Comm 451 FINAL quizlet
action tendencies
Fear = fight or flight Anger= attack Sadness = withdrawl Disgust =repulsion Guilt = make amends Joy = approach
activation threshold
Intensity that an emotion needs to reach before it affects you - affected by genes and your environment
With respect to the connection between emotion and personality, which of the following statements is not true?
Introverts react strongly to positive stimuli than do extroverts
Research has identified several health benefits associated with affection. Which of the following is not one of them?
Low body mass index (BMI)
Researchers has identified commonalities among emotionally abusive adults. Which one of these is not one?
Low self-esteem
Which of the following is an example of extrinsic influence of emotion regulation?
Media
Figurative ways to describe emotions
Metaphorical terms to describe emotions such as "Anger is a hot fluid" which means I am boiling with anger
differential emotions theory
Personality and emotion are both organizing and motivating factors - help us organize thoughts, experiences, ext -
emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
regulation of emotion
the cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions.
emotive dissonance
the disconnect between how people feel and how they think they should feel
broaden-and-build hypothesis
the hypothesis that positive emotions broaden thought and action repertoires, helping people build social resources
interpersonal therapy (IPT)
treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions
response modulation
use venting, exercise, scaling, sublimation, etc. to manage the consequences and experience
Sex differences in emotion
women experience both positive and negative emotions more intensely and more frequently - Woman can identify what emotions people are feeling
Alexithymia
A person's inability to, or difficulty in, describing or being aware of emotions or mood
antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
Joy and health
Can motivate health-promoting behavior by making us feel good about doing that behavior
Sadness and health
Can motivate health-promoting behavior by making us feel sad about consequences of not doing that behavior
Fear and health
Can motivate health-promoting behavior by making us worry about the effects of not doing the behavior
Anger and health
Can motive health-promoting behavior by making us feel that we are engaging in the behavior to right our wrong
Dimensional View
Certain dimensions can be used to describe any meaning including the meaning of the emotion
Ontogeny is best described as
Change over time in the characteristics of an individual organism
Regarding the development of child's facial expressions of emotion, all are true except?
Child born blind do not develop facial expressions associated with disgust.
According to researchers, most sex differences in emotion are differences in:
Emotional expression
Prototype view
Emotional terms according to prototypes expressions -Anger has meaning cause we picture what anger looks like or sounds like
Different views explain the relationship between words and emotions.Which of the following explains Core Meaning View?
Emotional words invoke certain universal connotations
Affective- cognitive structures
Emotions link to thought and memories to form this - Joy triggers thoughts of affiliation and sharing more than sadness does -
This idea says we feel uncomfortable "faking" an emotion display when we know it doesn't match our genuine emotion
Emotive dissonance
Simulation
Express an emotion that you aren't actually feeling -Pretending to be happy
We have noted that emotional intelligence encompasses four specific components. Which of the following is not one of them?
Express emotions appropriately
Extraversion vs neuroticism
Extraversion is associated with positive affect whereas neuroticism is associated with negative
Expressive words of emotion
"Wow" or "Damn"
In therapy, Ron claims that "My wife is obsessed with making sure I go to the dentist every four months like clockwork. She's crazy!" Which of the following responses from his therapist would constitute a reframing of Ron's claim
"Your wife cares about you"
Brain structures and functions as dimensions of personality
- Frontal lobe controls foresight and anticipation (trying to explain something to someone) -Occipital lobe: Visual information - Temperal lobe: Language - Testosterone: Agression -Oxytocin: affectionate behavior
Lingustics research
- People remember emotion words over concrete words -Liars use more negative words and fewer self-references
Another figurative way to describe emotion: Metonymies
- Stands for one experience or something we associate an emotion with - "a body drop in temperature stands for fear" = I am getting cold feet
Pennebaker experiment trends
- Student benefit more than nonstudents - Men benefit more than woman - Longer intervals between writing is better -Writing about current vs past trauma is better
Two common ways to measure emotional intelligence
- Trait Meta- Mood scale -MSCEIT
Intrinsic examples
- Your temperament - Your experience with emotion - Your maturity -Intelligence
loneliness and health problems
-Chronic pain -drug and alcohol abuse -eating disorders -lack of exercise -consumption of fat
Negative emotions affect on body
-Hyperarousal - GI distress - Muscle tension - Elevated stress hormone -Immunsupressor
Spouse and partner abuse
-Woman ages 16-24 experience more emotional abuse
Characteristics of abusers
-jealousy -hypersensitivity - charming -poor communication skills
Extrinsic example
-parenting messages -rewards levied on emotion experience -peer influence -media influence
All of the following positive emotions would be considered extrinsic except:
Contentment
According to research, children begin monitoring and regulating their emotions at approximately what age?
2 years old
While filling out a questionnaire about how much he loves his parents, Eric gives answers that he thinks will make him look good rather than how he actually feels. In this case, Eric is being affected by:
A social desirability bias
emotional facilitation of thought
Ability to use emotional states to facilitate problem solving and creativity
Having been raised in a strict religious environment, Bryan is very susceptible to "guilt trips" that others induce on him. In contrast, Gail is relatively immune to guilt. According to Differential Emotions Theory, Bryan and Gail differ from each other in their:
Activation Threshold
Stimulus
Adderall or
The stress hormone cortisol is released by what?
Adrenal gland
Situtation modification
Altering an emotionally evocative situation in order to change its emotion impact (telling a joke during a speech
According to research, two vocal characteristics that vary the most as a function of emotion are:
Amplitude and fundamental frequency
Especially when chronic, this emotion predicts exaggerated physiological responses to stressors
Anger
Some words describe emotions
Anger, depression
A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRI is an example of which type of treatment of emotional disorders?
Antidepressant
Regarding the conscious experience of emotion, which of the following statements is true?
Appraisal of the reaction as a specific emotion is required
Core meaning view
Argues that emotion words invoke certain universal connotations - Anger invokes connotations meaning good or bad
Watching commercials depicting animal abuse and neglect make me sad so I pick up a magazine that makes me happy. What emotional regulation strategy is this?
Attention deployment
Extrinsic regulation definition
Based on external influences
Intrinsic regulation definition
Based on ones characteristics
responce efficacy
Belief that suggested behavior will solve whatever problem we perceive
self-efficacy
Belief that we have the ability to do what is suggested
Blake's mom keeps telling him that if he doesn't stop smoking, he is going to die a painful death. These statements make Blake worry so he decides to quit smoking. In this scenario, what is the connection between emotion and health?
Blake's emotion is motivating him to engage is health-promoting behavior
According to this hypothesis, experiencing positive emotions such as joy helps us be more creative and pay attention more
Broaden and build hypothesis
Tia has many close friends who provide her with love, support and positive emotions. As a result, Tia does not react in overly stressful way when she encounters a problem in her life. The stress-protective effect of positive emotion is explained by:
Buffering hypothesis
Common victims of emotional abuse
Children, abuse, and mental/physical disabled people
Situation selection
Choosing the situation that we think will give rise to desired emotions such as going to a movie
The process of acquiring knowledge including perception, intuition and reasoning
Cognition
Spencers therapist is trying to help him change inaccurate thought and disrupt his maladaptive behavior...what type of therapy is this?
Cognitive-behavorial therapy
Psychologist John Gottman has identified this as one of the most corrosive emotions in intimate relationships
Contempt
Maris knows that measure romantic love. Which of the following is an example of subjective perception?
Degree of acceptance: "i love my romantic partner very much"
Masculinity
Degree to which a culture enforces sex-differentiated goals
Basic literal term of emotion
Describes broad emotions such as anger
Non-basic literal terms
Describes specific instances of broad emotions such as annoyance or rage
The evolutionary purpose of this emotion is to protect us from contamination
Disgust
Those who argue that emotional intelligence is not a form of intelligence tend to point out...
El can be improved through training whereas a persons level of intelligence is usually stable over time.
This is the body's response to any event that that enhances or inhibits its goals
Emotion
The organizationally prescribed display of feeling is known as:
Emotion labor
Masking
Feeling one emotion but displaying other - Feeling sad but act angry
James comes from a culture in which gender role expectations for woman and men are very similar. Based on this information we would assume his culture is
Feminine
cognitive beahvioral therapy
Focuses on changing patterns of thinking and behavior
Implicational view
Focuses on the implications of an emotional state - I am angry suggest explosion, revenge
Whenever Drew gets excited, he speaks in a voice that sounds higher than normal. Which vocal property is his voice changing in response to his arousal?
Fundamental frequency
deep acting
Getting yourself to actually feel an emotion - Acting
Whats the difference between sadness and grief?
Grief encompasses more emotional dimensions than sadness does
inhibition
Hide your emotion you are actually feeling - Consealing your dissapointment
In North Korea, Communist Party officials have great wealth and authority, whereas average citizens have very little. This is a characteristic of...
High-Power- Distance Culture
Emotional regulation
How we try to influence which emotions we have, when we have them, and how we express and experience them
Jaime and Keith have a variety of "pet names" for each other. Pet names are an example of which form of affectionate communication?
Idiomatic expressions
Chantel feels both guilt and ashamed about certain aspects of her past. In regards to guilt and shame, which of the following statements is true?
In shame cultures, what matters is what others think of you, not what you think of yourself.
One of the distinctions between virtuous pride and hubris is:
In virtuous pride, the self and the object of pride are separate
Erin is surprised that her supervisor at work announces that their will be layoffs. She wants others in the office to think that she already knew about the layoffs though she hides her surprise. Which display rule is Erin enacting?
Inhibition
Emotional abuse has certain characteristics. Which of the following is not among them?
It occurs in independent relationships
Ekman argues that humans display six basic emotions. Which of the following is NOT among them?
Jealousy
Highly affectionate people
Live healthier lives but are more likely to contract mono
The word "emotion" shares Latin root of what term?
Motivation
Darwin claims that phylogeny is driven by which process?
Natural selection
Successful emotional appeals often focus on generating this type of emotion, specifically
Negative
Emotional abuse
Occurs when people subject or expose other to behavior that may result in psychological trauma
The best described as "the tool we use to measure something?"
Operational
In my study, I code peoples facial expression in order to measure their levels of joy. In this instance, I am using coding facial expression as my---of joy.
Operational definition
This is one of only two facial muscles that is not attached to the skull
Orbicularis oris
Aristotle believed that emotional appeals can persuade. What did he call them?
Pathos
Regulation
People regulate their physiological arousal in response to an emotion-inducing situation -Autonomic nervous system -Endocrine system -Immune system
Last week at a meeting, Maria manager paid her a compliment in front of everyone present and she blushed. Which is true about blushing?
People who blush are more trustworthy than those who don't
The emotion cascade includes all of the following except:
Physiological arousal
Expressive writing improves
Physiological functions Self-reported health Frequency of visits to doctors
Hair stands on your arm is a example of what?
Piloerection
buffering hypothesis
Positive emotions can buffer us against negative effects of stressors
Identified four brain structures, which one is not one?
Prefrontal cortext
Intensification
Pretending to feel an emotion more intensely than you actually feel it - pretending to be furious when you are only annoyed
This principle states that facial expressions of emotion are part of a more complex behavioral response directed by managing whatever is causing the emotion
Principle of servicable habits
Rumination
Process of focusing obsessively on bad feelings and experiences from the past
Victoria is known for being egocentric, manipulative, aggressive and even hostile in her interactions with others. On which of Eysencks three factors would she likely score high?
Psychoticism
undoing hypothesis
positive emotions aid the mind and the body by recovering a sense of balance and flexibility following an episode experiencing negative emotion
Cultural perspective on mental health
Recognizes that mental wellness is socially defined in ways that can vary by social group: - religion - economic class -culture
Attentional Deployment
Redirecting your attention to change your emotion -distraction - though supression -worry -rumination
Cognitive change
Reframing a situation to alter the emotion it induces
We have said that fear and anxiety prompt activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Which of the following is an example of HPA axis activity?
Release of Cortisol
Exposure
Repeatedly confronting negative feelings produces desensitization, reducing the effects
According to Witt's Parallel Process model, a persuasive message must include the claim that recommended the course of action would successfully deal with the problem. Which message component is being described?
Response-efficacy
Process model
Says that emotion is generated in 4 stages: -Situation - Attention -Appraisal -Response
To encourage his roomie Lise to lose weight, Tom tells her how happy she would feel if she exercised more. However, she doesn't feel like she has the ability to do so cause she is so busy. Tom's emotional appeal will likely fail because Lisa lacks:
Self-efficiency
Many emotions have specific action tendencies. When Mario feels surprised, which action tendency is activated?
Self-protection
Ethan feels calm, tranquil, and peaceful when he sits church. What emotion is he feeling?
Serenity
Jackie wants to study the effect of sadness on drug use. Which of the following is true about her research?
She must manipulate sadness
Cross cultural consistency in encoding and decoding are both highest with this emotional cue
Smiling
Judgement, evaluations, thoughts, and culture are key components of which approach to emotion?
Social Cognition
Regarding the brain neurons, which of the following statements is true?
Some neurotransmitters experience reuptake in the synopsis
What is the relationship of validity and reliability?
Something can't be valid if its not reliable
Jealousy is a secondary emotion composed of all the following except:
Surprise
When Tim tells Kelly about the grief he is experiencing over the loss of his job, Kate is concerned for his well-being. Which emotional state is Kate feeling?
Sympathy
Extraversion
Tendency to be outgoing, talkative, and interactive -socialable -dominant -impulsive -expressive - react better to positive stimuli
Psychoticism
Tendency toward aggression, recklessness, and hostility -Hostile -Egocentric -Manipulative - Dogmatic
Neuroticism
Tendency toward anxiety, fear, worry, envy -anxious -depressed -guilt -low self-esteem - have more negative baseline affect
uncertainty avoidance
The degree to which people feel threatened by ambiguous, risky, or unstructured situations.
The principle of facial primacy suggest:
The face is our principle means of conveying emotion
Principle of Linguistic Relativity
The hypothesis that the language a person speaks determines his or her thoughts and perceptions.
Label view
The meaning of emotion terms is simply associated between a label (anger) and some real phenomenon - Anger means what it does cause we connect the physical experience with anger with that word
Men and woman differ from each other in all of the following except:
Their level of intelligence
power distance
extent to which authority and privileges are divided among different groups within society and the extent to which these facts of life are accepted by the people within the society
Category of emotional abuse: Codependence/enmeshment
Treating you as an extension of themselves Sharing your private information without your permission Thinking they know better than you Requiring continual contact
According to linguistic research, which of the following statements is true?
Treatment with Botox slows the ability to process emotional language
Bodily emotional labor
Trying to change one's physical sensations, experiences, or symptoms to create a specific reaction
Expressive emotional labor
Trying to change ones expression to change the way they feel - Trying to smile even when not happy
Cognitive emotional labor
Trying to change thought, mental images, or ideas in order to change the feelings associated with them
Regarding laughter, which of the following is false?
Unvoiced laughs elicit more positive affect among hearers than voiced laughs
Somatic markers hypothesis is the brains structure responsible for somatic states from secondary inducers
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
continuum perspective of mental health
Views mental health as a point along continuum
Prevention perspective on mental health
Views mental wellness as the lack of a mental disorder
Communication competence
We want emotions and emotional responses to be appropriate to culturally and situationally situtations
Conceptual Act Theory of Emotions
When conceptual knowledge is used to make meaning of the self's affect or another persons expression
When does a child start showing basic emotions?
Within the first 6 months
Emotional catharsis
Writing allows us to vent negative feelings which make us feel better
Emotional confrontation
Writing forces us to confront trama, reducing the work of inhibition
coherent narrative
Writing forces us to process trauma cognitively and develop a more cohesive narrative
Antidepressants
a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression such as SSRI
narcissistic personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance
Emotional labor
an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work
negative emotions
anger, anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, sadness, envy, disgust
borderline personality disorder
condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control
display rules
cross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions
Gender roles
culturally specific notions of what it means to be a man and what it means to be a woman - masculinity -femininity
Deintensification
downplaying particularly strong emotions
Surface acting
faking emotion/feelings - work at disneyland and act happy all the time but really arent
speech therapy
formal therapy which assists residents with speech and swallowing problems
Individualism
giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
social anxiety disorder
intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such
Positive emotions
joy, pride, relief, hope, love, and compassion
antipsychotic drugs
medications that are used to treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders - Risperdal or Abilify
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response