Combo with "Bio 160 -Ch. 9 quiz" and 4 others

All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed Mendelian and an orange-eyed Mendelian have black eyes. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between two orange-eyed Mendelian? 3 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed 1 black-eyed:3 orange-eyed 1 black-eyed:0 orange-eyed 0 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed

0 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed

ustin has type A blood and his wife Brittany has type B blood. Justin's parents both have type AB blood, and Brittany's parents also both have type AB blood. What are the chances that Justin and Brittany's son Theodore has type A blood? 100% 0% 25% 75%

0%

Suppose that an elephant with the genotype EEFfggHh reproduces with an elephant with the genotype eeFFGgHh. What is the probability that a baby elephant (called a calf) would have the genotype EeFFGghh? -1/256 -1/32 -1/16 -1/64

1/16

Using a six-sided die, what is the probability of rolling either a 5 or a 6? 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/3 1/6 1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3 1/6 × 1/6 = 1/36

1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3

Assuming that the probability of having a female child is 50% and the probability of having a male child is also 50%, what is the probability that a couple's first-born child will be female and that their second-born child will be male? 75% 50% 25% 20%

25%

During a summer study abroad program, you travelled to Austria to study genetics at the University of Vienna. While you were there, a momentous discovery was made: some of Gregor Mendel's original lab books and notes were found to be buried outside of the abbey where he lived. It just so happened that the professor you were working with obtained copies of these notes and enlisted your help to decipher them. You hired a translator to translate Mendel's notes from Czech to English, and using your knowledge of modern genetics (which Mendel did not have!) you were able to construct a partial Punnett square (shown below). Because the notebook was damaged from being buried for so long, this is the only information that you have regarding a cross that Mendel must have performed. Your professor has tasked you with figuring out more about this experiment. In pea plants, round peas are dominant (R) and shriveled peas are recessive (r), and yellow peas (shown as light gray in Punnett square) are dominant (Y) and green peas (dark gray) are recessive (y). Using this information and the partial Punnett square above, what is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring pea plants in this Punnett square? 1:1:1:1 3:3:1:1 9:3:3:1 12:1:1:4

3:3:1:1

Cats normally have a total of 18 toes, 5 on each front paw and 4 on each back paw. But some cats express the dominant phenotype for polydactyly, which results in the development of extra toes on one or more paws. Jake, a Canadian tabby cat, has 28 toes and is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the cat with the most toes. Suppose that Jake mates with a female cat, Lucy, who has 18 total toes. Over several years, they have multiple litters and a total of 16 kittens (10 males and 6 females). The total number of toes on each kitten ranges from 21 to 25. One of Jake and Lucy's kittens mates with another cat that has 18 total toes. What is the probability that one of their offspring would have 18 total toes? 50% 100% 75% 0%

50%

The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygote individuals showing independent assortment is expected to be -9:1:1:3 -9:3:3:1 -3:1 -1:2:1

9:3:3:1

The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygote individuals showing independent assortment is expected to be 1:2:1 9:1:1:3 3:1 9:3:3:1

9:3:3:1

A monohybrid cross is a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one prominent trait. a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character. the second generation of a self-fertilized plant. a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one trait in common.

A breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character.

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the question that follows. Cats normally have a total of 18 toes, 5 on each front paw and 4 on each back paw. But some cats express the dominant phenotype for polydactyly, which results in the development of extra toes on one or more paws. Jake, a Canadian tabby cat, has 28 toes and is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the cat with the most toes. Suppose that Jake mates with a female cat, Lucy, who has 18 total toes. Over several years, they have multiple litters and a total of 16 kittens (10 males and 6 females). The total number of toes on each kitten ranges from 21 to 25. Along with having a variable number of toes, some kittens from Jake and Lucy's litter had a white spot on their nose. In fact, out of the 16 kittens, all 10 males had the white spot, but none of the 6 females had the white spot. Jake has a white spot on his nose, but Lucy does not. What can you conclude from this information? A sex-linked gene that controls the expression of the white spot is found on the X chromosome. The genes for the white spot and for polydactyly are not linked. The genes for the white spot and for polydactyly are linked. A sex-linked gene that controls the expression of the white spot is found on the Y chromosome.

A sex-linked gene that controls the expression of the white spot is found on the X chromosome.

Cats normally have a total of 18 toes, 5 on each front paw and 4 on each back paw. But some cats express the dominant phenotype for polydactyly, which results in the development of extra toes on one or more paws. Jake, a Canadian tabby cat, has 28 toes and is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the cat with the most toes. Suppose that Jake mates with a female cat, Lucy, who has 18 total toes. Over several years, they have multiple litters and a total of 16 kittens (10 males and 6 females). The total number of toes on each kitten ranges from 21 to 25. Along with having a variable number of toes, some kittens from Jake and Lucy's litter had a white spot on their nose. In fact, out of the 16 kittens, all 10 males had the white spot, but none of the 6 females had the white spot. Jake has a white spot on his nose, but Lucy does not. What can you conclude from this information? A sex-linked gene that controls the expression of the white spot is found on the Y chromosome. The genes for the white spot and for polydactyly are linked. The genes for the white spot and for polydactyly are not linked. A sex-linked gene that controls the expression of the white spot is found on the X chromosome.

A sex-linked gene that controls the expression of the white spot is found on the X chromosome.

Below are two statements. Which (if any) applies to the law of segregation? Which (if any) applies to the law of independent assortment? I: Phenotypes for long tails and big eyes are inherited separately in lab mice. II: A baby mouse inherits a maternal red eye allele and a paternal black eye allele. A: segregation; B: independent assortment A: segregation; B: segregation A: independent assortment; B: segregation A: independent assortment; B: independent assortment

A: independent assortment; B: segregation

Which of the following statements regarding genotypes and phenotypes is false? -Alleles are alternate forms of a gene. -The expressed physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype. -The genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype. -An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for that trait.

An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for that trait.

Which of the following statements regarding genotypes and phenotypes is false? The expressed physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype. Alleles are alternate forms of a gene. The genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype. An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for that trait.

An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for that trait.

Research since Mendel's time has established that the law of segregation of genes during gamete formation applies to all asexually reproducing organisms. applies to all forms of life. applies to all sexually reproducing organisms. is invalid.

Applies to all sexually reproducing organisms.

In some cats, black coat color (B) is dominant over brown (b) and a striped fur pattern (S) is dominant over a marbled fur pattern (s). You rescued a black striped cat from an animal shelter but could not determine its exact genotype. To do so, you mated the cat with a brown marbled cat. The mating produced 3 brown marbled, 2 brown striped, 2 black marbled, and 3 black striped. Immediately, you concluded the genotype of your rescued cat was BBSS. BBSs. BbSs. BbSS.

BbSs.

In some cats, black coat color (B) is dominant over brown (b) and a striped fur pattern (S) is dominant over a marbled fur pattern (s). You rescued a black striped cat from an animal shelter but could not determine its exact genotype. To do so, you mated the cat with a brown marbled cat. The mating produced 3 brown marbled, 2 brown striped, 2 black marbled, and 3 black striped. Immediately, you concluded the genotype of your rescued cat was BbSS. BBSs. BBSS. BbSs.

BbSs.

Dr. Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Dr. Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. The normal allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing, is D. Dr. Smith's parents could have which of the following genotypes? -Dd and Dd -Dd and DD -DD and dd -dd and dd

Dd and Dd

Which of the following statements is false? Incomplete dominance supports the blending hypothesis. The four blood types result from various combinations of the three different ABO alleles. The impact of a single gene on more than one character is called pleiotropy. ABO blood groups can provide evidence of paternity.

Incomplete dominance supports the blending hypothesis.

Which of the following statements regarding genetic testing is false? Most human genetic diseases are treatable if caught early. The screening of newborns can catch inherited disorders right after birth. Genetic testing before birth requires the collection of fetal cells. Carrier testing helps determine whether a person carries a potentially harmful disorder.

Most human genetic diseases are treatable if caught early.

Which of the following statements best explains why dominant alleles that cause lethal disorders are less common than recessive alleles that cause lethal disorders? Most individuals carrying a lethal dominant allele have the disorder and die before they reproduce, whereas individuals carrying a lethal recessive allele are more likely to be healthy and reproduce. Unlike lethal disorders caused by recessive alleles, lethal disorders caused by dominant alleles usually cause the death of the embryo. Lethal disorders caused by dominant alleles are usually more severe than lethal disorders caused by recessive alleles. The presence of a lethal dominant allele causes sterility.

Most individuals carrying a lethal dominant allele have the disorder and die before they reproduce, whereas individuals carrying a lethal recessive allele are more likely to be healthy and reproduce.

In giraffes, long necks (N), long legs (L), dark spots (D), and the ability to digest meat (M) are all dominant traits. What possible genotype could a long-necked, short-legged, light-spotted, meat-digesting giraffe have? -NNLLDdMm -NnllddMM -NNllddmm -nnLLddMM

NnllddMM

In giraffes, long necks (N), long legs (L), dark spots (D), and the ability to digest meat (M) are all dominant traits. What possible genotype could a long-necked, short-legged, light-spotted, meat-digesting giraffe have? NNllddmm NNLLDdMm NnllddMM nnLLddMM

NnllddMM

Cats normally have a total of 18 toes, 5 on each front paw and 4 on each back paw. But some cats express the dominant phenotype for polydactyly, which results in the development of extra toes on one or more paws. Jake, a Canadian tabby cat, has 28 toes and is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the cat with the most toes. Suppose that Jake mates with a female cat, Lucy, who has 18 total toes. Over several years, they have multiple litters and a total of 16 kittens (10 males and 6 females). The total number of toes on each kitten ranges from 21 to 25. If we use the letter P to represent the polydactyly gene, what is Jake's genotype? Pp PP pp You cannot determine Jake's genotype from this information.

PP

Which of the following statements best represents the theory of pangenesis developed by Hippocrates? Particles called pangenes, which originate in each part of an organism's body, collect in the sperm or eggs and are passed on to the next generation. Heritable traits are influenced by the environment and the behaviors of the parents. Pregnancy is a spontaneous event, and the characteristics of the offspring are determined by the gods. Offspring inherit the traits of either the mother or the father, but not both.

Particles called pangenes, which originate in each part of an organism's body, collect in the sperm or eggs and are passed on to the next generation.

During a summer study abroad program, you travelled to Austria to study genetics at the University of Vienna. While you were there, a momentous discovery was made: some of Gregor Mendel's original lab books and notes were found to be buried outside of the abbey where he lived. It just so happened that the professor you were working with obtained copies of these notes and enlisted your help to decipher them. You hired a translator to translate Mendel's notes from Czech to English, and using your knowledge of modern genetics (which Mendel did not have!) you were able to construct a partial Punnett square (shown below). Because the notebook was damaged from being buried for so long, this is the only information that you have regarding a cross that Mendel must have performed. Your professor has tasked you with figuring out more about this experiment. In pea plants, round peas are dominant (R) and shriveled peas are recessive (r), and yellow peas (shown as light gray in Punnett square) are dominant (Y) and green peas (dark gray) are recessive (y). Using this information and the partial Punnett square above, what genotype should be listed in the square labeled A? RRYY RrYy rrYy RRyy

RrYy

During a summer study abroad program, you travelled to Austria to study genetics at the University of Vienna. While you were there, a momentous discovery was made: some of Gregor Mendel's original lab books and notes were found to be buried outside of the abbey where he lived. It just so happened that the professor you were working with obtained copies of these notes and enlisted your help to decipher them. You hired a translator to translate Mendel's notes from Czech to English, and using your knowledge of modern genetics (which Mendel did not have!) you were able to construct a partial Punnett square (shown below). Because the notebook was damaged from being buried for so long, this is the only information that you have regarding a cross that Mendel must have performed. Your professor has tasked you with figuring out more about this experiment. In pea plants, round peas are dominant (R) and shriveled peas are recessive (r) and yellow peas (shown as light gray in Punnett square) are dominant (Y) and green peas (dark gray) are recessive (y). Using this information and the partial Punnett square above, what were the phenotypes of the parental plants that were used in this cross by Mendel? Rryy and rrYy RrYy and RrYy RRyy and rryy Rryy and RrYy

Rryy and RrYy

Which of the following statements regarding sickle-cell disease is false? Persons who are heterozygous for sickle-cell disease are also resistant to malaria. All of the symptoms of sickle-cell disease result from the actions of just one allele. About one in 10 African Americans is a carrier of sickle-cell disease. Sickle-cell disease causes white blood cells to be sickle-shaped.

Sickle-cell disease causes white blood cells to be sickle-shaped.

Which of the following statements regarding sickle-cell disease is false? Persons who are heterozygous for sickle-cell disease are also resistant to malaria. All of the symptoms of sickle-cell disease result from the actions of just one allele. About one in 10 African Americans is a carrier of sickle-cell disease. Sickle-cell disease causes white blood cells to be sickle-shaped.

Sickle-cell disease causes white blood cells to be sickle-shaped.

Which of the following statements regarding hypotheses about inheritance is false? The blending hypothesis does not explain how traits that disappear in one generation can reappear in later generations. The blending hypothesis suggests that all of the traits of the offspring come from either the mother or the father. Contrary to the theory of pangenesis, somatic cells do not influence eggs or sperm. The theory of pangenesis incorrectly suggests that reproductive cells receive particles from somatic cells.

The blending hypothesis suggests that all of the traits of the offspring come from either the mother or the father.

Which of the following statements regarding cross-breeding and hybridization is false? The hybrid offspring of an F1 cross are the F2 generation. The offspring of two different varieties are called hybrids. The hybrid offspring of a cross are the P1 generation. The parental plants of a cross are the P generation

The hybrid offspring of a cross are the P1 generation.

You prepare a karyotype from a cell from an unknown organism. Upon analysis, you find 22 pairs of chromosomes that are each of equal length, and also a single pair that has one chromosome longer than the other. What can you conclude from this information? The organism that this cell came from is likely a male. The organism that this cell came from is likely a female. The organism that this cell came from has a genetic disease. This cell is likely haploid.

The organism that this cell came from is likely a male.

You prepare a karyotype from a cell from an unknown organism. Upon analysis, you find 22 pairs of chromosomes that are each of equal length, and also a single pair that has one chromosome longer than the other. What can you conclude from this information? The organism that this cell came from is likely a male. This cell is likely haploid. The organism that this cell came from has a genetic disease. The organism that this cell came from is likely a female.

The organism that this cell came from is likely a male.

A monohybrid cross is a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one prominent trait. a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one trait in common. the second generation of a self-fertilized plant. a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character.

a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character.

A testcross is -a mating between two individuals heterozygous for the trait of interest. -a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait of interest. -a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual heterozygous for the trait of interest. -a mating between two individuals of unknown genotype.

a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait of interest.

You are looking at an unknown cell under a microscope that has 22 chromosomes plus two X chromosomes. Which of the following is the most likely identity of this cell? an epithelial cell from a male chicken an egg from a human female an eye cell from a female grasshopper a skin cell from a human female

an eye cell from a female grasshopper

Research since Mendel's time has established that the law of segregation of genes during gamete formation applies to all sexually reproducing organisms. applies to all forms of life. is invalid. applies to all asexually reproducing organisms.

applies to all sexually reproducing organisms.

How is sex determined in most ants and bees? -by the Z-W system -by the number of chromosomes -by the size of the sex chromosome -by the X-Y system

by the number of chromosomes

For most sexually reproducing organisms, Mendel's laws can predict whether offspring will be male or female with 100% accuracy. explain the biological mechanisms behind why certain genes are dominant or recessive. cannot strictly account for the patterns of inheritance of many traits. help us understand the global geographic patterns of genetic disease.

cannot strictly account for the patterns of inheritance of many traits.

For most sexually reproducing organisms, Mendel's laws cannot strictly account for the patterns of inheritance of many traits. can predict whether offspring will be male or female with 100% accuracy. help us understand the global geographic patterns of genetic disease. explain the biological mechanisms behind why certain genes are dominant or recessive.

cannot strictly account for the patterns of inheritance of many traits.

A person with AB blood illustrates the principle of codominance. incomplete dominance. polygenic inheritance. pleiotropy.

codominance.

A person with AB blood illustrates the principle of pleiotropy. polygenic inheritance. codominance. incomplete dominance.

codominance.

The expression of both alleles for a trait in a heterozygous individual illustrates incomplete dominance. polygenic inheritance. pleiotropy. codominance.

codominance.

The mechanism that "breaks" the linkage between linked genes is -codominance. -crossing over. -pleiotropy. -independent assortment.

crossing over

According to this figure, heterozygotes for this form of hypercholesterolemia suffer from the disease because they don't produce enough LDL receptors. don't produce any LDL receptors. produce an abnormally shaped LDL receptor. produce too many LDL receptors.

don't produce enough LDL receptors.

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that chromosomes sort independently of each other during mitosis and meiosis. genes are sorted concurrently during gamete formation. each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation. independent sorting of genes produces polyploid plants under some circumstances.

each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation.

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that genes are sorted concurrently during gamete formation. chromosomes sort independently of each other during mitosis and meiosis. independent sorting of genes produces polyploid plants under some circumstances. each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation.

each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation.

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question that follows. A man and his wife are having trouble having a baby. Using modern technologies, the woman's eggs are removed, fertilized with her husband's sperm, and implanted into her uterus. The procedure is successful, and the woman gives birth to a healthy baby boy. After a while, though, they discover that their son is colorblind and has blood type O. The woman claims that the child can't be theirs since she has blood type A and her husband has type B. Also, neither parent is colorblind, although one grandparent (the woman's father) is also colorblind. As a genetic counselor, you would explain to the parents that the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since the baby's blood type has to match one of his parents. it is possible for the baby to have type O blood, since type O is inherited through a dominant allele. each parent could have contributed one recessive allele, resulting in type O blood. the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since a type A parent and a type B parent can have any type children except O.

each parent could have contributed one recessive allele, resulting in type O blood.

Given the sex determination system in bees, we can expect that -female bees will produce eggs by meiosis, whereas male bees will produce sperm by mitosis. -female bees will produce eggs by mitosis, whereas male bees will produce sperm by meiosis. -male and female bees will produce sperm and eggs by meiosis. -male and female bees will produce sperm and eggs by mitosis.

female bees will produce eggs by meiosis, whereas male bees will produce sperm by mitosis.

The individual features of all organisms are the result of the environment and individual needs. genetics. genetics and the environment. the environment.

genetics and the environment.

A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be ________ to transmit it to offspring. heterozygous for the trait and able homozygous for the trait and able heterozygous for the trait and unable homozygous for the trait and unable

heterozygous for the trait and able

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance in humans? albinism hypercholesterolemia ABO blood groups skin color

hypercholesterolemia

Imagine that beak color in a finch species is controlled by a single gene. You mate a finch homozygous for orange (pigmented) beak with a finch homozygous for ivory (unpigmented) beak and get numerous offspring, all of which have a pale, ivory-orange beak. This pattern of color expression is most likely to be an example of incomplete dominance. polygenic inheritance. codominance. pleiotropy.

incomplete dominance.

All the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. This means that the allele for red flowers is ________ to the allele for white flowers. recessive codominant incompletely dominant dominant

incompletely dominant

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for ________ and ________ of the fetus so that it can be tested for abnormalities. direct observation; biochemical testing sexing; imaging imaging; karyotyping karyotyping; biochemical testing

karyotyping; biochemical testing

Most people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were both affected by the disease. slightly affected by the disease, showing some but not all of the symptoms. subjected to some environmental toxin that caused the disease in their children. not affected at all by the disease.

not affected at all by the disease.

What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male? -one Y chromosome -one X chromosome and one Y chromosome -two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome -two Y chromosomes

one X chromosome and one Y chromosome

Mendel conducted his most memorable experiments on fruit flies. roses. guinea pigs. peas.

peas.

Which of the following terms refers to a situation where a single phenotypic character is determined by the additive effects of two or more genes? -pleiotropy -codominance -incomplete dominance -polygenic inheritance

polygenic inheritance

Most genetic disorders of humans are caused by multiple alleles. a mutation that occurs in the egg, sperm, or zygote. recessive alleles. dominant alleles.

recessive alleles

Most genetic disorders of humans are caused by multiple alleles. dominant alleles. recessive alleles. a mutation that occurs in the egg, sperm, or zygote.

recessive alleles.

Crossing over ________ genes into assortments of ________ not found in the parents. -combines unlinked; alleles -recombines unlinked; genes -combines linked; genes -recombines linked; alleles

recombines linked; alleles

Imagine that we mate two black Labrador dogs with normal vision and find that three of the puppies are like the parents, but one puppy is chocolate with normal vision and another is black with PRA (progressive retinal atrophy, a serious disease of vision). We can conclude that -the alleles for color and vision segregate independently during gamete formation. -both of the parents are homozygous for both traits. -the alleles for color and vision segregate dependently during gamete formation. -the same alleles that control coat color can also cause PRA.

the alleles for color and vision segregate independently during gamete formation.

The chromosome theory of inheritance states that -chromosomes that exhibit mutations are the source of genetic variation. -the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for patterns of inheritance. -humans have 46 chromosomes. -the behavior of chromosomes during mitosis accounts for inheritance patterns.

the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for patterns of inheritance.

Recessive X-linked traits are more likely to be expressed in a male fruit fly than a female fruit fly because -the male chromosome is more susceptible to mutations. -the male chromosome is more fragile than the female chromosome. -the male's phenotype results entirely from his single X-linked gene. -males are haploid.

the male's phenotype results entirely from his single X-linked gene.

The alleles of a gene are found at ________ chromosomes. different loci on nonhomologous the same locus on nonhomologous the same locus on homologous different loci on homologous

the same locus on homologous