COMM Chapter 2

Environmental elements include?

beliefs, context, history, participants, relationships, physical setting or values

if a person receives a text message with an emoji that they do not understand, then the message might not be?

decoded and understood in the way the source intended

the receiver must be able to take away meaning from a message. this is done through a process called?

decoding- the process of drawing meaning from symbols that were used to encode a message

what are the 3 theoretical models

linear model, interactive model, and transactional model

What are the 2 types of noise that can effect how a speech is delivered or received ?

physical and psychological

noise

physical and/ or psychological interference that influences how a message is received; anything that can influence how a message is received after the source encodes and sends it.

In terms of public speaking the audience is the?

receiver - the destination that a message is being delivered to

what are the 7 elements in the basic process of linear model of communication?

source, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, noise (physical/psychological)

The first element is the ______, which is where a massage originates. In terms of public speaking, the ______ is the speaker who creates a message. A _______ is the content or idea that the source (speaker) delivers. To deliver a ______, the speaker first converts an idea into words through a process called _______ taking an abstract idea and giving it meaning through the application of symbols. The message is then delivered through a ______ the medium through which message travels to an audience.

source, source, message, encoding, channel

What is physical and psychological noise?

types of noise that can affect how a message is delivered or received

what is the linear model of communication?

views communication as a one way process in which a source sends an encoded message through a channel to a receiver, who then decodes that message - the speaker sends a message while the audience receives the message without responding

How does the linear model view receivers?

As sponges who absorb information provided by a source, and this model does not take into account that the receivers are more involved in the communication process.

What are the similarities between speeches and conversations?

Audience centered: center our focus on audience when making choices about what to say before we speak, Attention to feedback: so we respond appropriately, Goal driven: accomplish something, Logic is required: logically organized messages to decode accurately, Stories for effect: Maximize effect of message

what does the transactional model recognize?

Communication is constant, and that we often simultaneously play the roles of both source and receivers

what is the transactional model of communication?

Communication process that happens simultaneously between source and receiver; accounts for both a source and a receiver encoding and decoding messages simultaneously and both parties using the same channel.

Choices made in the initial stage of encoding such as choosing words that do not accurately reflect an idea or using words that the audience does not understand could cause?

Confusion and impact how a message is received.

What is a major component that the interactive model is missing?

Is the idea that sources and receivers do not wait to provide feedback

what is feed back?

Is the receivers response to the message sent by the source.

What are the differences between speeches and conversations?

Language choices: Speeches formal and conversations casual, Speeches require organization: Speeches are organized and practiced, use of notes: we don't use notes when speaking, delivery style, physical arrangement

What model reflects conversations or delivering presentations to an audience?

The transactional model of communication

How can you better understand the interactive model?

Think about a conversation using text messages. when you deliver a message while texting you are see source. the other person, is the receiver who decodes message and responds with another text. when you receive the response you become the receiver of the feedback. this situation takes time for the message to be sent and for feedback to travel to the source.

Problems with decoding and encoding?

We may be speaking the same language but when we understand the same words differently, miscommunication may occur. Ex: lecture from teachers, or in debates

What is the interactive model?

A two way process of communication where messages flow between sender and receiver

what is another concept added to the interactive model and what is the meaning?

Environment is the context in which communication takes place; deeper understanding of context than noise does in the linear model

What are some characteristics of physical noise?

Other noise, visual barriers, poor volume or projection, distractions in the room

What are some characteristics of psychological noise?

Preoccupation with other thoughts, Emotional reaction to topic, prejudice toward speaker, unwillingness to listen, resistance to message

What are some Myths about public speaking?

Public speaking is a talent, not a skill: people practice to get got it is not a talent Speech is easy; we do it all the time: just because we speak all the time doesn't mean we do it effectively or correctly in every context; it takes thought and time There is no correct way to deliver a speech: principles of organization delivery language and style apply to how a speech is developed and presented.

What does the transactional model help us understand?

That things never go exactly as planned so we constantly adapt to feedback; explains how communication functions and reflects public speaking as a process.

How is the interactive model different from the linear model?

The concept of feedback. after a receiver decodes the sources message a response is sent back to the source, unlike linear model.