COMM 334 FINAL

Handouts Benefits

Handouts can summarize information and provide a handy reference guide to audience members long after the presentation. Any visual aid shown to the entire audience can be reduced and included on handouts.

Problem-solving style:

High assertiveness and high cooperativeness

Competitive style:

High assertiveness and minimal cooperativeness

Human Breakdown

Human error

Bolstering

Identifying positive attributes of the company, in hopes it might diminish negative

Role

An expectation about individual behavior patterns.

Reducing Offesiveness

Bolstering, Minimization, Differentiation, Attack the Accuser, Compensation

Benefits

Clients needs and wants.

Image Restoration

Communication that explains the incident in a way that restores the organizations image.

Accident

Couldn't be controlled

Leaders

Define how issue are interpreted and induce members to transcend self-interest.

What are different strategies

Denial, Evading Responsibilities, Reducing Offensiveness, Corrective Action, Mortification

Photographs downfalls

Digital photos are easy to incorporate into presentation programs like Microsoft's PowerPoint or Prezi, but this ease of use also presents potential pitfalls for presentations within the corporate world.

Challenges

Discounted stakeholders

Managers

Establish performance criteria, monitor, and evaluate employees.

Rumors

False information about company is spread

What makes something a greater risk? Less a risk?

The more fear the greater the risk???? (this is what I got from the book pg.164) We fear what we do not understand. The less understood, the greater the risk?

Malevolence

outside actor acts maliciously against company

Systems Products

require the organization to spend money not only for the product but also for special machinery or equipment needed to use the product properly.

Corrective action

restore situation to the state it was before the crisis, and prevent it from happening again.

ASSERTIVENESS:

the degree to which the participant attempts to satisfy personal needs in the conflict

COOPERATIVENESS:

the degree to which the person attempts to satisfy the OTHER'S concerns

Provocation

this act is performed on response to another wrongful act

Myers-Briggs Types

- 16 personality types - 16 personality types are based on stereotypes - A way to categorize an individual based on their preferred way of thinking and behaving.

Natural Disasters

'an act of god'

Whiteboard or Flip Art downfalls

- "low tech" and not very impressive. - time it takes to write things on the board or flip chart interrupts the smooth flow in presentation. - Finally, if the chart is not flipped to a blank page or the board is not erased (both of which interrupt the presentation), the information remains in view and distracts audience members long after it's covered.

Mortification

- Admit responsibility and ask forgiveness; apologizing - Ambiguous apology

Individual Credibility

- An audience's perception of a speaker's competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism - HOW TO INCREASE THIS: Objective content Fairness to opposition viewpoints Uncertainty admitted Perceived similarity Sources cited Organized, clear & concise Metaphors & similes used + humor

Institutional Credibility

- Credible institution see some of that credibility cover them and their messages (aka the overall credibility of the institution) - HOW TO INCREASE THIS: Sound environment policy (audience's perception of the organization's policies) Consistent messages across time Messages consistent with actions Positive press or public relations

Denial

- Denies occurrence - Shifts blame to another party

Process Credibility

- Factors are rarely in the hands of a single communicator; most risk campaigns run by large institutions/govt agencies that control the process - HOW TO INCREASE THIS: Early and consistent openness Open to conflict Emotional expressions allowed

Objects Downsides

- Many objects are too large to fit into a room or too small to be easily seen by the audience. - If too small, passing it around the room will cause distractions. Use photographs or slides instead. Temporarily suspend presentation is have to pass it around.

Handouts downfalls

- They distract the audience. - audience may move ahead of speaker by considering information not yet covered or miss important information by stopping to focus on one part of a handout. - recommend providing handouts after.

Photographs Benefits

- photos are an excellent substitute for objects that are too large or too small for the audience to see. - Photographs improve understanding and retention of complex information.

Visual aids and the type of information they convey

-First, visual aids increase the clarity of complicated pictorial, statistical, or conceptual material. -Second, visual aids increase the persuasiveness of a message. -Finally, visual aids make a presentation more dynamic, motivating the audience to pay attention.

Megadamage

Accident creates significant environmental damage

Accommodating style:

Low assertiveness and high cooperativeness

Avoidance style:

Low assertiveness and low cooperativeness

Organizational Misdeeds

Management takes action that harm employees/shareholders

Models Benefits

Models are an excellent substitute for objects that are too large or too small for easy viewing.

Types of Crisis

Natural Disasters, Malevolence, Technical Breakdown, Human Breakdown, Challenges, Megadamage, Organizational Misdeeds, Workplace Violence, Rumors

Minimizaion

Not as bad as it seems

Compromising style:

Participants are willing to give in on some demands in return for concessions on others (trade-offs)

Compensation

Pay off victims

Evading Responsibilities

Provocation, Defeasibility, Accident, Good Intentions

Why do we fear risks?

RIsks can often increase or decrease without us even knowing about or having a voice in the decision, and this increases our concern.

Attack the Accuser

Reduce credibility of accuser

Technical Breakdown

Technology used by company fails

Good Intentions

The company acted our of good intentions

Defeasibility

The organization lacked the proper information about or control over factors that led to the crisis

Features

Things the company that sells the product cares about.

Whiteboard or Flip Art Benefits

Useful in some professional forums.

Objects Benefits

Using an object is an excellent way to add interest and clarity to your ideas. For example, Jesse worked for a tennis racket maker and needed to explain how a manufacturing problem created blemishes on the surface of many rackets.

What does it mean to qualify a client?

a cold call, a first-time visit or telephone call from a salesperson to a potential customer. The most important thing to remember about cold calls is that you will receive a lot of rejections, and some of those may not be very friendly. But, even the most successful salespeople receive many more turndowns than orders. The goal for a cold call is to find qualified prospects— potential clients who have the need, interest, and financial resources to purchase their product or service.3 Although making calls on unqualified prospects is not necessarily a waste of time (altered business circumstances may change a prospect's needs), qualified prospects are the source of most sales. Once a qualified prospect is found, it's time to begin building a relationship with that person. In the early stages of this relationship, more questions are necessary to understand the situational features and listener predispositions toward the salesperson's firm and the product.

Conflict style

a person's orientation to conflict, which emphasizes certain strategies and tactics and ignores others

Commodity Purchase

a product that is essentially undifferentiated from one supplier to the next.

Specialty Products

are technically different from competitors' products. These are often easier to sell because the salesperson can talk about various benefits (such as price, quality, and technical superiority) that differentiate his or her product from the competitors'. If these features are important, the client may be willing to pay more for the product. To sell specialty products, the salesperson must match the key benefits of the product to the client's needs.

Workplace Violence

employee/former employee commits violence against other employees at work.