Collective Behavior and Movements

Value-Added Theory

Functional perspective requiring preconditions for collective behavior

Mass

Relatively large group with a common interest

Expressive Crowds

Crowds sharing opportunities to express emotions

Emergent Norm Theory

Emphasizes social norms' importance in crowd behavior

Crowd

Fairly large group in close proximity

Alternative Movements

Limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals

Institutionalization

Movement becomes more organized, incorporating, hiring staff, or arranging a national org model

Collective Behavior

Non-institutionalized activity involving voluntary engagement of several people

Acting Crowds

People focused on a specific action or goal

Conventional Crowds

People gathering for a regularly scheduled event

Casual Crowds

People in close proximity without interacting

Coalescence

Point when people join together to publicize an issue and get organized

Religious/Redemptive Movements

Promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals

Reform Movements

Seek to change specific aspects of the social structure

Revolutionary Movements

Seek to completely transform every aspect of society

Resistance Movements

Seek to prevent or undo changes to the social structure

Public

Unorganized group of people sharing ideas

Assembling Perspective

Views individuals in crowds as rational thinkers engaging in purposeful behavior

Preliminary stage

When people become aware of an issue and leaders emerge