Comm_ch3_test1

what three characteristics make a stimulus more likely to be selected for attention?

1. being unusual or unexpected 2. repetition 3. the intensity

what are the three steps in stereotyping?

1. we identity a group 2. we recall a generalization 3. we apply that generalization to the person

what are the four types of schema used to classify information about other people?

1.Physical constructs 2.Role constructs 3.Interaction constructs 4.Psychological constructs

self-serving bias

How we explain our own behaviors: the tendency to attribute one's successes to stable internal causes and one's failures to unstable external causes

stereotype

a generalization about a group or category of people that is applied to the individual members of that group.

perceptual schema

a mental frame-work for organizing information

reticular formation

a part of the brain that serves the important function of helping you focus on certain stimuli while ignoring others

face

a person's desired public image

perceptual set

a person's predisposition to perceive only what he or she wants/expects to perceive

defense mechanism

a response that minimizes the effects of a face-threatening act on you

stability

a second dimension of attributions whether the cause is stable or unstable

self-fulfilling prophecy

a situation in which an expectation prompts you to act and communicate in ways that make that expectation come true

Johari window

a visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others

life story

a way of presenting oneself to others that is based on one's self-concept but is also influence by other people

attribution

an explanation for an observed behavior

face-threatening act

any behavior that threatens one or more face needs

Physical constructs

emphasize people's appearance

Interaction constructs

emphasize people's behavior

Role constructs

emphasize people's social or professional position

psychological constructs

emphasize people's thoughts and feelings

locus

first dimension of attributions refers to where the cause of a behavior is located. Internal and external causes

face needs

important components of one's desired public image

open area

known to self and to others

hidden area

known to self and unknown to others

what are the three dimensions of attribution?

locus, stability, and controllability

self-esteem

one's subjective evaluation of one's value and worth as a person

stable

permanent, semipermanent, or at least not easily changed

what are the three basic stages of perception?

selection, organization, and interpretation

facework

the behaviors people use to establish an maintain their desired public image with others

constructs

the categories of information organized when the mind applies perceptual schema

autonomy face

the need to avoid being imposed upon by others

fellowship face

the need to be liked and accepted by others

competence face

the need to be respected and views as competent and intelligent

interpretation

the process of assigning meaning to information (stimuli) that has been selected for attention and organized

organization

the process of categorizing information (stimuli) that has been selected for attention

perception

the process of making meaning from environmental experiences

selection

the process of paying attention to a certain stimulus

image management

the process of projecting one's desired public image

self-concept

the set of perceptions a person has about who he or she is; also known as identity (understanding of who you are) it is multi-faced and partly subjective

identity

the set of perceptions a person has about who he or she is; also known as self-concept (understanding of who you are)

fundamental attribution error

the tendency to attribute others' behaviors to internal rather than external causes

primacy effect

the tendency to emphasize the first impression over later impressions when forming a perception

recency effect

the tendency to emphasize the most recent impression over earlier impressions when forming a perception

image

the way one wishes to be seen or perceived by others

controllability

third dimension of attribution whether the cause of behavior is controllable and uncontrollable

blind area

unknown to self and known to others

unknown area

unknown to self and unknown to others

unstable

unpredictable

interpersonal perception

we gather data, bits of info from our own self that helps us to make meaning about people from our own and others' behavior