College Biology Chapter 12
making short strands of RNA
DNA primase is the enzyme responsible for:
conservative
If DNA replication rejoined the two parental strands, it would be termed:
density gradient centrifugation
Meselson and Stahl separated DNA from different generations using:
two DNA molecules
The final product of DNA replication is:
specific nucleotide sequence
The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the:
topoimerases
What prevents knot formation in replicating DNA?
both serve as templates
When DNA copies itself, the strands separate and
underwent more divisions than normal
When cultured normal human cells were infected with a virus that carried the genes that coded for a subunit of telomerase:
DNA is only found in eukaryotic cells
Which of the following statements about DNA is false?
Meselson and Stahl
Who first confirmed that the replication of DNA was semiconservative?
only add nucleotides to the 3 end
Why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5 to 3 direction?
nucleotides can be arranged into many sequences
Why is DNA able to store large amounts of information?
was a helix
X-ray crystallography showed that DNA:
replication fork
A Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously.
maintain telomere length
Cancerous cells differ from noncancerous cells in that cancerous cells:
cytosine
Chargaff determined that DNA from any source contains about the same amount of guanine as ______.
topoimerases
Enzymes called ______ form breaks in the DNA molecules to prevent the formation of knots in the DNA helix during replication.
linear molecules are replicated from multiple origins bidirectionally
How are the chromosomes of a eukaryote cell replicated?
circular molecule is replicated from one origin bidirectionally
How is the chromosome of a bacterial cell replicated?
cytosine, thymine
Hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and _____, and between adenine and ______.
is synthesized as Okazaki fragments
In DNA replication, the lagging strand:
single strand binding proteins
In replication, once the DNA strands have been separated, reformation of the double helix is prevented by:
example of transformation
In the experiments of Griffith, the conversion of nonlethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S-strain bacteria was an:
enzymes remove incorrectly paired nucleotides
Mismatch repair occurs when:
DNA ligase
Okazaki fragments are joined together by:
separate RNA primer
The 5 end of each Okazaki fragment begins with a:
leading strand
The DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called the:
DNA was injected into bacteria
The bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that:
telomerase
The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes can be lengthened by:
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
The first experimenters to use Griffith's transformation assay to identify the genetic material were:
large number of amino acid combinations
The main reason scientists thought that proteins, rather than DNA, were the carriers of genetic material in the cell was the:
sugar and phosphate
The two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are:
antiparallel, complementary
Two chains of DNA must run in ______ directions and must be ______ if they are to bond with each other.
mutation is copied into one daughter cell
When a DNA molecule containing a wrong base at one location in one strand is replicated:
DNA polymerase
Which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?
one parental strand and one new strand
Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?
DNA helicase
Which of the following causes the unwinding of the DNA double helix?
TCTAGGC
Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand AGATCCG?
type of mismatch repair
Which of the following statements concerning nucleotide excision repair is false?
distances between atoms
X-ray diffraction studies are used to determine:
telomeres
______, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event.
Watson and Crick
_______ determined the structure of the molecule DNA.
Franklin
_______ used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA.