Cold war

East Berlin and SU government

-Many people in East Berlin were happy to see Soviet government acting. -Many people in East Berlin were very open to a new form of government due to fascists governments before.

Who build the Berlin Wall?

-Russia. -Poor country tried to build a monumental structure.

Base=general assembly (UN)

-Similar to the lower house of congress. -Creates new budgets that allows new members to join. -Responsible to elect the new administration head of UN (secretariat).

1961

-Soviet Union decided to build a wall. --Bisecting the city was impossible (CIA).

After Berlin Wall (death stripe and dogs)

-The dogs were sold as pets. -The "Death Stripe" was prime real esate.

Trials (after the Berlin Wall)

-Trials were held against the political leaders and guards. --Charges were manslaughter and a suspended sentence.

Underground tunnels

-Tunnels would collapse the other tunnels. -By 1963, the only real way to get across is by tunnel.

What did the UN begin?

-UN began as a military alliance. --Six nations signed this declaration. --Other countries scrambled to join this alliance b/c they were afraid that they would be left out of the biggest alliance in world history.

October 24, 1945

-UN came into existence. --51 members --More and more nations would be admitted.

purpose of Berlin wall

-kept 1.1 million people of East Berlin in --A lot of families in Berlin were separated.

How many people was EastBerlin loosing per year?

100,000 people a year.

According to the text and image , how did Gorbachev's Glasnost and Perestroika impact the sovereignty of Eastern European satellite states?

According to the text and image, Gorbachev's Glasnost and Perestroika impact the sovereignty of Eastern European satellite states by giving more freedom to the satellite states. The majority of the satellite states got rid of their communists leaders and thus communism was decreasing in popularity.

another name for the Berlin Wall

Anti-fascists protective barrier

As long as the --- does not mess with the --- than the President of US will not do anything.

As long as the East does not mess with the West than the President of US will not do anything.

How many zones was Germany divided up into?

At war's end, Germany was divided into 4 zones.

Each member can hold the --- every -- months.

Each member can hold the president position every 15 months.

October 1961

East Berlin would not let American jeeps pass.

In Reagan's reflection about the changes Gorbachev implemented, he asks: "Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it?" Why do you think Reagan asks this question?

I think that Reagan asks this question because America does not trust Russia fully. There is a lack of trust between the two countries. Gorbachev's changes that he implemented could be interpreted in different ways. Gorbachev is still not allowing for autonomy (still has their grip on these areas). If Gorbachev really wants to be open to the West then he should show the West that he really wants to be friends with the West.

What problems does it cause when Berlin is in the Soviet Sector?

If you allow SU to get Berlin, then it will cause problems.

What did not work after WWI?

Left Germany alone after WWI and it did not work out.

Why was it called a Cold War?

Neither of the two blocks took direct actions against the other. There were derivative conflicts.

Was anyone told about the operation to build the Berlin Wall?

No

When was the only time nuclear weapons were used in combat?

Only used in combat when the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.

What was the only way that East Berliner could escape?

Only way to get through was underground tunnels.

People attacked the wall ---(taking down the wall).

People attacked the wall physically (taking down the wall).

1987

President Reagan wanted the wall to be torn down.

What divided East and West Berlin?

Stone and brick divided west and eastern Berlin.

What does the American propaganda poster above reveal about the relationship between the United States and USSR in 1942?

The American propaganda poster above reveals that the relationship between the United States and USSR in 1942 was good because the Americans did not see Russia as an enemy. Russia and the United States fought together in WWII.

When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The Cuban Missile Crisis was on October 16,1962.

May 12, 1949

Soviet Union lifted the blockade.

August 16th

Soviet Union ordered more permanent barriers.

1958

Soviet Union was losing more doctors than they could train in a year.

SU checking for escapers

Soviets were check out the sewers, grills were put under water to stop swimmers from getting through, barriers were put in the underground sewers.

There was going to be no uprising due to...

The formation of the Berlin Wall.

The reasons for the Cold War were

The reasons for these conflicts was because of ideological, political, propaganda purposes, and economic differences.

What did the Nuremberg trials aim to do?

They wanted to hold those individuals for the crimes (most feasible way).

Why do you think Stalin pledged to permit free elections in Poland?

Stalin agreed to permit free election in Poland because he wanted to keep that territory. If he said no, then the other allied powers would take away Poland from the USSR.

Identify two events that showed that relations between the US and USSR improved when Richard Nixon was President.

Two events between the US and the USSR that showed that their relationship improved was détente because it created a framework for corporations between the two powers and the signing of SALT 1 and ABM which limited nuclear weapons. The signing of these two treaties symbolized an effort between the two nations to make their relationship better.

Was it very easy to get out of the Berlin Wall?

Very hard to get out.

The Western Bloc and Eastern Blocs were

Western Bloc were the capitalist and the eastern blocs were the communists.

Did building the Berlin Wall solve the Berlin crisis?

Yes

Why do you think President Gerald Ford referred to the human rights agreement in the Helsinki Final Act as "a time bomb" for the Soviet Union?

President Gerald Ford referred to the Helsinki Final Act as a "time bomb" because the act made the communists government responsible for their treatment of their citizens. The USSR did not treat their citizens very nicely and President Ford knew that. The USSR will have to be responsible for the treatment of their citizens which could ruin the USSR's government.

Nuremberg trials

Put to trial the top Nazi officials (hold them accountable for the atrsities made against the Jewish people. Holocost.) Also in general.

According to this speech excerpt, what does Reagan want Gorbachev to do? Why?

Reagan wants Borbachev to tear down the Berlin wall so that West Berlin and East Berlin could finally unite.

Who emerged as the first Socialist country?

Russia emerged as the first socialist country.

Kennedy's speech

-1.5 million West Berliners turned up for Kennedy's speech (70 percent of population). -President Kennedy visited West Berlin in 1963 and said "I am a Berliner".

Layer upon layer of obstruction and control to make the wall (materials)

-2 walls -In b/w was the death strip where most of the people were killed. -Grass was chemically sprayed every year. -Dogs provided another layer . --Dogs were so close that no one could go in between them.

Tension in Berlin (tanks)

-30 American and 32 Soviet tanks were pointed at each other. --Cannons were loaded. --Crisis ended after 3 days. --East Germans allowed Americans to freely move in and out of East Berlin.

What does the Berlin Wall separate?

-Between Communism and capitalism (separates). -Moved from one ideology to the next.

Border wall 2000

-Border wall 2000 was what the Soviets wanted to make the Berlin wall (used modern technology). --Plans were made, for "Border Wall 2000", to use heat sensors to detect escapers. --Cost the state a lot of money. --East Germans would use this money.

Code name for the Berlin Wall and length

-Code named "Wall of China" -27 mile barrier in between East and West Berlin. -69 mile barrier is between west Berlin and East Germany.

What does the security council vote on?

-Council votes on potential military actions. -The only body in the UN that has the power to pass binding resolutions.

1975

-East Germany started to construct the wall again (4th generation). --The guards were trying to penetrate the wall. --Graffiti artists would graffiti the west side of the wall.

When was the Yalta conference?

-February 1945 -Before the war ended.

Restrictions from East Berlin to its people (West Berlin)

-It was an offense to wave to people in the west. -Authorities in the East sealed off Bernauer Street. -Building was eventually demolished.

When was the Berlin Wall launched (when did it start?) and what happened?

-Launched on Sunday in the middle of the night to get the city off guard. -Barbed wire had been nailed under a concrete post through 5.61 miles of central Berlin. -67 out of the 81 crossing points were sealed off. --Movements during the other crossing points were restricted.

Gorbachev would not do what?

-Mikhail Gorbachev would not intervene militarily in Eastern block affairs. --Due to the perestroika (reform) policies.

Guards of the Berlin Wall

-No East Berliners or people that had family in west Berlin could not become guards. -Guards had long shifts and many people drank because they did not want to use weapons.

18 year old Peter Fechter was shot in the back.

-No one helped him because both sides were scared that the other side would shoot. -Signal to everyone that it was risky to cross the wall.

How people escaped East Berlin

-People may do it in less guarded areas. -Others smashed through barriers with vehicles. -Border guards were the first people who escaped.

Did America doubt the Soviet Union? Why or why not?

-SU promised free elections and natural self determination. -There was a possibility that Soviet Union would not agree on everything. -Agreed to avoid Germany being divided up into a Communist portion and Democratic portion.

Starving out allies and response

-Soviet Union tried to starve out the allies so that they would give up their section of Berlin. -Allies responded by doing airlifts to carry supplies to their sectors. -Mostly American airlifts. -Shortage 1 to 2 minutes. -Supplied West Berlin for 11 months.

What did the SU think about the Berlin Wall?

-Soviet Union was very afraid of what the West might think about the wall. They thought that it might cause another war. --Very careful not to provoke the west. If they were to shoot, they could not shoot on the western side.

Commonalities shared between East and West Berlin

-The border between East and West Berlin was open. They shared the same structure and operated the same trains. --60,000 East Berlins worked in west Berlin.

What did the border guards have to do? (end of Berlin Wall)

-The border guards had to take down the wall. --Most of the wall was crushed and recycled as pavement. --Some of the walls were sold.

What is the concept of the Berlin Wall?

-The concept of the Wall is control but it leads to death. --Take all of your resources.

What did the allied power want to do with Germany?

-They wanted to work together to rebuild Germany in a stable political structure (no fascism). --This only causes a division between the east (communists) and the west (democracies).

In theory, the five permanent nations were looking to...

-Work together -Political ideology draws red flags. -Takes a long time for things to take place because five countries have veto power.

Was the 1st generation wall very easy to build for the SU?

-Yes, the 1st generation of the Berlin Wall was very Easy to build for the Russians because Berlin was flattened b/c of WWII. --Laid without a foundation. --20,000 apartment units were used to build the wall.

November 9th, 1989

-all travel restrictions were over and the wall was to come down. --This was not announced to the soldiers that the travel restrictions were down. --They shot into the crowd.

How far was Berlin in the Soviet zone? Was Berlin also divided up?

110 miles into the Soviet zone was Berlin (divided into 4 zones).

How long was the Berlin Wall?

96 mile double barrier (division)

According to the text and image , how did Gorbachev's Glasnost and Perestroika impact the power and control of the Soviet Union?

According to the text and image, Gorbachev's Glasnost and Perestroika impacted the power and control of the Soviet Union by making some of the states that were once part of Russia declare their independence. This made the influence of the Soviet Union decrease and therefore the Soviet Union's power also decreased.

According to the video, why did détente end?

According to the video, détente ended when the USSR sent troops to invade Afghanistan to help the failing Marxists dictatorship. This increased tensions between the United States and the USSR again.

According to the video, how did media in each country reflect the change in the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union at the beginning of the Cold War?

According to the video, the media in the Soviet Union changed the relationship with the United States by making a movie that depicted the United States as bloodthirsty and not wanting peace in Europe. The United States and Russia sent out propaganda depicting the other country as an enemy and a threat.

What led to the Berliners taking down the wall?

Accumulated anger that led the Berliners to get the wall down.

After nearly --- the Berlin wall was to finally come down.

After nearly 3 decades the Berlin wall was to finally come down.

Where did the SU get their supplies to build the 1st generation wall?

Allied powers bombed East Berlin really badly, causing the Soviet Union to take the materials to build the wall from the wreckage.

How many people did the allied sector have?

Allies had 2.2 million people in their section of Berlin.

16 border guards were shot to death effects

Became propaganda, monuments were going to be made to honor the guards.

Why were they going to divide up Germany?

Divide it up because it is easier to build up and occupy those areas.

Did East Berlin want to take away the wall?

East Berlin did not want to take away the wall.

What did the East Berliners protest?

East Berliners protested for free movement throughout their city.

Foreigners and the Berlin Wall

Foreigners will still be allowed to enter West Berlin but people cannot leave East Berlin.

What did Gorbachev declare that all countries had the right to do? Given the status of the Soviet republics, why was this declaration significant? How might the republics respond?

Gorbachev declared that all countries had the right to determine the type of political and economic system that they wanted. This declaration was significant because the satellite states did not have this freedom before because they were controlled by the Communists party in Moscow. The republics might take this freedom and declare that they do not want communism as their government's ideology.

What was the key to the wall?

Guards (8,000 hand-picked) were the key to the wall.

What did Krushchev decide about the west?

Kryuchkov decided that the west would not strike back.

What did the Berlin Wall do?

Lock in anyone who wanted to leave East Berlin.

How did Mikhail Gorbachev contribute to the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe?

Mikhail Borbachev contributed to the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe with his two reforms, Glasnost and Perestroika. These two reforms gave the people more freedom and it strayed from the communists norm (control everything).

Did the United States and the USSR ever fully trust one another? Explain.

No, the United States and the USSR never fully trusted each other because during the war there were several disagreements between the two countries. The United States and the USSR have conflicting ideologies. The United States believed in democracy and capitalism. Russia believed in communism and a command economy. The United States did not want communism to spread in Russia. Russia was mad at the United States because they wanted them to accept communism as a global ideology. The United States took a long time to join WWII and this also angered Russia.

Did the US join the League of Nations?

No.

How did some people try to escape?

Some people tried to escape by climbing over the wall or jumping out of windows that were adjacent to the west Berlin side.

Guards were always...

paired up

April 1945

they met in San Francisco to draft a charter for a post-war organization.

Based on your prior reading and the cartoon above, what is the "crack problem" Gorbachev faced in the late 1980s? Why did he face this problem?

The "crack problem" that Gorbachev faced in the late 1980s was that people started to form their own political parties that challenged the communists party in Russia. He faced this problem because he removed the article in the Soviet constitution that stated that the Communists Party was ranked supreme and therefore this caused different political parties to form.

image makeover (Berlin Wall)

The "image makeover" continued into the 1980s; one by one the more visually disturbing components were eliminated.

How did Germans respond to the fall of the Berlin Wall?

The Germans were very happy that the Berlin Wall fell and they were celebrating. They also greeted all of the East Berlin people who were coming into West Berlin.

How many people did Soviet sector have?

The Soviets took over East Germany that had 1.1 million people.

What was the reaction of Western Europe/USA to the Berlin Wall, at the beginning in 1961?

The West did nothing.

Did the west like the wall?

The West kind of liked the wall because the frontier was set.

How do you predict the collapse of the Soviet Union would impact other communist nations outside of Europe?

The collapse of the Soviet Union would impact other communist nations outside of Europe because it would make their communists governments fall too. This would mean that different political ideologies could take over different countries.

How do you predict the collapse of the Soviet Union would impact the United States?

The collapse of the Soviet Union would positively impact the United States because the main ideology that the United States did not like was communism. The Cold War happened because of the two conflicting ideologies, democracy and communism. The United States might see this as an opportunity to influence Russia's new government.

What events marked the end of the Soviet Union?

The events that marked the end of the Soviet Union were when the Soviet Republics declared independence from the Soviet Union, the reforms of Perestroika and Glasnost, and the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is because when the Soviet Republics declared independence, this showed the world that the communists influence was decreasing. The two reforms led to the decrease of government control over the Russian people and it led to more ideas being freely expressed. The fall of the Berlin Wall showed that communism was not strong.

How might the fall of the Berlin Wall impact the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States?

The fall of the Berlin Wall may make the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States better because this shows that the Soviet Union is willing to change for the better. They have done what the United States has asked them to do.

According to your prior reading and the video, why was the fall of the Berlin Wall a significant moment?

The fall of the Berlin Wall was a significant moment because it was when the East Berlins could finally come to West Berlin. This was the unification of Berlin. This shows the loosening of the communists government that the East Berliners lived under.

What were the goals of Gorbachev's policies of Perestroika and Glasnost?

The goals of Gorbahev's policies of Perestroika and Glasnost was to become more open to the Western nations and therefore acting more like them (freedom of press, freedom to travel to Western countries). This would have bettered the relationship between America and Russia. They also opened their economy (farmers could sell goods on the free market) and reformed their government (appointing new members to the secretariat). Gorbahev wanted to avoid confrontation with the western nations. People could support any idea.

What major events occurred between Yalta and Potsdam? How might these events impact the relationships between the Allies?

The major event that occurred between Yalta and Potsdam was the formation of the United Nations (UN). This was where 50 delegates met at San Francisco. The UN was created to maintain peace and security throughout the world. This may impact the relationship between the Allies by making it stronger because the UN is where all the allies can unite and maintain world peace.

What was the purpose of the 1945 war conferences in Yalta and Potsdam? Given your prior knowledge of war conferences and agreements, what problems might arise?

The purpose of the 1945 war conferences in Yalta and Potsdam was to determine what to do with Germany when the war is over. A problem that may arise is that the ally powers give a very harsh punishment to Germany and Germany will decline again. This will start the cycle again and may cause another war. The allies must find a way to build up Germany correctly after the war.

What was the purpose of the Berlin Wall?

The purpose of the Berlin Wall was to keep the people of East Berlin from fleeing to West Berlin (keep the people in the Russian occupied areas in). Separations between the East and the West (communist and democracy). Stalin wanted this implemented because he did not want the East Berlin people to leave and go to West Berlin. They cannot have the world seeing people trying to escape a communists government. The wall was a relief because it separated the democratic nations from communists. Stalin made a statement that he will not be taking land from west Berlin because it has been decided where East Berlin stops (the wall).

What was the purpose of the conference at Yalta?

The purpose of the conference at Yalta was to discuss Europe's post war reorganization.

What do these images reveal about the relationship between United States President Reagan and the Soviet Union's General Secretary Gorbachev?

The relationship between the United States President Reagan and the Soviet Union's General Secretary Gorbachev was very good because the annual summits that were held lead to more peace (reduction in nuclear arms). These pictures also show that they were very friendly towards each other and that they were bettering their countries' relationship.

What was the name of the satellite the Russians put into orbit in 1957?

The satellite was Sputnik 1.

The wall cut off the --- of refugees.

The wall cut off the brain drain of refugees.

What do they do with Berlin?

They carve up Berlin (zones of occupation).

What was done to those who tried to escape?

They were shot and killed.

Who was at the Yalta conference?

Three men came together to determine what would happen after war. -Winston Churchill -Stalin -Roosevelt

What did Kucherov want for the allied powers to do?

allied troops to leave West Berlin.

Members of the security council divided into 5 groups. What are they?

-Africa -Asian-Pacific -Eastern European -Latin-American & Caribbean -Western European and others -5 permanent members are divided into these groups. --America, UK, and France=Western European and Others group (leaves two rotating seats) --Russia=Eastern European (leaves one rotating seat open) --China=Asia-Pacific (leaves three rotating seats open).

Who created the League of Nations? Why did it fail?

-After WWI, Woodrow Wilson created the League of Nations (prevent war and if war happened end-it swiftly). -Wilson failed to communicate with the US senate (people who would vote for it) and underestimated the heads of European countries.

Voting in the security council

-All 15 members have a vote, five nations (permanent) have a veto, which can prevent any action made by the committee. -This is why there are so few military actions made by the UN. --None of these military actions are made against any permanent members. --Became inevitable during the Korean war, Soviet Union protested the actions of the security council by not showing up. ---This led to the only action that was made against a permanent member where they approved a US land invasion of Korea to the Soviets back the north against the south. ---Since then, Russia and the Soviet Union have not abstained to use their veto.

Declaration of Human Rights

-Allied cooperation to prevent these atrocities from happening again. -Natural rights (life, freedom). -As time went on natural rights expanded to human rights. -Meant to protect all people in the entire world. -Allied powers all made this.

International court of justice

-Arbitraries different disputes b/w nations. -Hold international trials against dictators and human rights abusers. -Have 15 judges elected with nine year terms. --Same distribution in the security council.

Trusteeship Council

-Designed to formally manage the League of Nations mandates. -League of Nations has been inactive since their last mandate when Pawlow gained independence in 1994.

Creation of the United Nations

-Form of allied corporation. -Still in existence. -Replaces the League of Nations. -In NYC

Why was the trials held in Nuremberg?

-Have the Nuremberg race laws-made the laws of anti-semtism and racism legal. The rallies took place here. -Few standing courthouses that existed.

Secretariat (UN)

-Headed by the UN secretariat general --Elected to five year terms -Job is to administer the various bodies of the UN. -Serve as the public face of the organization.

Charges made at Nuremberg (Crimes against the Peace)

-Nazi regime provoked a war. -Aggressive acts led to the war.

UN economic and social council

-Promotes and regulates the cooperation b/w member states with areas that have social and economic issues. -54 members elected by the general assembly with 3 year terms.

Charges made at Nuremberg (War Crimes)

-Treating POWs humanely and not torturing them. --If you do torture POWs, then it is a war crime. -Some regimes do not care that there are expectations and restrictions on what they could do. -Nazi regime-POWs were not treated humanly, fairly, and justly. -Depended on what country the POWs came from (racially policy). -Soviet POWs were treated far more harshly than Britain and American POWs. -Russians were considered Slavic and inferior. Nazis saw no point in keeping them alive. -Once you capture POWs, you have to take care of them until the end of the war (Nazi did not do this).

Charges made at Nuremberg (Crimes against Humanity)

-Treatment of the Jews. --1st time this kind of charge was brought about. -Large amount of evidence proves that these atrocities were committed. -There was 6 million Jews who were exterminated (Nazis own count). -Nazis never made it a secret to get rid of the Jews. -The Nazis kept meticulous records of the killings in the camps. -Nazis tried to destroy the documents as the Soviets were coming from the East and Britain and America from the west. -Atrocities were on paper. -Once the Germans achieved their goal (getting rid of all the Jews) they wanted to make a museum to show the world how they achieved their goal. -They were going to use the papers as evidence. -High Nazi officials were sentenced to life in prison or hanged.

Security council (UN)

-True power lies here -Body of 15 nations that are responsible for maintaining peace and security. -Five permanent members: US, UK, France, Soviet Union (became Russian Federation is 1992), and Republic of China (replaced by the People Republic of China in 1971). -Other countries are elected by the general assembly for a two year term. -Five new members are elected each year. -No immediate re-election.

What did the Yalta conference want for Germany?

-Wanted Germany to surrender unconditionally (no compromising). --Germany had no say. -How to rebuild Germany --Germany being liberated. --Had to rebuild Germany's government. --They could not let Germany do whatever they wanted. --Needed to support them. -They were going to divide up Germany. --Britain --America --France --Soviet Union

On the 25th of September, 2015 what did ALL member states sign up to work on

17 Sustainable Goals

In total how many branches are there in UN?

2 legislative, one administrative, one judicial, one policy, and one defunct.

How many years has the UN been active?

75

According to Richard Nixon's address to the Soviet people, what did the US and USSR need to do to prevent conflict between the two superpowers?

According to Nixon, the two powers needed to use their influence to stop/discourage aggression in smaller nations around the world. These smaller nations look to them for leadership and as an example. It is their responsibility to look after these smaller nations and make sure that they do not get hurt (war).

According to the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, why are nuclear weapons such a threat?

According to the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, nuclear weapons are a threat because countries can obliterate each other very quickly. Nuclear weapons are very dangerous weapons that can wipe out a lot of people in a very short amount of time. This could also affect future generations of that population due to the radiation that is released.

As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis, was communism contained or expanded? Explain.

As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis , communism expanded because the United States did not try to get rid of the communist government in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The United States tried to get rid of the defense system that Cuba had which did not really contain communism from spreading.

As a result of the Korean War, was communism contained or did it expand? Explain.

As a result of the Korean War, communism was contained because the UN troops helped defeat the North Koreans and North Korea was pushed back to their border (North of the 38th parallel). This was the border after world war II so both sides did not achieve anything.

As a result of the Soviet-Afghan War, was communism contained or did it expand? Explain.

As a result of the Soviet-Afgan War, communism was contained because the Soviets lost and the communists government of Afghanistan fell. This means that communism did not expand because it did not become the new government of Afghanistan.

As a result of the Vietnam War, was communism contained or did it expand? Explain.

As a result of the Vietnam War, communism expanded because it expanded to the whole country of Vietnam. The United States wasted a lot of resources trying to fight communism in Vietnam but they failed to do so. After the Vietnam war, the United States says that they will no longer be trying to help other democratic nations that are being threatened by communism.

Based on the excerpt from the "Iron Curtain Speech," what was Winston Churchill's point of view concerning the Soviet Union in 1946?

Based on the excerpt from the "Iron Curtain Speech", Churchill's point of view concerning the Soviet Union is that the influence that the Soviet Union has on Europe is creating an "iron curtain" that separates the continent. Churchill says that for everyone to be united in Europe, none of the countries can be excluded. Churchill still thinks highly of the Soviet Union because they helped Britain and America during the war.

When did the Cold War begin?

Began in 1945 (end of WWII).

In what year did the Berlin Wall fall?

Berlin Wall fell in the year of 1989.

Nuremberg (Yalta Conference-How are they going to punish Germany?)

Decided that they would hold trials.

zones of occupation

Division of east and west in Germany (Communism and democracy)

What does Emperor Hirohito's statement during his surrender speech reveal about the impact of nuclear weapons?

Emperor Hirochito's statement during his surrender speech reveals that the impact of the atomic bomb was very catastrophic. The atomic bomb killed many people and he believes that the atomic bomb could mean the obliteration of the human race.

Based on your understanding of the Cold War and the foreign policies of the Soviet Union and the United States, why do you think there were proxy wars around the world?

I think there were proxy wars around the world because communism is spreading and the United States wants to stop the spread of communism. In other words, the proxy wars are there because of the fight between communism and democracy. The two superpowers are going to help the side that they want to win (Soviets are going to help the communists and America is going to help the people that want democracy). This is because of MAD and both of the countries have the excuse to not use nuclear weapons.

Many --- still desired a body that would strive for ---.

Many countries still desired a body that would strive for world peace.

What is mutually assured destruction? How did it affect the way the USSR and USA interacted with one another?

Mutually assured destruction is the understanding that each side has weapons to destroy the other side which discourages all nuclear warfare. This affected the way the USSR and USA interacted with one another because they were competing with each other and showing each other their power by testing out their nuclear weapons. This increases tensions between the two countries.

What is the most highly criticized body of the UN?

Security council

Security council president

Security council has its own president that rotates b/w members by a month to month basis.

What action did Stalin take that heightened the tension between the United States and USSR? Why did these actions concern the United States?

Stalin violated their agreement with the rest of the allied powers. He did not allow free-election in the areas that he occupied. He also did not allow the areas that he occupied to have a mix of communist and non-communists leaders (there were only communists leaders). These actions concern the United States because they did not want communism to spread throughout Europe.

What was built in Germany in 1961?

The Berlin wall (failures of Communism) was built.

What is the Doomsday Clock? Why was it created?

The Doomsday Clock is a picture of a clock that depicts the time before total destruction. The Doomsday Clock is changes when a significant event occurs. This was created during the Cold war to assess the time it will take for the US and the USSR to totally annihilate each other. The minute hand (hour hand always stays at 12) moves back and forth according to the threat level.

How did the Korean War impact Korea?

The Korean War divided Korea up into two (communists and democratic sides). Overall, the Korean war did not achieve anything because the borders stayed the same. Both of the powers were in a stalemate. The two powers were going back and forth with each other (North Koreans took over South Korea then UN troops helped South Korea defeat the North Koreans and they invaded North Korea only to be pushed back to the 38th parallel). It divided the country.

Under the Marshall Plan, what did the United States offer?

The Marshall Plan allowed the United States to offer the Western Europe and the Western part of Germany to get back to normal. The United States were allowed to give a lot of money to Europe. The money was to repair anything that was destroyed by the war (solidify trade barriers, modernize industry).

What did the Soviet Union and its allies want during the Soviet-Afghan War? How did they try to meet their goals?

The Soviet Union and its allies wanted to spread communism and so they sent troops to Afghanistan to protect the communists government.

What did the Soviet Union and its allies want during the Vietnam War? How did they try to meet their goals?

The Soviet Union and its allies wanted to spread communism during the Vietnam War. They sent supplies to help North Vietnam and the Veit Congs so that they could take over the whole of Vietnam.

What did the Soviet Union and its allies want during the Korean War? How did they try to meet their goals?

The Soviet Union and its allies wanted to unify the whole of Korea under communists rule. They tried to meet their goals by invading South Korea. They also gave supplies to North Korea to defeat South Korea. They want to spread communism. They send a lot of supplies to North Korea.

What did the Soviet Union want during the Cuban Missile Crisis? How did they try to meet their goals?

The Soviet Union wanted to have missiles near the US in response to the nuclear missiles in Turkey. They also wanted to maintain communism in Cuba so they helped Cuba by giving them nuclear missiles. They tried to meet their goals by giving nuclear missiles to Cuba.

Why was the Soviet Union confident about its power and status up until the early 1970s?

The Soviet Union was confident about its power and status up until the early 1970s because its economy was very strong. It seemed that the democratic nations could not contain communism because communism won in the Vietnam War. The United States's economy slowed down and there was a lack of trust between the people and the government. This would have made the Soviet Union confident that they could spread communism.

How did the Soviet Union's status change in the 1980s?

The Soviet Union's status changed in the 1980s because the economy reached stagnation (where it was not growing or progressing) and a large portion of Russia's funds were going to the Afgan war and the arms race. This led to widespread poverty in Russia.

How did the Soviet-Afghan War impact the Soviet Union, United States and Afghanistan?

The Soviet-Afgan War had a negative impact on the Soviet Union because they lost a lot of resources and money due to the war. They were forced to retreat at the end. The United States achieved their goal to contain communism. Afghanistan was returned back to its nonaligned status and no longer had a communists government.

What did the U.S. and its allies want during the Vietnam War? How did they try to meet their goals?

The US and its allies wanted to contain communism during the Vietnam War. This goal was met by sending supplies and troops to South Vietnam so that they could defend themselves against North Vietnam and the Viet Congs.

What did the U.S. and its allies want during the Soviet-Afghan War? How did they try to meet their goals?

The US and its allies wanted to contain the spread of communism in Afghanistan. They achieved this goal by sending supplies, military training, and funding to the mujahideen (anti-communists).

What did the U.S. and its allies want during the Korean War? How did they try to meet their goals?

The US and its allies wanted to help South Korea defeat North Korea because they did not want communist rule to take over the whole of Korea. They met this goal by getting the UN to send UN troops which the majority of the troops were US soldiers. They want to stop the spread of communism. They use their military to defend South Korea and attack North Korea.

What did the U.S. want during the Cuban Missile Crisis? How did they try to meet their goals?

The US wanted to stop the spread of communism and the USSR from giving anymore missiles to Cuba. They tried to meet their goal by launching The Bay of Pigs Invasion where they trained Cuban exiles to overthrow the communists government. This was unsuccessful. Another way that they tried to achieve their goal was by surrounding Cuba and forming a blockade.

Why did the USSR and USA enter a period of détente?

The USSR and the USA entered a period of détente because of mutual interests; they both did not want to continue the confrontations to plunge into nuclear war.

How was the United Nations created?

The United Nations originated from a declaration drafted by Roosevelt and Churchill.

Why did the United States and the USSR fight together as allies in 1941?

The United States and the USSR fought together as allies in 1941 because Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact and invaded the USSR. The United States took this opportunity to gain a new ally to fight against Hitler. The United States sent an aide package to all of its allies, including Russia, and Stalin decided to join the allied powers.

Why was the United States deeply invested in this Cold War Crisis?

The United States was deeply invested in this Cold War Crisis because the missiles in Cuba were in range of the whole entire United States. This put the United States in danger so the United States wanted to get rid of the nuclear missiles as fast as they could.

How did the Vietnam War impact the United States and Vietnam?

The Vietnam War had a disastrous effect on the United States because a lot of men died and it cost a lot of money. Vietnam was united under a communists government which was not good for the United States because they wanted to contain communism.

What is an arms race? Why did the arms race escalate during the Cold War?

The arms race was a competition between the United States (and NATO allies) and the Soviet Union (and Warsaw Pact allies) for supremacy over technology and weapons. The arms race escalated during the Cold War because each side was building up their weapons so that they could defend themselves/attack the other side in the event of an attack from the other side. This was due to the heightened tensions between the United States and the USSR because as one side builded up their weapons the other side felt threatened.

What elements of the economy do you think the Soviet Union would have opened up? What elements of their political society would they rebuild or reorganize?

The elements of the economy that the Soviet Union would have opened up to was foreign trade (international trade) because Gorbachev wanted to open up Russia which means that he wanted to open up Russia to foreign powers. Elements of their political society that they would rebuild or reorganize is the type of government that they had (communism). Communism may not be working for Russia because of the Cold War. They also might change how they treat their citizens because they were opening up Russia which means that they must be perceived as good. Political positions, international friendships, open up trade to the Eastern bloc, free market, way people are chosen into power, elections.

Why did the nuclear arms race begin in 1949? What were the goals of this nuclear arms race?

The nuclear arms race began in 1949 because the Soviet Union tested their first atomic bomb. The goals of this nuclear arms race was to have enough nuclear weapons to destroy the other side when they go to war and to be the most powerful country in the world.

How did the peace conceived at Yalta differ from the peace conceived at Potsdam? Why?

The peace conceived at Yalta was better than the peace conceived at Potsdam. There were many disagreements at Potsdam especially with the USSR. The United States noticed that the USSR started to arrest the non-communists leaders of Poland. There was also a disagreement with the amount of reparations that the USSR wanted from Germany. America thought that the USSR was asking for too much.

How did the relationship between the United States and the Soveit Union change between 1945 and 1947?

The relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union got worse between 1945 and 1947. In 1945, the two countries seemed to be friends but in the coming years, both of their governments sent out propaganda that depicted the other country as the enemy. This increased tensions between the two countries.

What disagreements were there at Potsdam? Why?

There were several disagreements at Potsdam such as the amount of reparations that the USSR wanted from Germany, how the USSR were treating the non-communists in Poland, and the rise of Communism in Eastern Europe.

How might these differences impact the relationship between the United States and the USSR?

These differences might impact the relationship between the US and the USSR because it seems that these countries cannot work together. They cannot work together because they have conflicting ideologies. This may cause even more disagreements in the future.

What do these disagreements reveal about the changing relationship between the United States and the USSR?

These disagreements reveal that the relationship between the US and the USSR is declining and they are starting to dislike each other. The US was angry at the USSR because they were imprisoning the non-communist leaders in Poland when the USSR promised that they would allow free-elections.

After World War II, the United Nations was established and dedicated to providing all people equality, respect, justice and

human rights