily dispensing publicity to providing information.

Ivy Lee

The Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, which required anyone who engages in political activities in the United States on behalf of a foreign power to register as an agent of a foreign power with the Justice Department, was a result of which public relations pioneer's contacts with Nazi Germany?

Ivy Lee

"A sucker is born every minute" was the public relations philosophy of what legendary PR practitioner?

P. T. Barnum

________, outright lying or obfuscation, is antithetical to authentic communication and should be avoided by PR professionals, according to executive Roxanne Taylor.

Spin

Public affairs work in the communities in which an organization exists is characteristic of which public relations service?

community relations

Around 1920, the beginning of the ________ era of public relations, PR companies began talking to people and listening to them when they talked back—in other words, representing their various publics to their clients, just as they represented their clients to those publics.

early two-way communication

The research tool ________ employs small groups of a targeted public that are interviewed in detail to provide a public relations operation and its clients with feedback.

focus groups

Public relations firms with particular skill at countering the PR efforts of environmentalists are said to be good at

greenwashing.

When a PR firm actively combines public relations, marketing, advertising, and promotion into a more or less seamless communication campaign that is as at home on the web as it is on the television screen and magazine page, it is engaging in

integrated marketing communications.

The public relations activity known as ________ typically uses a large-scale public relations campaign designed to move or shape opinion on a specific issue.

issues management

Anticipating, analyzing, and interpreting public opinion, attitudes and issues that might impact, for good or ill, the operations and plans of the organization are part of PR's ________ function.

management

Public relations professionals have ________ over the placement of their information, and advertising professionals have ________ over the placement of their information.

no control; control

An event staged specifically to attract public attention is a

pseudo-event.

The public relations activity of getting media coverage for clients is called

publicity.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt made impressive use of which medium as a public relations tool to sell his New Deal directly to the people?

radio

The first publicity company, ________, was established in 1906 to help the railroad industry challenge legislation it opposed.

the Publicity Bureau