PBHL

According to the graph, what is the reduction in U.S. lumber consumption as a result of the tariff?

200,000

Smokers have a roughly _____ time higher mortality rate than non-smokers and their life expectancy is ____ years shorter.

3, 10

The "morning after pill," a form of emergency contraception, can be taken up to how long after unprotected intercourse to prevent ovulation or implantation?

5 days

According to the graph, what quantity of domestic lumber will be supplied after a tariff of $0.50 per board foot is imposed?

900,000 board feet

Which of the following is the best definition of a sin tax?

A tax placed on certain goods deemed harmful to society and individuals

Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed behavior disorder of childhood and it s prevalence has been increasing?

ADHD

Match the following guidelines from the 2018 Institute of Medicine revision for physical activity to the appropriate population and type of physical activity.

Adult moderate-intensity aerobic activity: 150-300 mins/week Adult vigorous-intensity aerobic activity: 75 to 150 minutes per week Adult muscle strengthening exercise: 2 days/week Children and adolescent physical activity: 60 mins or more/day

Match each of the following definitions of common eating disorders to the appropriate disorder.

Anorexia nervosa: An obsession with food and weight control, typically eats foods in very small portions Binge-eating Disorder: Loss of control over eating but more likely to e overweight or obese Bulimia nervosa: Obsession with food and weight, lack control over eating, often use self-induced vomiting or laxatives, more likely to be of normal weight

Obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder can both be classified under which category of mental disorders?

Anxiety

Match the category of mental disorder to the appropriate description.

Anxiety: Vitally important physiological response to dangerous situations that prepares one to evade or confront a threat in the environment Disturbances of Mood: Characteristically manifest themselves as a sustained feeling of sadness or hopelessness Psychosis: Disorders of perception and thought Disturbances of Cognition: Alterations in the ability to organize

Match the occupational exposure to the appropriate carcinogen.

Asbestos - Causes mesothelioma almost exclusively among workers Arsenic - Caused lung and lymphatic cancer in copper smelters Benzidine - Caused bladder cancer in dye factory workers Vinyl chloride - Causes angiosarcoma

Air quality was noticeably deteriorating in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s due to which of the following?

Automobiles

In which type of eating disorder do people lose control over their eating but they do not purge?

Binge-eating disorder

Match the organization to the appropriate description.

CDC: Recommends that physical education classes teach school-age children about the health benefits of physical activity and help them to develop skills that can be applied in lifelong physical fitness activities Institute of Medicine: Recommends thinking in terms of lifelong weight management US Dept. Of Health and Human Services: Decided that guidelines for physical activity should be developed similar to dietary guidelines American Academy of Pediatrics: Recommends no more than 2 hours per day of recreational screen time for children 2 years and older and none for younger children

Match the organization to the appropriate description.

CDC: Stepped up its efforts in the early 1990s to identify and evaluate interventions to prevent and reduce the impact of violence. Harvard Injury Control Research Center: Developed a National Violent Injury Statistics System in 1999 NYC Health Dept: Instituted the "Children Can't Fly" program requiring landlords to install window guards and the number of fatal falls was reduced by half National Rifle Association: Regard any attempt to control access to firearms as an attack on the Second Amendment of the Constitution

What major component of the atmosphere may have ominous implications for the future of the earth's environment due to its increasing proportion?

CO2

Match the terms to the appropriate description.

Carrying Capacity - The number of organisms that can be supported in a given environment without degrading that environment J Pattern - The population expands rapidly past the carrying capacity and then crashes S pattern - Environmental pressures increase gradually as the population approaches carrying capacity Population Biology - Has yielded some concepts and insights that can be applied to human populations

Which of the following refers to a category of gases that were commonly used in aerosols and are believed to have caused damage to the Earth's ozone layer?

Chlorofluorocarbons

Which of the following is the federal law designed to clean up contaminated sites in the United States?

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

Which of the following is the leading specific cause of infant mortality based on death certificates?

Congenital abnormalities

Match the condition with the appropriate description

Diabetic retinopathy- High blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina Cataracts- The most prevalent cause of eye disease Glaucoma- Gradual increase in pressure within the eye that causes damage to the optic nerve Macular degeneration-Involves the breakdown of the light-sensing cells in the central part of the retina

Which federal agency is responsible for prevention and cleanup of water and air pollution and other environmental contamination issues?

EPA

Which of the following have been identified as key factors in dealing with stress?

Education, Social Support, Money

Which of the following is most true regarding FDA and USDA regulatory power and budgets?

FDA regulates more of our food but with less power and smaller budget

At the time of the Hurricane Katrina disaster, which of the following was a weaker agency than it had been during the Clinton administration when it was a cabinet-level agency with a professional disaster-relief professional as a director?

FEMA

People with less education and lower incomes are more likely to be active than those of higher socioeconomic status.

False

Match the congenital malformation to the appropriate description.

German measles (Rubella): Once a common cause of deafness and mental retardation is now prevented by immunization Anencephaly and spina bifida: May be caused in part by a deficiency in folic acid Phenylketonuria and hypothyroidism: Defect in body chemistry that can be remedied by early diagnosis and treatment Tay-Sachs disease and Down Syndrome: Have a well-known genetic basis and can be detected by genetic screening

Which of the following was the leading cause of death in the United States in the year 2017?

Heart disease

Which ethnic group will have the greatest percentage increase among the older generation by the year 2060?

Hispanic

Which of the following turned out to be the deadliest hurricane since 1928 and the costliest natural disaster on record in the United States?

Hurricane Katrina

What hurricane made landfall 26 days after Hurricane Katrina near the Texas-Louisiana border, thus, interfering with hurricane response activities in New Orleans and forcing the evacuations of coastal regions of Louisiana and Texas?

Hurricane Rita

Match the levels of the ecological model with the appropriate description.

Intrapersonal Factors: Encompasses the knowledge Public Policy: Encompasses the regulations and limitations on behavior Interpersonal Relationships: Families Institutional Settings: Schools and workplaces can have a profound effect on health and health-related behavior

Currently, about 53 % of municipal solid waste, as well as wastes from other sources, is disposed of by which method?

Landfills

Which of the following is believed to be the single most important environmental threat to the health of American children who may be exposed to it?

Lead

Which of the following is the largest source of non-background radiation exposure?

Medical/dental x-rays

In 2018, the FDA proposed a ban on which type of cigarettes?

Menthol

What state has the highest rate of recycling in the United States at 95%?

Michigan

What state has no seat belt law for adults?

New Hampshire

Match each cigarette component with the best corresponding description.

Nicotine: Enhances energy and alertness while raising the heart rate and blood pressure Tar: Damages cilia, irritates the respiratory tract linings, and is a direct cause of lung cancer Carbon Monoxide: Reduces the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen

Match the study to the appropriate description

Nun Study of 678 Sisters of Notre Dame- Demonstrated the women who had the lowest linguistic skills in their early 20s were most likely to develop Alzheimer's as they aged Swedish Twin Registry- The twin with the dementia had significantly less education than the healthy one Nurses' Health Study- Found that women who got the most exercise showed less cognitive decline over the years than less active women Framingham Heart Study - Tracked the health of a cohort of original participants and their offspring

Match the organization with the appropriate description.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Empowered to set standards National Institute of Justice: Collaborated with the CDC to sponsor the Violence Against Women survey National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Conducts research Consumer Product Safety Commission: Administers a surveillance system that collects data from a nationally representative sample of 66 hospital emergency rooms

Being overweight reduces the risk of which of the following medical condition?

Osteoporosis

Match the environmental exposure to the appropriate description.

PCBs- Most widespread chemical contaminant, used in production of sealed electronic components. Nitrates - Common in water polluted by factory farms, linked to spontaneous abortions and "blue-baby" syndrome. DDT - Commonly used in pesticides, believed to by tied to reproductive effects in humans. BPAs - Industrial chemical used when making plastics, especially those used for storing food and water.

Which of the following is a special problem because it constitutes such a large proportion of trash, and yet it cannot be recycled indefinitely because the fibers break down?

Paper

Which part of Medicare is a prescription drug plan that is optional and requires an additional monthly premium?

Part D

Match the pollutant to the appropriate description.

Particulate matter - The smoke, soot, and ash that were so typical of the Industrial Revolution Carbon monoxide - Highly toxic gas that is produced in motor vehicle exhaust Nitrogen oxides - Chemicals responsible for the yellowish-brown appearance of smog Sulfur Dioxide - Most significant impact is as a precursor to acid rain

Match each of the following responsibilities to the appropriate agency (an agency may be used more than once)

Pesticide Residues - EPA Cosmetics - FDA Drug Safety - FDA Labeling of nutrition info on foods - FDA Food-borne outbreak investigations - CDC Meat and poultry - USDA Imported Foods - USDA

Which of the following was the leading cause of death in the United States in the year 1900?

Pneumonia and Influenza

Which of the following is the leading cause of injury related death in the United States?

Poisoning

Match the stages of the transtheoretical model with the appropriate behavior.

Precontemplation Stage: People have no intention to change their behavior Contemplation Stage: Person is more aware of the benefits of change but not ready to take action Preparation Stage: Person has decided to make the change and planned a course of action Action Stage: Individuals actually modify their behavior

Which of the following is the most public health-oriented kind of care the medical profession provides?

Prenatal care

Match the forms of treatment to the appropriate description.

Prolonged Exposure Therapy: Involves helping people confront their fear and feelings about trauma they experienced through mental imagery Psychoactive stimulants: Often used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Cognitive Processing Therapy: Patient is asked to recount his/her traumatic experience and a therapist helps him/her redirect inaccurate or destructive thoughts about the experience Electroconvulsant shock therapy: Sometimes used for severe depression

Match the following terms to the appropriate description

PulseNet - CDC program consisting of public health laboratories in all 50 states and Canada that can do DNA fingerprinting on foodborne bacteria FoodNet- CDC active surveillance network designated to help public health officials better understand the epidemiology of foodborne diseases in the United States Active surveillance - Occurs when a public health agency contacts laboratories about illnesses they conduct tests on, or calls members of the general population to as if they have had a recent illness Passive surveillance - Occurs when a public health agency waits for information to be reported to it by doctors

Which of the following has been shown to greatly reduce the contamination of chicken breasts with Salmonella, ground beef with E. coli, and shrimp with the cholera bacteria?

Radiation

Which of the following is the principle federal law governing the disposal of waste (solid and hazardous) in the United States?

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Match the contaminant to the appropriate product.

Salmonella - Mexican Peppers Cyclospora - Guatemalan raspberries Escherichia Coli - Jack in the box hamburgers Hepatitis A - Mexican green onions

The FDA implemented HACCP for which of the following, making it mandatory in 1999?

Seafood

Which of the following is often a fifth factor in the health belief model and defined as the sense of having control over one's life?

Self-efficacy

The educational messages most guaranteed to generate controversy are those concerning which of the following?

Sexual Behavior

Which of the following accounts for 30 percent of all cancer deaths and 21 percent of cardiovascular disease deaths?

Smoking

Match each of the following examples of public health action with the appropriate public health strategy.

Social Norms Approach: Helping high school students understand that in fact most high school students are not currently vaping Prohibition: An outright ban on the manufacture and sale of all vaping-related products Regulatory Approach: Making the UGA campus not only cigarette-smoking free but also vaping free Education: Information campaigns designed to inform high school students on the health risks of vaping

Which of the following is the most important predictor of health?

Socioeconomic Status

Match descriptions to the appropriate entity

Strategic National Stockpile- Federal entity that includes medical supplies, antibiotics, vaccines, and antidotes for chemical agents and other supplies needed for emergencies Federal Emergency Management Agency- Federal agency that organized the response to Hurricane Katrina Department of Homeland Security- Leading agency in development of technological methods for detecting biological and chemical attacks Office of Emergency Management- New York's agency that directed response activities following the attacks on the World Trade Center National Incident Management System- Federal system designed to standardize organizational structures, processes, and procedures for emergencies

In 2017, what made up the majority of gun-related deaths in the United States?

Suicides

Match the entity with the action they conducted in response to the health effects of cigarette smoking.

Surgeon General: In 1964, provided the first detailed report on the health effects of cigarette smoking EPA: Declared second-hand smoking as a carcinogen Connecticut: In 1974, passed restrictions on smoking in restaurants Federal Communication Commission: Created what became known as the Fairness Doctrine requiring PSAs that matched cigarette advertisements on radio and TV Federal Trade Commission: Required warning labels on cigarette packaging

Raising taxes on cigarettes is most likely to reduce smoking rates among which groups?

Teens and low-income adults

Controlling the effects of an injury after the fact is _____________________ prevention.

Tertiary

Match the publication to the appropriate description.

The Population Explosion - Argued that many of Malthus's dire predictions have already begun to be realized The Population Bomb - Best seller that repeated and expanded upon Malthus's warning of population growth was outpacing the food supply One with Nineveh - Stabilization of the world's population is closely tied to modernization and economic viability of the poorest countries Humanity on a Tightrope - Authors argue that in order to prevent against the collapse of civilization, people need to recognize that we are all part of one family

What is the relationship between smoking and education level?

The prevalence of smoking decreases as education increases.

Which of the following are most true regarding particulate matter and human health?

The smaller the particulate the more dangerous to lung function

Match the piece of legislation to the appropriate description.

Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 - Allowed the government to require testing of potentially hazardous substances before they go on the market and to ban them in certain instances The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 - Empowered the federal government to set standards for workers' exposure to toxic substances The Clean Air Act of 1970 - Required the Environmental Protection Agency to develop a list of industrial pollutants that can cause serious health damage and set emission standards for them The Federal Insecticide - Requires government approval before insecticides

Injury rates, like other indicators of poor health, are higher in groups of lower socioeconomic status.

True

Mental illnesses are sometimes difficult to diagnose and, consequently, hard for epidemiologists to count.

True

Statistics show that most ethnic minorities in the United States have significantly higher mortality rates from most diseases than whites.

True

The infant mortality rate in America is very high compared with that of other industrialized countries.

True

Which agency has the power to bar importing of meat and poultry from countries with inferior food safety systems?

USDA

The ozone layer protects the Earth's surface from what type of radiation?

Ultraviolet radiation

According to which organization, in 2015 about 11 percent of the world's population is chronically or acutely malnourished?

United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization

Clinical trials have shown that supplements of which vitamin can reduce the risk of falls independently of their value in osteoporosis prevention?

Vitamin D

Match each of the following program descriptions with the appropriate program designed (at least in part) to improve the nutrition of women and children.

WIC: Vouchers for certain foods for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children up to 5 years of age SNAP: Families of lower household income are given electronic benefits transfer cards to buy groceries. School Meals Program: Free lunches provided for children from households at or below 185% of the federal poverty line.

Match the task or problem likely to occur in a disaster with the appropriate method of prevention

Warnings- Should be delivered in a manner that will prompt appropriate action by the population Triage- A method for sorting survivors by severity of their injury and need for treatment Search and Rescue- Should be coordinated so that casualties are entered into the emergency medical services system and the healthcare system Mass Media- Should be used to warn the public about health risks after the disaster as an effective public health measure

In terms of body mass index (BMI), overweight is defined as a BMI between X and just below Y, obese as a BMI between Y and just below Z, and severe obesity as a BMI of at least Z.

X=25, Y=30, Z=40

The ability of an individual, firm, or country to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources is known as:

absolute advantage

According to the theory of comparative advantage, specialization and free trade will benefit:

all trading partners who specialize in goods where they have comparative advantage

A product produced in a foreign country and purchased by residents of the home country is called:

an import

Countries gain from specializing in producing goods in which they have a(n) __________ advantage and trading for goods in which other countries have a(n) __________ advantage.

comparative, comparative

Goods and services produced domestically but sold to other countries are called __________.

exports

If a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good, then that country:

has a lower opportunity cost in the production of that good

The units used for body mass index are a person's weight measured in __________, __________ by the square of height measured in ____________.

kg, divided, meters

When nations specialize in their comparative advantage and engage in trade:

overall standards of living increase

Epidemiologists find that the number one risk factor for infant mortality is

poverty

The use of trade barriers to shield domestic companies from foreign competition is called __________.

protectionism

A numerical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported is known as a(n):

quota

The cost of saving jobs through trade barriers like tariffs and quotas is:

relatively high

A tax imposed by a government on imported products is called a:

tariff

Which of the following is the term used for the cost of disposing a ton of municipal waste?

tipping fee

The population is growing older by a number of measures, such as median age and percentage over 65.

true