College Biology Chapter 12

making short strands of RNA

DNA primase is the enzyme responsible for:

conservative

If DNA replication rejoined the two parental strands, it would be termed:

density gradient centrifugation

Meselson and Stahl separated DNA from different generations using:

two DNA molecules

The final product of DNA replication is:

specific nucleotide sequence

The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the:

topoimerases

What prevents knot formation in replicating DNA?

both serve as templates

When DNA copies itself, the strands separate and

underwent more divisions than normal

When cultured normal human cells were infected with a virus that carried the genes that coded for a subunit of telomerase:

DNA is only found in eukaryotic cells

Which of the following statements about DNA is false?

Meselson and Stahl

Who first confirmed that the replication of DNA was semiconservative?

only add nucleotides to the 3 end

Why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5 to 3 direction?

nucleotides can be arranged into many sequences

Why is DNA able to store large amounts of information?

was a helix

X-ray crystallography showed that DNA:

replication fork

A Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously.

maintain telomere length

Cancerous cells differ from noncancerous cells in that cancerous cells:

cytosine

Chargaff determined that DNA from any source contains about the same amount of guanine as ______.

topoimerases

Enzymes called ______ form breaks in the DNA molecules to prevent the formation of knots in the DNA helix during replication.

linear molecules are replicated from multiple origins bidirectionally

How are the chromosomes of a eukaryote cell replicated?

circular molecule is replicated from one origin bidirectionally

How is the chromosome of a bacterial cell replicated?

cytosine, thymine

Hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and _____, and between adenine and ______.

is synthesized as Okazaki fragments

In DNA replication, the lagging strand:

single strand binding proteins

In replication, once the DNA strands have been separated, reformation of the double helix is prevented by:

example of transformation

In the experiments of Griffith, the conversion of nonlethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S-strain bacteria was an:

enzymes remove incorrectly paired nucleotides

Mismatch repair occurs when:

DNA ligase

Okazaki fragments are joined together by:

separate RNA primer

The 5 end of each Okazaki fragment begins with a:

leading strand

The DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called the:

DNA was injected into bacteria

The bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that:

telomerase

The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes can be lengthened by:

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

The first experimenters to use Griffith's transformation assay to identify the genetic material were:

large number of amino acid combinations

The main reason scientists thought that proteins, rather than DNA, were the carriers of genetic material in the cell was the:

sugar and phosphate

The two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are:

antiparallel, complementary

Two chains of DNA must run in ______ directions and must be ______ if they are to bond with each other.

mutation is copied into one daughter cell

When a DNA molecule containing a wrong base at one location in one strand is replicated:

DNA polymerase

Which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?

one parental strand and one new strand

Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?

DNA helicase

Which of the following causes the unwinding of the DNA double helix?

TCTAGGC

Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand AGATCCG?

type of mismatch repair

Which of the following statements concerning nucleotide excision repair is false?

distances between atoms

X-ray diffraction studies are used to determine:

telomeres

______, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event.

Watson and Crick

_______ determined the structure of the molecule DNA.

Franklin

_______ used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA.