Combo Plant & Animal Cells

CELL THEORY

1. All living things are made up of CELLS 2. The cell is the basic UNIT of life 3. All cells come from other cells

Five characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS

1. Living things GROW 2. Living things REPRODUCE 3. Living things RESPOND to their environment 4. Living things USE ENERGY 5. Living things ADAPT to their environment

Cells

All living things are made of cells. Plant and animal cells have similarities and differences.

How animal and plant cells are alike

Both have a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and a cell membrane.

Chloroplasts

Found only in plant cells. Make food from sunlight. Hold chlorophyll that give plants their green color.

Plant cells

Have a cell wall and chloroplasts. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells have a large vacuole to store water and food.

Eukaryotes (U-CARRY-OATS)

More complex cells with a nucleus and a membrane (most are multi-cellular)

Prokaryotes (PRO-CARRY-OATS)

One cell organism with no nucleus (ex. bacteria)

Cell membrane

Outermost layer of animal cells. Inside the cell wall in plant cells. The cell membrane controls what goes into and out of the cell.

Cell wall

Outside layer of plant cells. The cell wall provides support to plants - it is rigid or hard.

Cytoplasm

Part of cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane. The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that surrounds the organelles. Important chemical substances move through the cytoplasm.

Nucleus

Part of cell that contains chromosomes, DNA. The nucleus is like the "brain" of the cell.

How animal and plant cells are different

Plant cells have a cell wall and can make their own food. Look for chloroplasts to identify plant cells. Chloroplasts are the organelles that make food in photosynthesis.

Vacuoles

Store food and water in the plant cell. In animal cells, vacuoles are also used for storage and are much smaller.

Animal cells

The cell membrane is the outer layer of an animal cell. Animal cells do NOT have chloroplasts OR a cell wall. Vacuoles are small.

Golgi

What it does: The Golgi apparatus contain the contents of lysosomes, peroxisomes, and secretory vesicles in packages held in the membrane-bound vesicles in the periphery. Where it's found: Animal and Plant

Cell Membrane

What it does: The cell membrane encloses the cell. Where it's found: Animals and Plant

Cytoskeleton

What it does: The cytoskeleton helps maintain the cell shape. Where it's found: Animal and Plant

Lysosomes

What it does: The lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that are necessary for intracellular digestion. Where it's found: Animal and Plant

Mitochondrion

What it does: The mitochondria provide the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, and contract. Where it's found: Animal and Plant

Ribosomes

What it does: The ribosomes are packet of RNA and protein. They are the site of protein synthesis. Where it's found: Animal and Plant

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

What it does: The rough endoplasmic reticulum collect synthesize proteins and transport them throughout the cell. Where it's found: Animal and Plant

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

What it does: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays different function depending on the specific type of cell including lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, breaking down the lipid-soluble toxins in the liver cells, and controlling the calcium release in the contraction of the muscle cell. Where it's found: Animal and Plant