Community Study Guide (Key Terms)
Consumer information processing model
Human problem solving and information processing addresses the ways consumers take in and use information in their design
Lesson plan
Well organized written guide for presenting a specific block of instruction
Indirect activities
"behind the scenes activities" required to carry out the interventions
Multifactorial
How health and disease are reframed
Planning Models
A structured guide or toll that is used when developing community programs
Quality of life
How meaningful a given life is which is dependent on individual order all health
Meso level
Involving institutions organizations and social networks
Assessing oral health needs 7 step model (ASTDD)
A needs assessment tool that can be accessed through the association of state and territorial dental directors
Reliable
A particular technique applied repeatedly yields the same result each time
Valid
Accurately measures a variable
Realistic/relatable
Achievable, yet challenging, objectives help motivate those involved in delivering the intervention
Program goals
Address identified needs and are more specific than the mission statement. Goals are broad statements of desired long term or short term goals
Resources
Alleviating the identified need
Learning ladder
Also known as the decision. Making continuum is based on the concept that people learn in a linear series of sequential steps
Salt fluoridation
An alteration in areas where water fluoridation is not possible
Instructional media
An essential element of effective instruction and contemporary learning
Intrapersonal focus
An individual approach to influencing change
Organizational change theory
Applied to improve the problem solving and renewal process of large organization or entire communities
Needs
As those things are are lacking but that are necessary for people to be in a healthy state
Social learning theory
Assumes that people and their environments are continuously interacting
Social cognitive theory
Behaviors are learned in social contexts through direct or various experiences and through observations of other behaviors and their results
Time line
Chart that lists target dates for completion of program activities
Primary data
Collected specifically for use in a program
Socially equitable
Community members who have access to public water receive the benefits of fluoridated water regardless of age or socioeconomic
Activities
Component steps required to carry out an intervention
Logic model
Concise way to show how a program is designed and will make a difference for a programs participants and a community
Pilot test
Confirming the survey is usable, to determine if people interpret questions as intended, and to make sure that given answers include all possibilities
Secondary data
Data that is already available
Community profile
Demographic data, knowledge, attitudes and practices, oral health status, and the impact of current oral health levels
Organization diagram
Details the chain of command and explain how information flows through a department agency
Cost benefit
Difference between the cost of providing the program vs the cost of not providing the program
Leveraging Resources
Emerging in response to the difficulty of trying to provide programs dependent on limited government
Community organization theory
Emphasizes active participation and development of communities to evaluate and solve health and social problems
Pre and post program
Enables an assessment of the amount of change
Prevention
Essential aspect of oral health promotion because most oral disease are ventable
Instructional set
Establishes the climate for the presentations. It is also to make learners aware of what they are to learn and cause them to want to learn it
Work statement
Explains what, where, and when the program activities are accomplished
Xylitol
Five carbon sugar alcohol used in many foods and snack items
Specific
Focus and precision are essential in setting objectives
Qualitative
For long term changes tell you why something changed lend to program improvement more readily than quantitative (knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors)
Management information systems
Help organize the data necessary to manage a program and make decisions
Community needs assessment
Helps determine to what extend needs exist and compares their salience to other problems and needs (collection, analysis, and interpretation info)
Needs analysis
Helps determine whether a problem is caused by a lack of service or a lack of use of existing services
Flow chart
Illustrate how clients or pts flow through the system
Macro level
Impacting social cultural and political
Community focus
Impacts social, cultural, and political agencies
Instructional objectives
In contrast are specific statements that describe what the learner is expected to be able to do, know, or think differently about once the lessons content has been presented and mastered
Enabling factor
Include the personal skills and available resources needed to preform behavior
Mobilizing for action through planning and participation (MAPP)
Includes phases of organizing for the success and partnership development and follows with visioning, assessments, identifying strategic issues, formulating goals and strategies, and an action plan
Social factors
Including customs, values, social networks, and ethnicity are associated with oral diseases
Micro level
Influencing the individual
Primary prevention
Intervention in disease before it occurs
Stages of change model
Introduced by prochaska and diclements in 1979. works with an individuals readiness to adopt a behavioral change for a healthier life
Educational goal
Is a non specific statement that saves as a foundation on which to develop all subsequent plans
Oral health education
Is a planned package of information, learning activities or experiences intended to produce improved oral health
Community water fluoridation
Is cost effective and much less expensive than restoring a single tooth
Tertiary prevention
Is the disability from a disease or rehabilitation of an individual
Subject content
Is the main focus of the lesson plan. This portion of the lesson plan addresses the new fact, attitudes, or skills that the learner needs to know
Learning style
Is the way one processes information, feels and behaves in learning situations, it describes how the person learns
Precede-proceed model
Made by Dr Lawrence Green, explain health related behaviors and to design and evaluate the interventions emphasizes multiple factors influence and health, and health risks
Measurable
Must be easily assessed to gauge progress
Appropriate
Needs of the population ground should be the center focus
Quantity of life
Number of years and individual lives
Summative evaluation (outcome evaluation)
Occurs after the prevention
Formative evaluation (process evaluation)
Occurs during the implementation process
Post program
Outcomes are assessed after program is complete
Stakeholders
People who have the potential to be affected by a program and could include community and organizational decision makers, sponsors (dental health professions, and targeted end users)
Cost effective
Programs deliver enough benefit to justify their cost
Common Risk Factors
Programs should address these (smoking cessation, diet counseling, and health education)
Reinforcing factor
Provide incentives for repetition or persistence of health behaviors once they have begun
Predisposing factors
Provide the reason behind, or motivation for a behavior
Healthy people 2020 toolkit
Provides guidance, technical tools and resources to help states, territories and tribe develop and promote successful state specific healthy people 2020 plans
Instructional planning
Requires an understanding of learning principles and teaching techniques as well as information about the background and learning levels of the intended audience
Health information
Set of abilities needed to recognize a health information need
Program evaluation
Simply an extension of this common sense practice to organized settings or programs
Mission statement
Single statement that expresses a broad, overarching purpose for the programs existence. Serves as a broad long term program guise and should not include any goals, objectives, activities, or interventions
Direct activities
Steps directly involved in the delivery of the intervention
Maslow's Heirachry of needs
Suggests that inner forces (needs) drive a person into action and that some needs take precedence over other
Impact
Summative evaluation, the results of the programmer compared with the goals and objectives and used to determine the impact of the program on the communitys health
Interventions
Task oriented and designed to answer the explanation of the problem or identified need
In community based programs who is the target group?
The patient
Health promotion
The process of enabling people and groups of people to increase control over and to improve their health through change in policy and law is explored
Time bound
Timescale is to be specified to assess changes achieved
Secondary prevention
Treatment or control of disease early in the process
Health belief model
Useful in predicting the likelihood of an individuals compliance with professional recommendations for preventative health behaviors
Interpersonal focus
Uses social networks to influence change
Job description
Written for dual purposes to advertise for staff openings
Health education
provides the decision making foundations needed to become and stay healthy. "learning opportunities or educational interventions designed to help individuals or groups learn new health information and develop new health behaviors