Community Nutrition Exam 3: Chapters 11, 12, 13, 15
The School Breakfast Program serves breakfast for free or at a reduced price of no more than ____ to students from households with incomes at or below the income eligibility guidelines.
$0.30
The infant mortality rate (IMR) is expressed as the number of infant deaths under 1 year of age per ____ live births.
1,000
. Following the first trimester, a gain of about ____ pound(s) per week is normal and recommended.
1.0
Age at which whole eggs may be introduced for an infant because allergies are less likely
10-12 months
The Healthy People 2020 objective for maternal mortality seeks a target of ____ maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
11.4
By ____ months of age, most infants have tripled their birth weight.
12
Not eating enough fruits and vegetables, eating too much fat, and not engaging in regular vigorous physical activity are contributing factors to the fact that more than ____ of young people are considered overweight or obese.
17%
In 2010, _____ of children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years were overweight.
18%
The baby boom generation consists of people born between the years _____ and _____.
1946; 1964
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) was authorized in ____.
1972
Children typically grow ____ inches taller per year between one year of age and adolescence.
2-3
The Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents classifies a total blood cholesterol level of ____ mg/dL or an LDL-cholesterol level of ____ mg/dL as high.
200; 130
As of 2011, about ____% of American households speak a language other than English at home.
21
By 2040, the number of adults aged 65 and over in the U.S. is expected to be about _____ percent of the population.
22
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy for women who begin pregnancy at a healthful weight is between ____ pounds.
25 and 35
The prevalence of hunger in children is ____ times higher among racial and ethnic minorities.
3
What percent of older adults currently live in nursing homes?
3.4
Healthy People 2020 aims to increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity to ____.
31.6%
Age at which iron-fortified rice cereal and pureed fruits and vegetables may be introduced for an infant
4-6 months
Children typically gain ____ or more pounds per year between one year of age and adolescence.
5
Failure to thrive is diagnosed in infants who fall below the ____ percentile on the growth chart for weight-for-length.
5th
The prevalence of hunger in children is ____ times higher in single-mother households.
6
Age at which mashed fruits and vegetables as well as infant bread and crackers may be introduced for an infant
6 to 8 months
More than ____ percent of older Americans have multiple chronic conditions that can benefit from nutrition intervention by food and nutrition practitioners.
66
Age at which protein foods, such as yogurt, chopped meats, and egg yolks, as well as toast and teething crackers may be introduced for an infant
8-10 months
Because of the caps placed on allocated federal funds, WIC currently reaches only about ____ of eligible persons
80%
Females account for about ____ of people with eating disorders.
90%
The Healthy People 2020 objective for abstinence from alcohol among pregnant women seeks a target of ____.
98.3%
Provides meals and snacks to participating day care programs for older Americans
Adult Care Food Program
The North side Breastfeeding Campaign aimed to raise awareness and increase knowledge of breastfeeding in a(n) ____ American population.
African
Infant mortality rate is more than double that of white Americans
African Americans
In 2010, individuals in this group had a 30% higher chance of dying from heart disease than white individuals
African Americans
Which group of women tend to gain less than the recommended level of weight during pregnancy?
African-American women
A select subgroup of this ethic group has the highest incidence of diabetes in the world
American Indians
Twice as likely to develop and die from diabetes as whites
American Indians
Which group has a high prevalence of diabetes and a high death rate from cirrhosis?
American Indians/Alaska Natives
Which of the following children is most likely to be iron deficient?
An African-American female living below the poverty threshold.
In 2012, tuberculosis was24 times more common for this group
Asian Americans
Overall incidence of AIDS has increased in this population in the past 5 years
Asian Americans
Which demographic group breastfeeds their infants most frequently in the U.S.?
Asian, non-Hispanic
Program goal is to encourage calcium consumption and physical activity to reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life.
Best Bones Forever
Which group has the highest infant mortality rates in the United States?
Black, non-Hispanic
Monthly food package of fruits, vegetables, meats, infant formula, beans and other available foods
CSFP
Assist states in initiating, maintaining, and expanding nonprofit food service programs for children and elderly or impaired adults in nonresidential day care facilities.
Child and Adult Care Food Program
Improve the health and nutritional status of low-income women, infants, children and the elderly through donation of supplemental foods.
Commodity Supplemental Food Program
Which program is funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)?
Commodity Supplemental Food Program
Paternalistic attitude toward the "unfortunates"
Cultural incapacity
To provide guidance for instituting elements of organizational cultural competence, the Office of Minority Health of the USDHHS has issued National Standards for ____.
Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services
Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program
DHHS
Head Start Program
DHHS
Medicare
DHHS
Older Americans Nutrition Program
DHHS
Title V Maternal and Child Health Program
DHHS
The Older Americans Nutrition Program is funded by the _____.
Department of Health and Human Services
Nutrition education for persons with incomes at or below 125% of poverty level who have children under 19 years of age
EFNEP
Nutrition education program for low-income families
EFNEP
A mandatory Medicaid service to improve the health status of children from low-income families
EPSDT
Health screenings, dental checks, health education, and hearing and vision test for children up to 18 years of age
EPSDT
Which program is a mandatory Medicaid service that aims to improve the health status of children from low-income families by providing health services as outline by Congress?
Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program
Uses a mascot, Power Panther, as the primary communication vehicle for delivering messages about nutrition and physical activity to children and their caregivers.
Eat Smart. Play Hard.
The _____ mandate(s) the provision of comprehensive nutrition services to special needs children 3-5 years of age, using a community-based approach that focuses on the family.
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
Makes food commodities available to the states for distribution to the needy.
Emergency Food Assistance Program
Which individual will receive priority care within the WIC program?
Emily, a pregnant woman with iron-deficiency anemia
Which two USDA nutrition education programs specifically target the improvement of children's health?
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program and Team Nutrition
Increases fruit and vegetable consumption for persons eligible for WIC
FMNP
A child born in 2013 can expect to live 72.8 years, about 50 years longer than a child born in 1900.
False
A food bank project buys irregular foods that are damaged or expired and would be thrown away and sells the food to older adults at a reduced price.
False
A nonprofessional interpreter is often sufficient for use in health care settings.
False
A study by Kittler et al. found that behavioral stereotypes hold true for 50% of the individuals in a cultural group.
False
Adolescent males and females have the same iron needs.
False
African American infants are twice as likely to die from issues related to low birth weight than white American infants
False
All commercially available infant formulas are based on milk proteins and therefore contain lactose.
False
All schools that offer the School Lunch Program (NSLP) are also required to offer the breakfast program.
False
As children grow into teens, their diets typically improve
False
As opposed to leadership, management is the process by which one person influences others to work toward a goal.
False
BMI values for children and adolescents are age-specific but not gender-specific.
False
Babies should be weaned from breast milk to whole cow's milk at six months.
False
Both Westerners and non-Westerners tend to use scientific reasoning to identify the causes of illnesses
False
Children's eating habits have changed little over the past 20 years.
False
Culture has a minimal impact on food behavior.
False
Diabetes mellitus is the number one most chronic disease of childhood.
False
EPSDT is a mandatory Medicaid service administered by CMS and is a widespread and well-utilized program because it is available to many participants.
False
Empathy and sympathy are synonymous.
False
In general, rural communities have adequate numbers of physicians and dentists to meet health care needs.
False
Iron deficiency is common throughout the world, but not in the United States.
False
Learning useful generalizations about a cultural group is not recommended as a starting point as you will develop too many stereotypes about the group.
False
Many nonverbal gestures can be universally translated across all cultural groups
False
Minorities constitute a large proportion of the health care workforce.
False
More students participate in the School Breakfast Program than the National School Lunch Program.
False
Most schools prohibit "competitive foods" from being sold on school grounds.
False
Nationwide, about half of all seniors live in rural areas.
False
Older adults often avoid feeling the loss of future by using their present time for leisure and enjoyment.
False
One general characteristic of baby boomers is that they are nostalgic and are not necessarily concerned with eating food that is healthy and convenient.
False
Poly pharmacy, which is the tendency to purchase drugs at more than three stores, is problematic for many older adults.
False
Providing entreat nutrition for older adults at nutritional risk is the most important first step in maintaining quality of life and functional status.
False
Rural Americans have lower rates of chronic illness and enjoy better overall health than those living in urban areas.
False
Seniors interviewed in focus groups have shown no interest in changing their eating behaviors.
False
Smiling, showing warmth, and being friendly seldom enhance cross-cultural communication
False
Successful, effective nutrition programs for children and youth are those that ignore the mixed messages in the media about product sand values.
False
Team Nutrition, founded in 1995 by the USDA, focuses on getting students involved in school sports programs.
False
The La Leche League International is a peer counseling organization that promotes abstinence before marriage.
False
The Meals on Wheels Association of America helps to reach older adults in communities that are also fully serviced by the Older Americans Nutrition Program.
False
The Mini Nutritional Assessment is a basic evaluation that assesses an older adult's cognitive status, memory, and affect.
False
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program was designed to specifically assist the older population.
False
The United States has the lowest infant mortality rate among industrialized countries.
False
The health effects of aging in the endocrine system of older adults are most commonly manifested as decreased absorption of minerals.
False
There has been a dramatic improvement since the past decade in the status of most objectives for physical activity and fitness among adults.
False
Those in the cultural pre-competence phase of the cultural competence continuum believe that culture makes no difference and everyone is treated the same.
False
Title III nutrition program efforts are usually limited to home-delivered meal sites.
False
Two individuals who speak the same language always give the same meaning to a specific word
False
WIC has made only a minor contribution to reducing fetal deaths, accounting for a reduction of less than 5% in fetal mortality rates.
False
WIC is an entitlement program, and can therefore serve all individuals requesting services.
False
If a woman gains more than the recommended amount of weight early in the pregnancy, she should diet for weight loss in the last few weeks.
False
Students gain access to healthy, local foods and experiential learning opportunities.
Farm-to-school
Improve the diets of school and preschool children by using government surplus foods.
Food Distribution Program
An in-school program that encourages the availability and consumption of nutrient-rich foods and at least an hour of daily physical activity.
Fuel Up To Play 60
The Free to Be Me program, which helped young girls feel good about their bodies, worked within the framework of which established, widely accepted community program?
Girls Scouts
An evaluation of Hispanic health beliefs and practices indicates a greater emphasis on the power of ____ and less on preventive health care.
God
Which program is administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)?
Health Center Program
Prenatal and postpartum care for pregnant women with incomes <185% of poverty level
Healthy Start
The goal of which program is to specifically identify and develop community-based approaches to reducing infant mortality and improving the health of low-income families?
Healthy Start Program
Improving child nutrition is the focus of the ____, which authorizes funding and allows the USDA to reform the nutrition standards of the school lunch and breakfast programs.
Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
Adults are 1.2 times as likely to be obese and children are 1.6 times as likely to be overweight compared to white counter parts
Hispanics
Women of this ethnic group are 1.4 times more likely to die from cervical cancer than white women
Hispanics
What is one of the key areas for improving the health of mothers and infants, as identified by an interagency workgroup and the surgeon general?
Increase research on genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that have an influence on pregnancy outcomes for mother and child.
Generational analyses of Asian Americans show significant ____ in succeeding generations as compared to first-generation residents of the United States
Increases in BMI
Which statement best describes, in general, the nutritional health status of U.S. children?
It is better today than ever before.
As a program of Feeding America, ____ is one of the nation's largest free meal service programs for children.
Kids Café
A program of Feeding America, the primary goal is to provide free prepared food and nutrition education to hungry children.
Kids Café Program
The notion that too much food can block "ki" (energy) is a traditional ____ belief.
Korean
Which cultural group(s) believe(s) that a healthy diet should consist of a balance of yin and yang foods?
Korean and Chinese
Has program of peer counseling for breastfeeding promotion
La Leche League
Complete health care for anyone with an income <138% of poverty level
Medicaid
Congress enacted which program in 1965 through Title XIX of the Social Security Act to ensure financial access to health care for economically disadvantaged people?
Medicaid
Third-party payment system that covers medical expenses for seniors
Medicare
High intakes of carbonated beverages and limited dental care are dietary concerns/issues of ____ Americans.
Mexican
Degeneration of joints
Musculoskeletal
Which initiative was implemented first?
National School Lunch Program
Provides congregate and home-delivered meals
Older American Nutrition Program
Established the federal Older Americans Nutrition Program
Older Americans Act
A government sponsored program that includes congregate and home-delivered meals
Older Americans Nutrition Program
The most recent government initiative dealing with health care disparities is the ____.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
Which communication approach is advised to improve cross-cultural communications?
Refrain from using "you."
Income subsidy that provides low-income seniors with coupons that can be used to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables
SFMNP
The leading cause of post neonatal mortality in the U.S. is ____.
SIDS
Increases the ability to purchase food for anyone with an income <130% of the poverty level
SNAP
Provides low-income individuals with nutrition education
SNAP Nutrition Assistance Program
Electronic benefits transfer for food purchases
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
What describes a general characteristic of baby boomers in terms of health promotion programs and services?
They will not age gracefully.
The only federal program concerned exclusively with the health of mothers, infants, and children
Title V
A dynamic conceptual model of cultural competence developed by Campinha-Bacote for health care professionals views cultural competence as a process rather than an end result.
True
A translator works with written information, while an interpreter explains spoken words
True
According to the National Standards for CLAS, health care organizations must offer language assistance to individuals who have limited English proficiency.
True
Acculturation is the process of adopting the beliefs, values, and behaviors of another culture.
True
An important characteristic of community nutrition interventions is that they can reach people in many different contexts of their daily lives.
True
An overarching objective of Healthy People 2020 is to improve the linguistic and cultural competency of public health professionals.
True
Avoiding eye contact is often considered proper behavior among Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Americans.
True
Because most of our life experiences occur within the same cultural context, our worldviews are repeatedly reinforced
True
Both the rate and the duration of breastfeeding are low in the United States
True
Breast milk contains the antibacterial agent lactoferrin,which helps protect the infant against infection.
True
By 2030, minority groups will represent 26.4% of the population of older adults.
True
Children with special health care needs are at increased nutritional risk due to potential feeding problems, drug/nutrient interactions, and decreased mobility.
True
Despite advances in clinical and preventive medicine, children and adolescents in the U.S. have significant nutritional concerns.
True
Ethnocentric describes someone who thinks his/her own culture is best.
True
Extreme weight-loss behaviors, such as vomiting, using laxatives, or taking diet pills, are a potential cause of under nutrition in adolescent girls.
True
For adults over age 50, health promotion efforts seek to preserve independence, productivity, and personal fulfillment
True
Genetics is probably the most significant factor affecting an infant's susceptibility to food allergies.
True
Health disparities can exist in regard to access to healthcare; delivery of quality, competent health care services; and health outcomes
True
Improving child nutrition is the focal point of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010.
True
In the Campinha-Baccote Model, cultural encounters are believed to have the greatest impact on the other four cultural constructs.
True
Introducing a variety of flavors and foods before age 2 may increase acceptance of a wider variety of flavors and foods in later childhood.
True
Iron deficiency remains a prevalent nutritional problem in infancy, although it has declined in recent years.
True
Legislation is being sought to eliminate the "reduced-price" category within the National School Lunch Program.
True
Life expectancy has risen, in part, due to better prenatal and postnatal care and improved means of combating disease in older adults.
True
Many instrumental activities of daily living, such as shopping and paying bills, are closely related to adequate nutrition status.
True
Many of the existing health care programs frequently refer their clients to the WIC program for nutrition services.
True
Maternal age can be a risk factor during pregnancy.
True
Minority health care professionals are more likely to work in medically underserved communities.
True
More than 50% of children and adolescents enrolled in school eat at least one of three meals at school.
True
Nearly 60 percent of overweight children have been shown to have at least one cardiovascular risk factor.
True
Nearly half of family food expenditures are spent on food and beverages outside the home.
True
Older adults in Okinawa, Japan, have among the lowest mortality rates in the world from a multitude of chronic diseases of aging.
True
One of the best indicators of a nation's health is the infant mortality rate.
True
One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 initiative is to increase the number of older persons who receive pneumonia and influenza vaccinations.
True
Over 90 percent of all Healthy Start families are African American, Hispanic, or Native Americans.
True
Overweight children tend to be taller and mature earlier than children who are not overweight.
True
Peer counseling has been shown to be an effective way to keep mothers breastfeeding.
True
Recipients may not participate in both WIC and CSFP.
True
Research has shown that many minority populations are less likely to receive routine medical checkups.
True
Results from several cost-benefit analyses have shown that money spent on WIC services is well spent.
True
Since the 1970s, the United States has been moving toward a cultural plurality, where no single ethnic or racial group is a majority.
True
The Eat Smart, Live Strong program is designed to improve fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity among older adults eligible for nutrition assistance programs.
True
The Healthy Eating Index is used as an indicator of diet quality as it provides an overall picture of the types of foods people choose to eat and of their adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
True
The Healthy Start Program specializes in outreach and home visits to help women receive prenatal care as early as possible.
True
The LEARN guidelines are useful in developing a culturally sensitive treatment plan.
True
The National Football League (NFL) helped establish the Fuel Up to Play 60 program focused on fighting childhood obesity.
True
The Older Americans Nutrition Program provides information, referrals, and attention to the needs of homebound older adults.
True
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children was authorized in 1972 as an amendment to the Child Nutrition Act of 1966.
True
The aim of Congress in passing the Title V legislation was to improve the health of mothers, infants, and children in areas where the need was greatest.
True
The amount of weight a woman should gain during pregnancy depends on her pre-pregnancy BMI and the number of children she is carrying.
True
The average number of daily servings of fruit and vegetables consumed by children still falls short of the recommendations
True
The degree of acculturation among immigrants and length of time in the United States have been shown to negatively influence food practices and health, especially among men.
True
The final review for the Healthy People 2010 initiative shows an overall trend for the worse in the data on the weight status of children
True
The older population is very heterogeneous in terms of their progression through the aging process.
True
The primary feeding goal of a child with special needs is for the child to feed him- or herself.
True
The solution to successful aging is to begin to prepare for old age early in life, both psychologically and nutritionally.
True
The widespread practice of dieting among adolescent girls places them at risk for under nutrition.
True
Though optimal nutrition contributes to healthy aging, approximately one-quarter of all older adults and one-half of all hospitalized older adults may suffer from malnutrition.
True
WIC is federally funded but is administered by the states.
True
National standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate services in health care have been established by the ____.
US Department of Health and Human Services
Adult Day Care Food Program
USDA
National School Lunch Program
USDA
SNAP Nutrition Education Program
USDA
School Breakfast Program
USDA
Seniors Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
USDA
Special Milk Program for Children
USDA
Summer Food Service Program for Children
USDA
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
USDA
Out of the following countries, which one has the highest IMR?
United States
Which advice would best serve a nutrition counselor asked to speak with a non-English-speaking Muslim community?
Use a pictorial guide to illustrate nutrition options.
Gives checks or vouchers to purchase healthful foods, and nutrition education and referral to health services are provided
WIC
Provide, at no cost, supplemental nutritious food, nutrition education, and referrals to health care to low-income pregnant women, infants, and children to age 5 who are at nutritional risk.
WIC
Provide fresh fruits and vegetables to low-income individuals while supporting local farmers.
WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
Overweight in children is defined as having a BMI ____ on the CDC growth chart.
above the 85th but below the 95th percentile
Obesity in children is defined as having a BMI ____ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
above the 95th
What best describes a "life advantage" that seems to contribute to good physical and mental health in later years?
achieving financial independence
Bathing, dressing, grooming, and feeding oneself
activities of daily living
The functional assessment component for a nutritional status assessment of older adults measures _____.
activities of daily living
An example of a physiological risk factor that would affect nutrition status in older adults would be ____.
alcohol and drug abuse
Which example best demonstrates cross-cultural communication?
an Asian woman speaking with an American nurse practitioner
Foods should be introduced to an infant one at a time because ____.
any allergic reactions can be detected
A collection of beliefs that includes an evaluative aspect
attitude
The period of time between 1946 and 1964
baby boom
Cultural beliefs influence our _____.
behavior and our conscious and unconscious thoughts
A highly personal and unreasoned distortion of judgment is known as _____.
bias
A mental slant or leaning to one side; a distortion of judgment
bias
Present in both breast milk and pre milk; favors the growth of the "friendly" bacteria in the infant's digestive tract so harmful bacteria cannot grow there
bifidus factor
In what way does the Farm to Work initiative support obesity prevention?
by providing baskets of healthy foods to worksites
Which type of drugs are most commonly used by older adults?
cardiac drugs
A pre milk substance produced during the first two or three days of lactation; contains antibodies and white blood cells from the mother's blood
colostrum
During the first two or three days of lactation, the breasts produce a pre milk substance called ____ containing antibodies and white cells from the mother's blood.
colostrum
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has urged public health efforts to increase consumer intakes of fruits and vegetables through ____.
competitive pricing of foods
Ethnocentric individuals _____.
consider their beliefs, values, and customs to be the best
Beverage that may be introduced to an infant's diet after the infant is one-year-old
cows milk
Belief that culture makes no difference
cultural blindness
Differences are accepted and respected with continuous self-evaluation
cultural competence
Attitudes, practices, and policies are destructive to other cultures
cultural destructiveness
During which stage of the cultural competence continuum model do individuals hold paternalistic attitudes towards "unfortunate" minorities?
cultural incapacity
Weaknesses in serving culturally diverse populations are realized, with some attempts to make accommodations
cultural pre-competence
Works in society to improve cultural relations
cultural proficiency
As measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) for adolescents ages 2-17, the consumption of which dietary components were closest to the standards?
dairy products and protein foods
Dietary quality tends to decline from childhood to adolescence mainly because of the ____.
decreased intake of fruits
What condition is a major contributor to disability and placement in nursing homes for those over age 75 and is often accompanied by food intake changes?
dementia
The most common chronic disease of children aged 5 to 17 years is ____.
dental caries
What describes an example of a nutritional risk factor that is diagnostic for the need for nutritional assistance among older adults?
depression or loneliness
What best describes how osteoarthritis impacts nutritional status in older adults?
difficulties with movement and meal preparation
Any restriction on or impairment in performing an activity in the manner considered normal
disability
The word DETERMINE is used as a mnemonic device with the self-assessment checklist of the Nutrition Screening Initiative. The "D" in DETERMINE stands for ____.
disease
The health care work force is expected to ____ in the coming years.
diversify
Differences among groups of people
diversity
Which social influence is associated with improved diet quality in children?
eating family meals at home
What tasks best represent activities of daily living (ADLs)?
eating, bathing, and getting out of bed
By October 2020, all WIC agencies will transition to using ____ to distribute financial allotments to participants.
electronic benefit transfer
REACH U.S. is a program established by the CDC that aims to _____.
eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities
. In which cultural construct of the Campinha-Bacote model do health care workers engage in cross-cultural interactions?
encounters
Altered circulating hormone levels
endocrine
According to the cross-cultural nutrition counseling algorithm, community nutrition practitioners should ____ during the Involving phase.
establish comfort
Property of a group that consists of sharing cultural traditions, common linguistic heritage, and land of origin
ethnicity
Considering one's own beliefs and viewpoints to be the best
ethnocentric
To promote healthful aging, improve care, and broaden access to food and nutrition programs and services for older adults, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics supports which strategy?
expanding funding for home-based nutrition services
An infant whose weight-for-length falls below the 5th percentile
failure to thrive
The current Older Americans Nutrition Program legislation makes meals available to seniors at least _____ days a week.
five
Which of the following is credited with the substantial decline in dental caries in children?
fluoridation of public drinking water
Prevention of neural tube defects
folate supplementation
Both increasing ____ around the world and ____ in the United States require health professionals to acquire skills to work with varied cultural groups.
globalization; diversity
During the closing phase of a nutrition counseling session, ____.
goals should be restated and a follow-up session should be discussed
As measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) for adolescents ages 2-17, the consumption of which dietary components were farthest from recommendations?
green vegetables and beans
A serious commitment to which sport may especially predispose some female athletes to the development of eating disorders?
gymnastics
Which behavior is best associated with the desire construct of the Campinha-Bacote model?
having a feeling of wanting to engage in the process of becoming culturally competent
Macular degeneration, hearing loss
head and neck
Which measurement can best confirm that growth is proceeding normally and/or help detect protein-energy malnutrition in infants?
head circumference
Exist when a segment of the population bears a disproportionate incidence of a health condition or illness
health disparities
What best describes the purpose of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Super Tracker tool?
helping consumers decide what and how much to eat
As of 2014, _____ were the largest minority group in the U.S., accounting for nearly 16% of the population.
hispanics
What nutrition program would most likely be implemented as part of care for institutionalized older adults?
hospice
Childhood obesity is associated with ____.
hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and reduced HDL-cholesterol
Individuals who move to a new country seeking permanent residence
immigrants
How is financial eligibility for WIC participation determined?
income at or below 185% of poverty guidelines or participation in SNAP or Medicaid
The Go4Life campaign is designed to ____.
increase numbers of older adults who are active and healthy
What describes a benefit of using a supermarket program to educate older adults about nutrition services?
increased product sales for the market
The beverage that is transitioned to if an infant is weaned from breast milk within first year of its life
infant formula
Food preparation, housekeeping, managing money, and shopping
instrumental activities of daily living
Which trait of a successful leader means adhering to a high standard of honesty and has been described as the most important leadership principle?
integrity
Rates are higher among pregnant adolescents
iron deficiency
Which of these is the most prevalent nutritional problem in infancy?
iron deficiency
. If the infant is not breastfed, then ____ should be given to the newborn.
iron-fortified formula
For clients who are ready to make dietary changes, goals should be worked out ____.
jointly between client and counselor
The Affordable Health Care Act aims to bring an end to health care disparities caused by ____.
lack of insurance
Powerful antibacterial agent in breast milk the helps protect the infant against infection
lactoferrin
What are the two primary indicators of an infant's future health status?
length of gestation and birth weight of infant
The average age at which a person dies is known as ____.
life expectancy
The average age of death
life expectancy
Cultural characteristics and beliefs are developed through _____.
life experiences and education
The link between high blood lead levels and ____ in children led to a large-scale public health effort and legislation to eliminate or reduce lead from certain products.
lowered intelligence
Characteristics of the majority American culture include ____.
materialism, directness, and practicality
What best describes an example of tertiary prevention?
medical nutrition therapy
In the U.S., American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders, blacks or African Americans, or Hispanics or Latinos
minorities
A property of groups wherein several cultures are represented
multicultural
A "luncheon club," initiated by some states in an effort to reduce the cost of providing meals, would most likely take place in a(n) _____.
neighbor's home
Decreased sensory perception, loss of brain cells
nervous
An infant whose weight-for-length falls above the 95th percentile
obese
What describes a role of the Meals on Wheels Association of America (MOWAA)?
offering grant opportunities to members
More than one-third of the dollars spent on food away from home are spent ____.
on fast foods
Low calcium intakes during the peak bone-building years increase the risk of ____ in later life, especially among females.
osteoporosis
Which of the following is a clear risk factor for type 2 diabetes in children?
overweight
The taking of three or more medications regularly
poly pharmacy
Over the past 20 years, there has been an increase in _____ of commonly consumed foods.
portion sizes
As ____ prevention, nutrition helps promote health and affects the quality of life in older adults.
primary
The method of negotiating whose main precept is that a decision about an issue should be based on its merits, not on what each side says it will or will not do, is referred to as ____.
principled negotiation
Cultural values _____.
provide a set of rules by which to govern life
Advising a Mexican woman who wishes to lose weight to try increasing her level of exercise, decreasing her intake of cheese, or increasing her intake of lean protein is an example of which LEARN guideline?
recommend
What describes a topic area relevant to older adults as part of the Healthy People 2020 initiative?
reducing the prevalence of arthritis
Dryness, loss of elasticity, dilation of capillaries
skin
A form of diversity that may not be visible or obvious is _____.
socioeconomic status
Assumptions that information about a cultural group applies to all individuals who appear to represent that group
stereotypes
The failure to further improve the IMR in the United States has been attributed to ____.
the number of infants born with low birth weights
Which trait is characteristic of a hard negotiator?
they perceive the process as a contest of wills
Minorities and the poor are more likely to live in polluted environment sand to work in hazardous occupations that increase the likelihood of exposure to ____.
toxins
Although iron deficiency remains a prevalent nutritional problem in infancy, it has declined in recent years, largely because of increased ____.
use of iron-fortified formulas
Any belief or quality that is important, desirable, or prized
value
Principles or standards that members of a cultural group share in common are known as _____.
values
Reduced stomach acidity associated with advancing age most likely impairs the absorption of what nutrient?
vitamin B12
Improve the diets of low-income households by increasing their ability to purchase foods.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
