COMM 1500: CH 5 REVIEW

low-context cultures

Cultures in which people tend not to presume that others share their beliefs, attitudes, and values. They strive to be informative, clear, and direct in their communication. In such cultures, people make important information obvious, rather than hinting or implying.

Luigi grew up in an Italian community where deadlines and schedules were considered unimportant, so he is _____-time oriented. Yet Luigi's friend Roger, a Chicago native who is never late for anything, is _____-time oriented.

P; M

An established, coherent set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices shared by a large group of people is called a _____.

culture

collectivistic cultures

Cultures that emphasize group identity, interpersonal harmony, and the well-being of ingroups. Collectivist cultures also value the importance of belonging to groups that look after members in exchange for loyalty.

high-context cultures

Cultures that presume listeners share their viewpoints. People in such cultures talk indirectly, using hints to convey meaning. Vague, ambiguous language—and even silence—is often used, the presumption being that because individuals share the same contextual view, they automatically know what another person is trying to say.

individualistic cultures

Cultures that value independence and personal achievement; individual goals over group or societal goals.

polychronic time orientation

A flexible view of time in which harmonious interaction with others is more important than being on time or sticking to a schedule.

Stereotype Content Model

A model in which prejudice centers on two judgments made about others: how warm and friendly they are, and how competent they are. These judgments create two possible kinds of prejudice: benevolent and hostile.

Co-Cultural Communication Theory

A theory that the people who have more power within a society determine the dominant culture.

monochronic time orientation

A view of time as a precious resource that can be saved, spent, wasted, lost, or made up, and that can even run out.

attributional complexity

Acknowledging that other people's behaviors have complex causes that may reflect cultural differences.

assimilation

Attempting to be accepted into the dominant culture.

Geert comes from a high-uncertainty-avoidance culture. What sort of work situation would Geert most likely find comfortable? A. a loose collective without individual offices or job titles B. a regimented corporation with a distinct chain of command C. freelance work in a trendy business without an established precedent for lasting success D. an art studio where workers come and go as they please E. none of the answers are correct

B. a regimented corporation with a distinct chain of command

According to _____, the people who have more power within a given society determine the dominant culture of that society.

Co-Cultural Communication Theory

display rules

Cultural norms about how people should and should not express emotion—that is, guidelines for when, where, and how to manage emotion displays appropriately. This includes specific aspects of nonverbal communication—how broadly you should smile, the appropriateness of shouting for joy in public, and so on.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of prejudice? A. It is destructive. B. It is unethical. C. It is based on deeply held beliefs. D. It is rooted in stereotypes. E. It is unrelated to perceptions of competence.

E. It is unrelated to perceptions of competence.

What is NOT one of the seven cultural characteristics that, according to scholars, shape our interpersonal communication? A. display rules B. uncertainty avoidance C. power distance D. views of time E. views of space

E. views of space

uncertainty avoidance

How cultures tolerate and accept unpredictability.

co-culture

Members of a society who don't conform to the dominant culture in terms of language, lifestyle, or even physical appearance.

Which paradigm stipulates that prejudice centers on two judgments made about others: how warm and friendly they are, and how competent they are?

Stereotype Content Model

intercultural competence

The ability to communicate appropriately, effectively, and ethically with people from diverse backgrounds.

world-mindedness

The ability to practice and demonstrate acceptance and respect toward other cultures' beliefs, values, and customs.

ethnocentrism

The belief that your own culture's beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices are superior to those of all other cultures. For example, Americans, accustomed to lining up, who consider cultures that don't use waiting lines to be disorganized are displaying ethnocentrism.

power distance

The degree to which people in a culture view the unequal distribution of power as acceptable. For example, in some cultures, well-defined class distinctions limit interaction across class lines, but other cultures downplay status and privilege to foster a spirit of equality.

culture

The established, coherent set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices shared by a large group of people. ... is learned lived communicated layered

Communication Accommodation Theory

The idea that people are especially motivated to adapt their language when they seek social approval, wish to establish relationships with others, and view others' language use as appropriate.

feminine cultural values

Values that emphasize compassion and cooperation—on caring for the weak and underprivileged and boosting the quality of life for all people.

masculine cultural values

Values that include the accumulation of material wealth as an indicator of success, assertiveness, and personal achievement.

prejudice

When stereotypes effect rigid attitudes toward groups and their members.

Astrid identifies as bisexual even though she lives in a predominantly heterosexual community. When Astrid and fellow LGBTQ individuals in the community establish a Web site to discuss their shared interests, what have they formed?

a co-culture

Which term describes guidelines for when, where, and how to appropriately express emotion?

display rules

Billy, a native New Yorker whose family has lived in the United States since colonial times, makes fun of immigrants because he considers them ignorant and unsophisticated. What concept does Billy's behavior demonstrate?

ethnocentrism

A society with a dominant culture cannot include co-cultures.

false

According to communication accommodation theory, people are motivated to adapt their communication when they view others' language usage as inappropriate.

false

All cultures share the same attitudes toward power distance.

false

All cultures share the same degree of uncertainty avoidance.

false

Feminine cultures place importance upon on competition and material gain.

false

People who have a monochronic time orientation rarely check the time.

false

Personal achievement is valued highly in collectivistic cultures.

false

Which term describes a society that emphasizes personal connections to others, relationship health, and quality of life?

feminine

Yao comes home past his curfew, and his father communicates disapproval with only a facial expression. Yao immediately realizes he has acted disrespectfully. In what type of culture does Yao most likely live?

high context

As a new employee at a marketing firm, Zhiang believes it is improper for him to make suggestions during staff meetings. Zhiang most likely lives in what type of culture?

high-power-distance

What can you strengthen by applying the practices of world-mindedness, attributional complexity, and communication accommodation?

intercultural competence

A citizen living in an individualistic culture is more likely to openly protest the government than a citizen living in a collectivistic culture.

true

Applying attributional complexity will help you strengthen your intercultural competence.

true

Benevolent prejudice occurs when people think of a particular group as inferior but also friendly and competent.

true

Bobby, a native of Indiana, attends a college where many students are from China. He observes how his Chinese classmates behave in order to learn about their cultural norms. Which concept does Bobby's interaction demonstrate?

world-mindedness