Comm 451 FINAL quizlet

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action tendencies

Fear = fight or flight Anger= attack Sadness = withdrawl Disgust =repulsion Guilt = make amends Joy = approach

activation threshold

Intensity that an emotion needs to reach before it affects you - affected by genes and your environment

With respect to the connection between emotion and personality, which of the following statements is not true?

Introverts react strongly to positive stimuli than do extroverts

Research has identified several health benefits associated with affection. Which of the following is not one of them?

Low body mass index (BMI)

Researchers has identified commonalities among emotionally abusive adults. Which one of these is not one?

Low self-esteem

Which of the following is an example of extrinsic influence of emotion regulation?

Media

Figurative ways to describe emotions

Metaphorical terms to describe emotions such as "Anger is a hot fluid" which means I am boiling with anger

differential emotions theory

Personality and emotion are both organizing and motivating factors - help us organize thoughts, experiences, ext -

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

regulation of emotion

the cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions.

emotive dissonance

the disconnect between how people feel and how they think they should feel

broaden-and-build hypothesis

the hypothesis that positive emotions broaden thought and action repertoires, helping people build social resources

interpersonal therapy (IPT)

treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions

response modulation

use venting, exercise, scaling, sublimation, etc. to manage the consequences and experience

Sex differences in emotion

women experience both positive and negative emotions more intensely and more frequently - Woman can identify what emotions people are feeling

Alexithymia

A person's inability to, or difficulty in, describing or being aware of emotions or mood

antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Joy and health

Can motivate health-promoting behavior by making us feel good about doing that behavior

Sadness and health

Can motivate health-promoting behavior by making us feel sad about consequences of not doing that behavior

Fear and health

Can motivate health-promoting behavior by making us worry about the effects of not doing the behavior

Anger and health

Can motive health-promoting behavior by making us feel that we are engaging in the behavior to right our wrong

Dimensional View

Certain dimensions can be used to describe any meaning including the meaning of the emotion

Ontogeny is best described as

Change over time in the characteristics of an individual organism

Regarding the development of child's facial expressions of emotion, all are true except?

Child born blind do not develop facial expressions associated with disgust.

According to researchers, most sex differences in emotion are differences in:

Emotional expression

Prototype view

Emotional terms according to prototypes expressions -Anger has meaning cause we picture what anger looks like or sounds like

Different views explain the relationship between words and emotions.Which of the following explains Core Meaning View?

Emotional words invoke certain universal connotations

Affective- cognitive structures

Emotions link to thought and memories to form this - Joy triggers thoughts of affiliation and sharing more than sadness does -

This idea says we feel uncomfortable "faking" an emotion display when we know it doesn't match our genuine emotion

Emotive dissonance

Simulation

Express an emotion that you aren't actually feeling -Pretending to be happy

We have noted that emotional intelligence encompasses four specific components. Which of the following is not one of them?

Express emotions appropriately

Extraversion vs neuroticism

Extraversion is associated with positive affect whereas neuroticism is associated with negative

Expressive words of emotion

"Wow" or "Damn"

In therapy, Ron claims that "My wife is obsessed with making sure I go to the dentist every four months like clockwork. She's crazy!" Which of the following responses from his therapist would constitute a reframing of Ron's claim

"Your wife cares about you"

Brain structures and functions as dimensions of personality

- Frontal lobe controls foresight and anticipation (trying to explain something to someone) -Occipital lobe: Visual information - Temperal lobe: Language - Testosterone: Agression -Oxytocin: affectionate behavior

Lingustics research

- People remember emotion words over concrete words -Liars use more negative words and fewer self-references

Another figurative way to describe emotion: Metonymies

- Stands for one experience or something we associate an emotion with - "a body drop in temperature stands for fear" = I am getting cold feet

Pennebaker experiment trends

- Student benefit more than nonstudents - Men benefit more than woman - Longer intervals between writing is better -Writing about current vs past trauma is better

Two common ways to measure emotional intelligence

- Trait Meta- Mood scale -MSCEIT

Intrinsic examples

- Your temperament - Your experience with emotion - Your maturity -Intelligence

loneliness and health problems

-Chronic pain -drug and alcohol abuse -eating disorders -lack of exercise -consumption of fat

Negative emotions affect on body

-Hyperarousal - GI distress - Muscle tension - Elevated stress hormone -Immunsupressor

Spouse and partner abuse

-Woman ages 16-24 experience more emotional abuse

Characteristics of abusers

-jealousy -hypersensitivity - charming -poor communication skills

Extrinsic example

-parenting messages -rewards levied on emotion experience -peer influence -media influence

All of the following positive emotions would be considered extrinsic except:

Contentment

According to research, children begin monitoring and regulating their emotions at approximately what age?

2 years old

While filling out a questionnaire about how much he loves his parents, Eric gives answers that he thinks will make him look good rather than how he actually feels. In this case, Eric is being affected by:

A social desirability bias

emotional facilitation of thought

Ability to use emotional states to facilitate problem solving and creativity

Having been raised in a strict religious environment, Bryan is very susceptible to "guilt trips" that others induce on him. In contrast, Gail is relatively immune to guilt. According to Differential Emotions Theory, Bryan and Gail differ from each other in their:

Activation Threshold

Stimulus

Adderall or

The stress hormone cortisol is released by what?

Adrenal gland

Situtation modification

Altering an emotionally evocative situation in order to change its emotion impact (telling a joke during a speech

According to research, two vocal characteristics that vary the most as a function of emotion are:

Amplitude and fundamental frequency

Especially when chronic, this emotion predicts exaggerated physiological responses to stressors

Anger

Some words describe emotions

Anger, depression

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRI is an example of which type of treatment of emotional disorders?

Antidepressant

Regarding the conscious experience of emotion, which of the following statements is true?

Appraisal of the reaction as a specific emotion is required

Core meaning view

Argues that emotion words invoke certain universal connotations - Anger invokes connotations meaning good or bad

Watching commercials depicting animal abuse and neglect make me sad so I pick up a magazine that makes me happy. What emotional regulation strategy is this?

Attention deployment

Extrinsic regulation definition

Based on external influences

Intrinsic regulation definition

Based on ones characteristics

responce efficacy

Belief that suggested behavior will solve whatever problem we perceive

self-efficacy

Belief that we have the ability to do what is suggested

Blake's mom keeps telling him that if he doesn't stop smoking, he is going to die a painful death. These statements make Blake worry so he decides to quit smoking. In this scenario, what is the connection between emotion and health?

Blake's emotion is motivating him to engage is health-promoting behavior

According to this hypothesis, experiencing positive emotions such as joy helps us be more creative and pay attention more

Broaden and build hypothesis

Tia has many close friends who provide her with love, support and positive emotions. As a result, Tia does not react in overly stressful way when she encounters a problem in her life. The stress-protective effect of positive emotion is explained by:

Buffering hypothesis

Common victims of emotional abuse

Children, abuse, and mental/physical disabled people

Situation selection

Choosing the situation that we think will give rise to desired emotions such as going to a movie

The process of acquiring knowledge including perception, intuition and reasoning

Cognition

Spencers therapist is trying to help him change inaccurate thought and disrupt his maladaptive behavior...what type of therapy is this?

Cognitive-behavorial therapy

Psychologist John Gottman has identified this as one of the most corrosive emotions in intimate relationships

Contempt

Maris knows that measure romantic love. Which of the following is an example of subjective perception?

Degree of acceptance: "i love my romantic partner very much"

Masculinity

Degree to which a culture enforces sex-differentiated goals

Basic literal term of emotion

Describes broad emotions such as anger

Non-basic literal terms

Describes specific instances of broad emotions such as annoyance or rage

The evolutionary purpose of this emotion is to protect us from contamination

Disgust

Those who argue that emotional intelligence is not a form of intelligence tend to point out...

El can be improved through training whereas a persons level of intelligence is usually stable over time.

This is the body's response to any event that that enhances or inhibits its goals

Emotion

The organizationally prescribed display of feeling is known as:

Emotion labor

Masking

Feeling one emotion but displaying other - Feeling sad but act angry

James comes from a culture in which gender role expectations for woman and men are very similar. Based on this information we would assume his culture is

Feminine

cognitive beahvioral therapy

Focuses on changing patterns of thinking and behavior

Implicational view

Focuses on the implications of an emotional state - I am angry suggest explosion, revenge

Whenever Drew gets excited, he speaks in a voice that sounds higher than normal. Which vocal property is his voice changing in response to his arousal?

Fundamental frequency

deep acting

Getting yourself to actually feel an emotion - Acting

Whats the difference between sadness and grief?

Grief encompasses more emotional dimensions than sadness does

inhibition

Hide your emotion you are actually feeling - Consealing your dissapointment

In North Korea, Communist Party officials have great wealth and authority, whereas average citizens have very little. This is a characteristic of...

High-Power- Distance Culture

Emotional regulation

How we try to influence which emotions we have, when we have them, and how we express and experience them

Jaime and Keith have a variety of "pet names" for each other. Pet names are an example of which form of affectionate communication?

Idiomatic expressions

Chantel feels both guilt and ashamed about certain aspects of her past. In regards to guilt and shame, which of the following statements is true?

In shame cultures, what matters is what others think of you, not what you think of yourself.

One of the distinctions between virtuous pride and hubris is:

In virtuous pride, the self and the object of pride are separate

Erin is surprised that her supervisor at work announces that their will be layoffs. She wants others in the office to think that she already knew about the layoffs though she hides her surprise. Which display rule is Erin enacting?

Inhibition

Emotional abuse has certain characteristics. Which of the following is not among them?

It occurs in independent relationships

Ekman argues that humans display six basic emotions. Which of the following is NOT among them?

Jealousy

Highly affectionate people

Live healthier lives but are more likely to contract mono

The word "emotion" shares Latin root of what term?

Motivation

Darwin claims that phylogeny is driven by which process?

Natural selection

Successful emotional appeals often focus on generating this type of emotion, specifically

Negative

Emotional abuse

Occurs when people subject or expose other to behavior that may result in psychological trauma

The best described as "the tool we use to measure something?"

Operational

In my study, I code peoples facial expression in order to measure their levels of joy. In this instance, I am using coding facial expression as my---of joy.

Operational definition

This is one of only two facial muscles that is not attached to the skull

Orbicularis oris

Aristotle believed that emotional appeals can persuade. What did he call them?

Pathos

Regulation

People regulate their physiological arousal in response to an emotion-inducing situation -Autonomic nervous system -Endocrine system -Immune system

Last week at a meeting, Maria manager paid her a compliment in front of everyone present and she blushed. Which is true about blushing?

People who blush are more trustworthy than those who don't

The emotion cascade includes all of the following except:

Physiological arousal

Expressive writing improves

Physiological functions Self-reported health Frequency of visits to doctors

Hair stands on your arm is a example of what?

Piloerection

buffering hypothesis

Positive emotions can buffer us against negative effects of stressors

Identified four brain structures, which one is not one?

Prefrontal cortext

Intensification

Pretending to feel an emotion more intensely than you actually feel it - pretending to be furious when you are only annoyed

This principle states that facial expressions of emotion are part of a more complex behavioral response directed by managing whatever is causing the emotion

Principle of servicable habits

Rumination

Process of focusing obsessively on bad feelings and experiences from the past

Victoria is known for being egocentric, manipulative, aggressive and even hostile in her interactions with others. On which of Eysencks three factors would she likely score high?

Psychoticism

undoing hypothesis

positive emotions aid the mind and the body by recovering a sense of balance and flexibility following an episode experiencing negative emotion

Cultural perspective on mental health

Recognizes that mental wellness is socially defined in ways that can vary by social group: - religion - economic class -culture

Attentional Deployment

Redirecting your attention to change your emotion -distraction - though supression -worry -rumination

Cognitive change

Reframing a situation to alter the emotion it induces

We have said that fear and anxiety prompt activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Which of the following is an example of HPA axis activity?

Release of Cortisol

Exposure

Repeatedly confronting negative feelings produces desensitization, reducing the effects

According to Witt's Parallel Process model, a persuasive message must include the claim that recommended the course of action would successfully deal with the problem. Which message component is being described?

Response-efficacy

Process model

Says that emotion is generated in 4 stages: -Situation - Attention -Appraisal -Response

To encourage his roomie Lise to lose weight, Tom tells her how happy she would feel if she exercised more. However, she doesn't feel like she has the ability to do so cause she is so busy. Tom's emotional appeal will likely fail because Lisa lacks:

Self-efficiency

Many emotions have specific action tendencies. When Mario feels surprised, which action tendency is activated?

Self-protection

Ethan feels calm, tranquil, and peaceful when he sits church. What emotion is he feeling?

Serenity

Jackie wants to study the effect of sadness on drug use. Which of the following is true about her research?

She must manipulate sadness

Cross cultural consistency in encoding and decoding are both highest with this emotional cue

Smiling

Judgement, evaluations, thoughts, and culture are key components of which approach to emotion?

Social Cognition

Regarding the brain neurons, which of the following statements is true?

Some neurotransmitters experience reuptake in the synopsis

What is the relationship of validity and reliability?

Something can't be valid if its not reliable

Jealousy is a secondary emotion composed of all the following except:

Surprise

When Tim tells Kelly about the grief he is experiencing over the loss of his job, Kate is concerned for his well-being. Which emotional state is Kate feeling?

Sympathy

Extraversion

Tendency to be outgoing, talkative, and interactive -socialable -dominant -impulsive -expressive - react better to positive stimuli

Psychoticism

Tendency toward aggression, recklessness, and hostility -Hostile -Egocentric -Manipulative - Dogmatic

Neuroticism

Tendency toward anxiety, fear, worry, envy -anxious -depressed -guilt -low self-esteem - have more negative baseline affect

uncertainty avoidance

The degree to which people feel threatened by ambiguous, risky, or unstructured situations.

The principle of facial primacy suggest:

The face is our principle means of conveying emotion

Principle of Linguistic Relativity

The hypothesis that the language a person speaks determines his or her thoughts and perceptions.

Label view

The meaning of emotion terms is simply associated between a label (anger) and some real phenomenon - Anger means what it does cause we connect the physical experience with anger with that word

Men and woman differ from each other in all of the following except:

Their level of intelligence

power distance

extent to which authority and privileges are divided among different groups within society and the extent to which these facts of life are accepted by the people within the society

Category of emotional abuse: Codependence/enmeshment

Treating you as an extension of themselves Sharing your private information without your permission Thinking they know better than you Requiring continual contact

According to linguistic research, which of the following statements is true?

Treatment with Botox slows the ability to process emotional language

Bodily emotional labor

Trying to change one's physical sensations, experiences, or symptoms to create a specific reaction

Expressive emotional labor

Trying to change ones expression to change the way they feel - Trying to smile even when not happy

Cognitive emotional labor

Trying to change thought, mental images, or ideas in order to change the feelings associated with them

Regarding laughter, which of the following is false?

Unvoiced laughs elicit more positive affect among hearers than voiced laughs

Somatic markers hypothesis is the brains structure responsible for somatic states from secondary inducers

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

continuum perspective of mental health

Views mental health as a point along continuum

Prevention perspective on mental health

Views mental wellness as the lack of a mental disorder

Communication competence

We want emotions and emotional responses to be appropriate to culturally and situationally situtations

Conceptual Act Theory of Emotions

When conceptual knowledge is used to make meaning of the self's affect or another persons expression

When does a child start showing basic emotions?

Within the first 6 months

Emotional catharsis

Writing allows us to vent negative feelings which make us feel better

Emotional confrontation

Writing forces us to confront trama, reducing the work of inhibition

coherent narrative

Writing forces us to process trauma cognitively and develop a more cohesive narrative

Antidepressants

a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression such as SSRI

narcissistic personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance

Emotional labor

an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work

negative emotions

anger, anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, sadness, envy, disgust

borderline personality disorder

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

display rules

cross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions

Gender roles

culturally specific notions of what it means to be a man and what it means to be a woman - masculinity -femininity

Deintensification

downplaying particularly strong emotions

Surface acting

faking emotion/feelings - work at disneyland and act happy all the time but really arent

speech therapy

formal therapy which assists residents with speech and swallowing problems

Individualism

giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

social anxiety disorder

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such

Positive emotions

joy, pride, relief, hope, love, and compassion

antipsychotic drugs

medications that are used to treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders - Risperdal or Abilify

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response


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