Community Study Guide (Key Terms)

Consumer information processing model

Human problem solving and information processing addresses the ways consumers take in and use information in their design

Lesson plan

Well organized written guide for presenting a specific block of instruction

Indirect activities

"behind the scenes activities" required to carry out the interventions

Multifactorial

How health and disease are reframed

Planning Models

A structured guide or toll that is used when developing community programs

Quality of life

How meaningful a given life is which is dependent on individual order all health

Meso level

Involving institutions organizations and social networks

Assessing oral health needs 7 step model (ASTDD)

A needs assessment tool that can be accessed through the association of state and territorial dental directors

Reliable

A particular technique applied repeatedly yields the same result each time

Valid

Accurately measures a variable

Realistic/relatable

Achievable, yet challenging, objectives help motivate those involved in delivering the intervention

Program goals

Address identified needs and are more specific than the mission statement. Goals are broad statements of desired long term or short term goals

Resources

Alleviating the identified need

Learning ladder

Also known as the decision. Making continuum is based on the concept that people learn in a linear series of sequential steps

Salt fluoridation

An alteration in areas where water fluoridation is not possible

Instructional media

An essential element of effective instruction and contemporary learning

Intrapersonal focus

An individual approach to influencing change

Organizational change theory

Applied to improve the problem solving and renewal process of large organization or entire communities

Needs

As those things are are lacking but that are necessary for people to be in a healthy state

Social learning theory

Assumes that people and their environments are continuously interacting

Social cognitive theory

Behaviors are learned in social contexts through direct or various experiences and through observations of other behaviors and their results

Time line

Chart that lists target dates for completion of program activities

Primary data

Collected specifically for use in a program

Socially equitable

Community members who have access to public water receive the benefits of fluoridated water regardless of age or socioeconomic

Activities

Component steps required to carry out an intervention

Logic model

Concise way to show how a program is designed and will make a difference for a programs participants and a community

Pilot test

Confirming the survey is usable, to determine if people interpret questions as intended, and to make sure that given answers include all possibilities

Secondary data

Data that is already available

Community profile

Demographic data, knowledge, attitudes and practices, oral health status, and the impact of current oral health levels

Organization diagram

Details the chain of command and explain how information flows through a department agency

Cost benefit

Difference between the cost of providing the program vs the cost of not providing the program

Leveraging Resources

Emerging in response to the difficulty of trying to provide programs dependent on limited government

Community organization theory

Emphasizes active participation and development of communities to evaluate and solve health and social problems

Pre and post program

Enables an assessment of the amount of change

Prevention

Essential aspect of oral health promotion because most oral disease are ventable

Instructional set

Establishes the climate for the presentations. It is also to make learners aware of what they are to learn and cause them to want to learn it

Work statement

Explains what, where, and when the program activities are accomplished

Xylitol

Five carbon sugar alcohol used in many foods and snack items

Specific

Focus and precision are essential in setting objectives

Qualitative

For long term changes tell you why something changed lend to program improvement more readily than quantitative (knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors)

Management information systems

Help organize the data necessary to manage a program and make decisions

Community needs assessment

Helps determine to what extend needs exist and compares their salience to other problems and needs (collection, analysis, and interpretation info)

Needs analysis

Helps determine whether a problem is caused by a lack of service or a lack of use of existing services

Flow chart

Illustrate how clients or pts flow through the system

Macro level

Impacting social cultural and political

Community focus

Impacts social, cultural, and political agencies

Instructional objectives

In contrast are specific statements that describe what the learner is expected to be able to do, know, or think differently about once the lessons content has been presented and mastered

Enabling factor

Include the personal skills and available resources needed to preform behavior

Mobilizing for action through planning and participation (MAPP)

Includes phases of organizing for the success and partnership development and follows with visioning, assessments, identifying strategic issues, formulating goals and strategies, and an action plan

Social factors

Including customs, values, social networks, and ethnicity are associated with oral diseases

Micro level

Influencing the individual

Primary prevention

Intervention in disease before it occurs

Stages of change model

Introduced by prochaska and diclements in 1979. works with an individuals readiness to adopt a behavioral change for a healthier life

Educational goal

Is a non specific statement that saves as a foundation on which to develop all subsequent plans

Oral health education

Is a planned package of information, learning activities or experiences intended to produce improved oral health

Community water fluoridation

Is cost effective and much less expensive than restoring a single tooth

Tertiary prevention

Is the disability from a disease or rehabilitation of an individual

Subject content

Is the main focus of the lesson plan. This portion of the lesson plan addresses the new fact, attitudes, or skills that the learner needs to know

Learning style

Is the way one processes information, feels and behaves in learning situations, it describes how the person learns

Precede-proceed model

Made by Dr Lawrence Green, explain health related behaviors and to design and evaluate the interventions emphasizes multiple factors influence and health, and health risks

Measurable

Must be easily assessed to gauge progress

Appropriate

Needs of the population ground should be the center focus

Quantity of life

Number of years and individual lives

Summative evaluation (outcome evaluation)

Occurs after the prevention

Formative evaluation (process evaluation)

Occurs during the implementation process

Post program

Outcomes are assessed after program is complete

Stakeholders

People who have the potential to be affected by a program and could include community and organizational decision makers, sponsors (dental health professions, and targeted end users)

Cost effective

Programs deliver enough benefit to justify their cost

Common Risk Factors

Programs should address these (smoking cessation, diet counseling, and health education)

Reinforcing factor

Provide incentives for repetition or persistence of health behaviors once they have begun

Predisposing factors

Provide the reason behind, or motivation for a behavior

Healthy people 2020 toolkit

Provides guidance, technical tools and resources to help states, territories and tribe develop and promote successful state specific healthy people 2020 plans

Instructional planning

Requires an understanding of learning principles and teaching techniques as well as information about the background and learning levels of the intended audience

Health information

Set of abilities needed to recognize a health information need

Program evaluation

Simply an extension of this common sense practice to organized settings or programs

Mission statement

Single statement that expresses a broad, overarching purpose for the programs existence. Serves as a broad long term program guise and should not include any goals, objectives, activities, or interventions

Direct activities

Steps directly involved in the delivery of the intervention

Maslow's Heirachry of needs

Suggests that inner forces (needs) drive a person into action and that some needs take precedence over other

Impact

Summative evaluation, the results of the programmer compared with the goals and objectives and used to determine the impact of the program on the communitys health

Interventions

Task oriented and designed to answer the explanation of the problem or identified need

In community based programs who is the target group?

The patient

Health promotion

The process of enabling people and groups of people to increase control over and to improve their health through change in policy and law is explored

Time bound

Timescale is to be specified to assess changes achieved

Secondary prevention

Treatment or control of disease early in the process

Health belief model

Useful in predicting the likelihood of an individuals compliance with professional recommendations for preventative health behaviors

Interpersonal focus

Uses social networks to influence change

Job description

Written for dual purposes to advertise for staff openings

Health education

provides the decision making foundations needed to become and stay healthy. "learning opportunities or educational interventions designed to help individuals or groups learn new health information and develop new health behaviors