Comm_ch3_test1
what three characteristics make a stimulus more likely to be selected for attention?
1. being unusual or unexpected 2. repetition 3. the intensity
what are the three steps in stereotyping?
1. we identity a group 2. we recall a generalization 3. we apply that generalization to the person
what are the four types of schema used to classify information about other people?
1.Physical constructs 2.Role constructs 3.Interaction constructs 4.Psychological constructs
self-serving bias
How we explain our own behaviors: the tendency to attribute one's successes to stable internal causes and one's failures to unstable external causes
stereotype
a generalization about a group or category of people that is applied to the individual members of that group.
perceptual schema
a mental frame-work for organizing information
reticular formation
a part of the brain that serves the important function of helping you focus on certain stimuli while ignoring others
face
a person's desired public image
perceptual set
a person's predisposition to perceive only what he or she wants/expects to perceive
defense mechanism
a response that minimizes the effects of a face-threatening act on you
stability
a second dimension of attributions whether the cause is stable or unstable
self-fulfilling prophecy
a situation in which an expectation prompts you to act and communicate in ways that make that expectation come true
Johari window
a visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others
life story
a way of presenting oneself to others that is based on one's self-concept but is also influence by other people
attribution
an explanation for an observed behavior
face-threatening act
any behavior that threatens one or more face needs
Physical constructs
emphasize people's appearance
Interaction constructs
emphasize people's behavior
Role constructs
emphasize people's social or professional position
psychological constructs
emphasize people's thoughts and feelings
locus
first dimension of attributions refers to where the cause of a behavior is located. Internal and external causes
face needs
important components of one's desired public image
open area
known to self and to others
hidden area
known to self and unknown to others
what are the three dimensions of attribution?
locus, stability, and controllability
self-esteem
one's subjective evaluation of one's value and worth as a person
stable
permanent, semipermanent, or at least not easily changed
what are the three basic stages of perception?
selection, organization, and interpretation
facework
the behaviors people use to establish an maintain their desired public image with others
constructs
the categories of information organized when the mind applies perceptual schema
autonomy face
the need to avoid being imposed upon by others
fellowship face
the need to be liked and accepted by others
competence face
the need to be respected and views as competent and intelligent
interpretation
the process of assigning meaning to information (stimuli) that has been selected for attention and organized
organization
the process of categorizing information (stimuli) that has been selected for attention
perception
the process of making meaning from environmental experiences
selection
the process of paying attention to a certain stimulus
image management
the process of projecting one's desired public image
self-concept
the set of perceptions a person has about who he or she is; also known as identity (understanding of who you are) it is multi-faced and partly subjective
identity
the set of perceptions a person has about who he or she is; also known as self-concept (understanding of who you are)
fundamental attribution error
the tendency to attribute others' behaviors to internal rather than external causes
primacy effect
the tendency to emphasize the first impression over later impressions when forming a perception
recency effect
the tendency to emphasize the most recent impression over earlier impressions when forming a perception
image
the way one wishes to be seen or perceived by others
controllability
third dimension of attribution whether the cause of behavior is controllable and uncontrollable
blind area
unknown to self and known to others
unknown area
unknown to self and unknown to others
unstable
unpredictable
interpersonal perception
we gather data, bits of info from our own self that helps us to make meaning about people from our own and others' behavior
